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17 November 2013
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Steam Turbines
Pump
Cargo oil pump consists of pump casing, impeller, impeller shaft, shaft seal and bulkhead stuffing box. Pump
casing has the suction and discharge nozzles within its foundation. Impeller which is driven by impeller shaft is
the section that creates suction and discharge ability in the pump. Impeller shaft is powered by the high speed
steam turbine which is placed on the engine deck. The bulkhead stuffing box is used to seal the gas from the
pump room to engine room. And shaft seals are provided in order to prevent the leakage of the liquid and the
ingress of the air to the pump.
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Closed impeller
Recessed Impeller
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COP is driven by a steam turbine which has to be fed by a boiler working at a steam pressure of 16 kg/cm2.
Pressurized steam that comes into the turbine force to rotate the impeller and impeller shaft. In other words,
steam pressure is converted into the motion energy in the turbine and used as COP driving energy. In this way
COP is able to turn and handle the liquids by centrifugal force. Pump is able to transfer 2800m3/h or
17611BBLS/h with a revolution of 1510 rpm. Suction head is-5meters. This is the distance from the center of the
rotation in the pump to the suction bell-month. Total head is 28 meters with efficiency of 81%. Maximum
discharge pressure is 13 bars. Maximum density for the liquid to be handled is 1025kg/m3 and minimum density
is 0.7t/m3. The liquid to be pumped should have a minimum viscosity of 600 cSt.
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Before having the pump running, all involved valves should be determined and set accordingly. All equipments
should be checked carefully. COP must be fed by a tank or tanks through the suction valve. Duty officer ensures
that the separator and the pump are full of liquid and the discharge valve is closed. The important point in filling
the separator is the controlling the speed of the liquid in such a way that it does not damage the level indicators
in the separator. This process which is called priming should be slow and smooth. After having done this COP
turbine is ready for operation.
Duty engineer feeds pressurised steam to the turbine and makes the pump turn at the minimum speed (about
800RPM) and gives the control of the pump to the CCR (Cargo Control Room). According to manufacturer
instructions pump should not be run no more than 3 minutes with a closed discharge valve. In 3 minutes COP
reaches to nominal operating temperatures and its revolution becomes steady. From now on pump is ready for
discharging. By opening the discharge valve 35% liquid transfer is started and at this moment discharge
pressure gauge must be observed for any rapid fall. Then the manifold valve is ordered to open and flow of the
cargo is observed closely by the watchman. If the revolution and the discharge pressure is steady then the speed
of them pump may be increased gradually up to the required level which is determined by the receiving station
capabilities.
While the pump is running suction valve must be fully open and the separator level must be high enough to
provide sufficient liquid to pump and prevent any accumulation of air/vapour in the casing. In case of the liquid
level is not high enough to prime the pump then pump casing, bearings, impellers, etc. start to heat up and if
the pump is still kept running this will damage and collapse the pump severely. Due to this fact officer in charge
should keep an eye on the separator level gauges, pump suction/discharge gauges and pump temperatures and
log them hourly.
As the liquid level in tank gets low pump will experience some cavitations due to the vapour sucked from the
cargo tank. And vapour tends to replace with the liquid being handled hence critically reducing the priming of the
pump and so that increasing the temperature in the casing. In order to prevent gathering of vapour in the pump
or separator an external device or some gas extraction system should be used. If the level of the liquid still
becomes problem the pump should be set to minimum rpm and keep running for some time however after a
while this will not be enough again and a shift to cargo oil stripping pump must be made after having stopped
the main pump. Once the pump is stopped it should be left for a while to cool down and drain afterwards.
Parallel operation with the pumps requires due attention. The key point while running the pumps parallel is the
discharge pressures. If the discharge pressures are not equal, then the higher pressure pump makes it difficult
to pump for the lower pressure pump. Since the lower pressure pump cannot pump, it acts just as the discharge
valve is closed and so that some build up of temperature occurs in the casing unless pump is shut down and
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1 Comment
luv kandhari
Sep 29 2014 tarihinde 11:57'de yazld.
Reply
why the gland seal pressure keep low..and what is its use
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