CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

There are two types of water that must be properly disposed to avoid
pollution. One type is waste water which is waste water from washing,
flushing, manufacturing and other various purposes. Another is storm water
which comes from precipitation that may cause run-off or pollution. Without
the proper disposal, waste water and storm water may infiltrate the ground and
contaminate the groundwater or the public water supply system through broken
pipes, detective joints, and other similar entry points.

Basically, the drainage system has two basic types: the sanitary drainage system
and storm water drainage system. A system that carries both sanitary and storm
water is called combined system. However there is a disadvantage in using the
combined system; it can lead to pollution when the sewer is not big enough to
transport both sanitary and storm water. In standard requirement, a separate pipe
network for sanitary water and rain water must be designed for a drainage system.

Located on the southern part of Cebu City is Brgy. Kinasang-an Pardo Cebu City
which is rapidly developing barangay with a lot of commercial buildings and new
villages.

Naturally, this rapid development has had its price. Economic development has
often been prioritized at the cost of the environment, which has contributed to
various environmental nuisances, and high level of pollutants in the barangay, and
its surroundings.

With a rapid expansion of infastracture, the results can be seen in hard surfaces
replacing permeable soil, hence not allowing the water to infiltrate and quickly
conducting it towards the public pipes/culverts.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Drastically affected by flooding is the Barangay Kinasang-an Pardo Cebu

City. The barangay has a lot of drainage plans for the area, but with a constraint
budget the officials could not afford to put up proper drainage and a treatment
facility. As a developing community, the population of Barangay Kinasang-an has
increased extensively.

The possibility of polluting the water supply system in the area increases as well.
The disposal of wastewater has therefore become a great concern. It is the interest
of the Barangay officials to develop a proposed drainage system to serve the
community through a properly disposed wastewater and properly collected storm
water to prevent contamination of the water supply system.
Moreover it is the desire of the researcher to inquire into a possible storm water
drainage design system in order to come up with a recommendation that should
solve the prevailing problem.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Generally, the objective of the study is to assess the present condition of the
drainage system at Kinasang-an Pardo Cebu City.
In an attempt to address the general objective, the following specific objectives are
set:

To determine the present condition of the drainage system in Kinasang-an Pardo

Cebu City

To determine the population to be served and the total number of households on

the specific area covered

To determine the total discharge coming from the households and precipitation

To determine the general topography of the area

To determine the type of drainage system that can possibly be recommended for
the sufficient discharge and flow of water

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

One of the first things that a community learns is that water is their enemy,
because there are so many ways that water from poor drainage system can
ruin or destroy home, roads and properties.
Drainage at a property is often overlooked, but when something goes wrong, the
results can be devastating. There have been many cases in Kinasang-an Pardo of
water getting into homes and being stuck on the road for a couple of hours because
of a poor drainage system.
By this thesis, the researchers would present the best possible storm water drainage
design that could cover the storm water at Kinasang-an Pardo Cebu City without
any over spilling to roads. In this way, the community would not experience too
much flooding again the area covered.

LIMITATIONS

This study aims to determine the present condition of the drainage system in
Kinasang-an Pardo Cebu City, determine the population to be served and the total
number of households on the specific area covered, determine the general
topography of the area and to determine the type of drainage system that can
possibly be recommended for the sufficient discharge and flow of water

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

Along with the development of towns and cities, naturally vegetated areas have
successfully been replaced with hard surfaced areas as the urbanization proceeded
(Environment Agency, 2003).

For a long time, the highest priority was to get rid of the storm water without
considering the consequences. The book of Urban Drainage by LaBranche et al,
2007

The problems connected to particles brought to the recipient by the storm water, as
well as flooding due to overburdening of the pipe system when a heavy storm
arrived, remain though. Leading the water pipes means that the natural effects of
nature like buffering, infiltration and evapotranspiration is bypassed, Falu Energi
& Vatten AB et al., 2008.

To cope with this problems, the concept of local management of stormwater and
open solutions won ground, and has been increasingly propagated in many
countries during the last decades. While the purpose still remains the same,
removing the stormwater, focus has now shifted towards a more holistic approach
of handling stormwater. More focus is put on possible treatement processed during
the transport of the stormwater, as well as the situation at the recipients.,Persson
et al., 2009

Stormwater running along the flow path towards the next sustainable urban
drainage solution should be slowed down, in order to mitigate the stress on

downstream solutions and recipients. This can be realized by letting the surface
water run through a properly designed strip or culverts., Persson et al, 2009