College Of Mechanical

Engineering Technology
{Renewable Energy 1}

Report {1}
Types of renewable and nonrenewable energy }
{sources

{{And the difference between them

Student Name:

Mohammed Badirdeen Abdulhadi

Student No

102034

Date

16 / 1 / 2016

Mr. Saleh Elbadri

Renewable Energy
There are many forms of renewable energy . Most of these renewable energies
depend in one way or another on sunlight. Wind and hydroelectric power are the
direct result of differential heating of the Earth's surface which leads to air moving
about (wind) and precipitation forming as the air is lifted. Solar energy is the direct
conversion of sunlight using panels or collectors. Biomass energy is stored sunlight
contained in plants. Other renewable energies that do not depend on sunlight are
geothermal energy, which is a result of radioactive decay in the crust combined with
the original heat of accreting the Earth, and tidal energy, which is a conversion of
.gravitational energy

Solar .This form of energy relies on the nuclear fusion power from the core of the
Sun. This energy can be collected and converted in a few different ways. The range is
from solar water heating with solar collectors or attic cooling with solar attic fans for
domestic use to the complex technologies of direct conversion of sunlight to electrical
energy using mirrors and boilers or photovoltaic cells. Unfortunately these are
.currently insufficient to fully power our modern society

Wind Power. The movement of the atmosphere is driven by differences of

temperature at the Earth's surface due to varying temperatures of the Earth's surface
when lit by sunlight. Wind energy can be used to pump water or generate electricity,
.but requires extensive areal coverage to produce significant amounts of energy

Hydroelectric energy. This form uses the gravitational potential of elevated

water that was lifted from the oceans by sunlight. It is not strictly speaking renewable
since all reservoirs eventually fill up and require very expensive excavation to become
useful again. At this time, most of the available locations for hydroelectric dams are
.already used in the developed world
Biomass is the term for energy from plants. Energy in this form is very commonly used
throughout the world. Unfortunately the most popular is the burning of trees for
cooking and warmth. This process releases copious amounts of carbon dioxide gases
into the atmosphere and is a major contributor to unhealthy air in many areas. Some
of the more modern forms of biomass energy are methane generation and production
.of alcohol for automobile fuel and fueling electric power plants

Hydrogen and fuel cells. These are also not strictly renewable energy
resources but are very abundant in availability and are very low in pollution when
utilized. Hydrogen can be burned as a fuel, typically in a vehicle, with only water as
the combustion product. This clean burning fuel can mean a significant reduction of
pollution in cities. Or the hydrogen can be used in fuel cells, which are similar to
batteries, to power an electric motor. In either case significant production of hydrogen
requires abundant power. Due to the need for energy to produce the initial hydrogen
gas, the result is the relocation of pollution from the cities to the power plants. There

are several promising methods to produce hydrogen, such as solar power, that may
.alter this picture drastically

Geothermal power. Energy left over from the original accretion of the planet
and augmented by heat from radioactive decay seeps out slowly everywhere,
everyday. In certain areas the geothermal gradient (increase in temperature with
depth) is high enough to exploit to generate electricity. This possibility is limited to a
few locations on Earth and many technical problems exist that limit its utility. Another
form of geothermal energy is Earth energy, a result of the heat storage in the Earth's
surface. Soil everywhere tends to stay at a relatively constant temperature, the yearly
average, and can be used with heat pumps to heat a building in winter and cool a
building in summer. This form of energy can lessen the need for other power to
maintain comfortable temperatures in buildings, but cannot be used to produce
.electricity

Other forms of energy. Energy from tides, the oceans and hot hydrogen
fusion are other forms that can be used to generate electricity. Each of these is
discussed in some detail with the final result being that each suffers from one or
another significant drawback and cannot be relied upon at this time to solve the
.upcoming energy crunch

?Can A Country Achieve 100% Renewable Energy

If you think 100% renewable energy will never happen, think again. Several countries
have adopted ambitious plan to obtain their power from renewable energy. These
countries are not only accelerating RE installations but are also integrating RE into
.their existing infrastructure to reach a 100% RE mix. Read our article

?What are renewable energy sources

Solar power can be used directly for heating and producing electricity or indirectly via
biomass, wind, ocean thermal , and hydroelectric power. Energy from the
gravititational field can be harnessed by tidal power; and the internal heat of the Earth
.can be tapped geothermally
These tools and more can help make the transition from non-renewable to renewable
and environmentally friendly energy. However, none of these is sufficiently developed
or abundant enough to substitute for fossil fuels use. Every one of these power
sources (with the exception of hydroelectric) has low environmental costs, and
combined have the potential to be important in avoiding a monumental crisis when
the fossil fuel crunch hits. These energy sources are often non-centralized, leading to
.greater consumer control and involvement

Non Renewable Energy

Non-renewable resources are resources for which there is a limited supply. The supply comes
. from the Earth itself and, as it typically takes millions of years to develop, is finite

Categories of Non-Renewable Resources

Non-renewable resources can generally be separated into two main categories; fossil fuels
and nuclear fuels.

Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are derived from organic matter which has been trapped between layers of
sediments within the Earth for millions of years.

The organic matter, typically plants, have decomposed and compressed over time,
leaving what are known as fossil fuel deposits.
These deposits, and the materials produced from them, tend to be highly combustible,
making them an ideal energy source.
They are difficult to obtain as they are typically retrieved through drilling or mining, but
fossil fuels are worth the effort for the sheer amount of energy they produce.
Crude Oil/Petroleum
Crude oil is a non-renewable resource that builds up in liquid form between the layers of the
Earths crust.

It is retrieved by drilling deep into the ground and pumping the liquid out. The liquid is
then refined and used to create many different products.
Crude oil is a very versatile fuel and is used to produce things like plastics, artificial
food flavorings, heating oil, petrol, diesel, jet fuel, and propane.
The top three oil-producing countries are Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States.
Gas
Natural gasses gather below the Earths crust and, like crude oil, must be drilled for and
pumped out.

Methane and ethane are the most common types of gasses obtained through this
process.
These gasses are most commonly used in home heating as well as gas ovens and grills.

Russia, Iran, and Qatar are the countries with the largest recorded natural gas
reserves.

Coal
Coal is the last of the major fossil fuels. Created by compressed organic matter, it is solid like
rock and is obtained via mining.

Out of all countries, China produces the most coal by far.

According to the Statistical Review of World Energy, published in 2011 by BP, they
produced an astounding 48.3% (3,240 million tons) of the worlds coal in 2010, followed by
the United States who produced a mere 14.8%.
Coal is most typically used in home heating and the running of power plants.

Nuclear Fuels
The other form of non-renewable resource used to produce energy, nuclear fuels, is primarily
obtained through the mining and refining of uranium ore.

Uranium is a naturally occurring element found within the Earth's core.

Most uranium deposits occur in small quantities which miners gather together, refine,
and purify.
Once gathered, the uranium is brought together and compounded into rods.
The rods are then submersed into tanks of water.
When it reaches critical mass, uranium begins to break down and release energy which
heats the water it is immersed in. This is known as "fission."
The heated water then creates pressure and it is this pressure which drives the
turbines that generate the electricity we use every day.
Nuclear fuels are Key to maintaining the Earth's environment since they are the
cleanest of all non-renewable resources.

Differences between Renewable

Energy and Non-Renewable
Energy are as follows:
1. Renewable Energy:

Renewable energy is energy which is generated from natural sources i.e. sun, wind,
rain, tides and can be generated again and again as and when required.
They are available in plenty and by far most the cleanest sources of energy available
on this planet. For e.g., Energy that we receive from the sun can be used to generate
electricity. Similarly, energy from wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be
used this form of energy to another form.

Advantages of Renewable Sources:

1. The sun, wind, geothermal, ocean energy are available in the abundant quantity and
free to use.
2. The non-renewable sources of energy that we are using are limited and are bound to
expire one day.
3. Renewable sources have low carbon emissions, therefore they are considered as
green and environment friendly.
4. Renewable helps in stimulating the economy and creating job opportunities. The
money that is used to build these plants can provide jobs to thousands to lakhs of
people.
5. You dont have to rely on any third country for the supply of renewable sources as in
case of non-renewable sources.
6. Renewable sources can cost less than consuming the local electrical supply. In the
long run, the prices of electricity are expected to soar since they are based on the
prices of crude oil, so renewable sources can cut your electricity bills.
7. Various tax incentives in the form of tax waivers, credit deductions are available for
individuals and businesses who want to go green.

Disadvantages of Renewable Sources:

1. It is not easy to set up a plant as the initial costs are quite steep.
2. Solar energy can be used during the day time and not during night or rainy season.

3. Geothermal energy which can be used to generate electricity has side effects too. It
can bring toxic chemicals beneath the earth surface onto the top and can create
environmental changes.
4. Hydroelectric provide pure form of energy but building dams across the river which is
quite expensive can affect natural flow and affect wildlife.
5. To use wind energy, you have to rely on strong winds therefore you have to choose
suitable site to operate them. Also, they can affect bird population as they are quite
high.

2. Non-Renewable Energy:
Renewable energy is energy which is taken from the sources that are available on the
earth in limited quantity and will vanish fifty-sixty years from now. Non-renewable
sources are not environmental friendly and can have serious affect on our health.
They are called non-renewable because they can be re-generated within a short span
of time Non-renewable sources exist in the form of fossil fuels, natural gas oil and coal.

Advantages of Non Renewable Sources:

1. Non-renewable sources are cheap and easy to use. You can easily fill up your car
tank and power your motor vehicle.
2. You can use small amount of nuclear energy to produce large amount of power.
3. They are considered as cheap when converting from one type of energy to another.

Disadvantages of Non Renewable Sources:

1. Non-renewable sources will expire some day and we have to us our endangered
resources to create more non-renewable sources of energy.
2. The speed at which such resources are being utilized can have serious
environmental changes.

3. Non-renewable sources release toxic gases in the air when burnt which are the
major cause for global warming.
4. Since these sources are going to expire soon, prices of these sources are soaring
day by day.