ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We take extreme pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude to our project
guide Mr. P. SRIDHAR, Associate Professor in Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, TRRCE For his inspiring guidance and encouragement throughout the
preparation and completion of this project.
We express our heartiest gratitude to Mr. K. HUSSANAIAH, Associate
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TRRCE for his
inspiring guidance and encouragement.
We would like to thank Dr. J. PRAVEEN, Head of the Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering, for being his support throughout the period of study in
TRRCE.
We wish to express our heartiest gratitude to Dr. K. SRINIVASA RAO,
Principal, TRRCE for his permission in proceeding with project work.
Our sincere thanks to our external project guide Mr. S. CHANDRAMOULI,
A.D.E, APTRANSCO, Hyderabad for the guidance and support pertain to use workshop
facilities and come out with this project work.
We are thankful to faculty members of Dept of EEE, TRRCE and laboratory staff
for their constructive help rendered to us for completion of this project work. Last but not
least, we are thankful to our friends for helping us in carrying out this project.

R.RAJESH KUMAR GOUD

(06L01A0224)

T.VEENA

(06L01A0252)

M.PRADEEP KUMAR

(06L01A0260)

ABSTRACT
APTRANSCO extends power supply to the railways through railway traction
feeders, as railways are one of the bulk consumers. APTRANSCO provide uninterrupted
power supply to railways as any interruption to railways will cause revenue loss to the
transmission utility besides causing inconvenience to general public.
Presently in this project, General layout of the substation, equipment functioning
and the process of arranging electric supply to the traction examined .The schematic
diagram of extension power supply to railway traction substation from APTRANSCO
substation enclosed along with Remote Terminal Units (RTU), which uses SCADA
System and microprocessor based electronic signals. Measures for supplying
uninterrupted power to railways will be suggested for improving availability of power
and for accruing revenue to APTRANSCO.
Organisation of the Project Work
In this project work, Chapter 1 Deals with introduction to Electric traction system
and History of electric traction in India.
Chapter 2 Deals with System of track electrification.
Chapter 3 Deals with Electrical and Switching equipments in traction sub-station.
Chapter 4 Deals with Over head lines and main components of Over head line.
Chapter 5 Deals with Maintenance of traction feeders and protection schemes, protection
requirements.
Chapter 6 Deals with SCADA system and SCADA application in traction.
Chapter 7 Deals with Locomotives and current collection in traction system.
Chapter 8 Deals with Conclusion of the project.

ii

CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1

TITLE

Page.

ELECTRICAL TRACTION SYSTEM

No

1-5

1.0

Introduction1

1.1

Introduction to electrical traction system

1.2

How does electric traction works?

1.3

History of electric traction in India

1.4

Features of electric traction

1.5

Conclusion

SYSTEM OF TRACK ELECTRIFICATION

6-12

2.0

Introduction

2.1

Electric traction basics

2.2

Ac supply Vs dc supply

2.3

System of track electrification

2.4

Description of the AC traction system

10

2.5

Conclusion

12

ELECTRICAL AND SWITCHING EQUIPMENT IN

TRACTION SUBSTATION

13-25

3.0

Introduction

13

3.1

Traction substation

13

3.2

Equipment used in Traction Substation

15

3.3

Supply arrangement for AC traction system

19

3.4

Liaison with Power Supply Authorities

20

3.5

Electric traction glossary

21

3.6

Protection Scheme

25

3.7

Conclusion

25
iii

5.

OVER HEAD LINES

26-42

4.0

Introduction

26

4.1

Over head lines

26

4.2

Third Rail

26

4.3

Main components of overhead lines

30

4.4

Spacing between conductors of overhead lines

31

4.5

Circuit breaker

32

4.6

Air brake system

33

4.7

Maintenance

35

4.8

Methods of current collection

36

4.9

Traction with lowered pantographs

41

4.10 Conclusion

42

MAINTANENCE OF TRACTION FEEDERS

43-51

5.0

Introduction

43

5.1

Protection schemes provided

43

5.2

Bulk load feeder protection

44

5.3

Power factor improvement

44

5.4

Shut-downs of traction supply to be pre planned

44

5.5

Electrical traction protection requirements

46

5.6

Points that will be observed during preventive

Maintenance of traction feeder

5.7
6.

47

Conclusion

51

SCADA APPLICATION IN TRACTION SYSTEM

52-59

6.0

Introduction

52

6.1

SCADA system

52

6.2

System concepts

53
iv

6.3

Remote terminal unit

53

6.4

Types of equipment used in remote control unit

54

6.5

Automatic localization of OHE faults

58

6.6

Safety measures

58

6.7

Conclusion

59

ABOUT OUR LOCOS

60-66

7.0

Introduction

60

7.1

Introduction

60

7.2

Function of the equipment in ac loco

61

7.3

Electrification of traction motor

63

7.4

Existing tractions system

64

7.5

Advantages of Electric Traction

65

7.6

Conclusion

66

CASE STUDY

67-72

8.1

67

Sanathnagar railway traction substation

CONCLUSION

73

9.0

Conclusion

73

BIBLIOGRAPHY

74

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE. NO

TITLE

Page. No

3.1

View of traction sub-station

14

3.2

Power supply arrangement of AC traction system

16

4.1

Third Rail

26

4.2

Shoes and shoe gear

27

4.3

Over head lines

37

4.4

Single catenary construction

38

4.5

Compound catenary construction

39

5.1

O/L, E/L relay on traction feeder

43

6.1

SCADA system arrangement

56

7.1

Block diagram of modern A.C locomotive

60

8.1

Power

supply arrangement to Sanathnagar traction

8.2

Sub-station

67

Basic block diagram of 25kv A.C locomotive

71

vi

LIST OF TABLES
Table. No
1

TITLE

Page. No

Supply to Railway traction from the

Various sub-stations

68

Interruptions occurred on the railway traction

Feeders in the year 2009-10

vii

69