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tqykbZ] 2016
cpiu
vad&9
eatjh
J)katfy
egk'osrk nsoh
Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh thoar fdaonarh egk'osrk nsoh us 28
tqykbZ dks ges'kk ds fy, ge lcls fonk ys yhA 90 o"kZ
dh voLFkk esa Hkh vfr lfdz; jgha egk'osrk u dsoy
lkfgR; ds fy, thrh jgha cfYd os gj {k.k mu yksxksa
ds fy, yM+rh Hkh jgha tks oafpr Fks] ykpkj FksA mUgsa
fcgkj] if'pe caxky] e/; izns'k vkSj NRrhlx<+ ds yks/kk
vkSj 'kkckj vkfnokfl;ksa ds gd dh vkokt mBkus ds fy,
Hkh mruk gh tkuk tkrk gS ftruk gtkj pkSjklh dh eka]
#nkyh vkSj vkj.;sj vf/kdkj tSlh dkyt;h jpukvksa ds
fy,A mUgsa jseu eSXlsls vokMZ] lkfgR; vdkneh vokMZ] KkuihB
iqjLdkj] in~eJh vkSj in~e foHkw"k.k tSls izfrf"Br lEekuksa ls uoktk
tk pqdk gSA
lqizfl) dfo euh"k ?kVd vkSj ysf[kdk /kkfj=h nsoh ds ?kj <kdk esa
tUeha egk'osrk dh vkjafHkd f'k{kk rks tUeLFkku esa gh gqbZ ysfdu
foHkktu ds ckn mudk ifjokj if'pe caxky pyk vk;kA mUgksaus
xq#oj johanzukFk VSxksj ds 'kkafr fudsru esa fo'oHkkjrh fo'ofo|ky;
ls viuh ch-,- dh i<+kbZ iwjh dh rFkk dksydkrk ;wfuoflZVh ls vaxzsth
(1926&2016)
(1962&2016)
eatjh
ladYiuk
ladYiuk
bfDoVh QkmaMs'ku yacs vjls ls ,d osc if=dk 'kq: djus ds ckjs
esa lksp jgk FkkA edln Fkk efgyk vkSj lekt ds eqn~nksa dks f'kn~nr
ls mBkukA tc geus phtksa dks ,d lkFk dj mls if=dk ds :i
esa ltkus ds ckjs esa lkspuk 'kq: fd;k rks bl dze esa dbZ yksxksa ls
tqM+sA geus efgykvksa dks if=dk ls tksM+us dh dksf'k'k dhA ge
nksLrksa ls feys vkSj ifjfprksa ls ckr dhA efgykvksa ds lkekftd
lewgksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa ds ,d lkFk tqM+us ds ckn tks Lo:i lkeus
vk;k og gS 'eatjh'A
eatjh ;kuh dksaiyA 'kk[kksa esa QwVus okyh uUgh ifRr;kaA ubZ
'kk[kksa dk l`tu djus okys bu dksaiy dks dqEgykus ls cpkuk t:jh
gS ugha rks iwjs isM+ dk foLrkj dqan gks tk,xkA Bhd mlh rjg L=h
ds eu dh eatjh dks lgstus dh t:jr gS ojuk isM+:ih lekt
fod`fr dk f'kdkj gks tk,xkA gekjk iz;kl blh eatjh dks iqf"ir
ifYyor djus dk gS tks vkSjr dh lksp vkSj mldh dksf'k'k dks
lgh fn'kk iznku dj ldsA
eatjh ds l`tu ds nkSjku igys rks 10&30 yksxksa dk ,d
<hyk&<kyk lewg cukA fopkj vkrs x,A vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa vkSj
eqn~nksa ijA lewg esa dqN vueuh efgyk,a Fkhsa rks dqN lgkuqHkwfr
fn[kkus okys iq#"k HkhA dqN egt ,d ;k nks cSBdksa esa 'kkfey gq,
rks dqN tc eu esa vk;k] vk x,A ckdh cps yksxksa us ^eatjh* dks
eqdke ij ys tkus dk nkf;Ro vius da/kksa ij fy;kA ^eatjh* dk y{;
,d ,slk eap miyC/k djkuk gS tgka cqf)thfo;ksa dks mudh [kqjkd
feys rks 'kks/kdrkZvksa dh ftKklk 'kkar gksA fdz;kUo;u ds fy, cgl
vkSj rdZ ds jkLrs ges'kk [kqys jgsaA bfDoVh dh yxkrkj dksf'k'k jgh
gS 'kks/k vkSj fdz;kUo;u ds chp dh nwjh dks ikVukA ,sls esa gekjk
ekuuk gS fd 'kks/k rc rd vizklafxd gSa tc rd fd budk yksxksa
dh ftanxh vkSj muds fdz;kdykiksa ls tqM+ko u gksA Bhd blh rjg
flfoy lkslk;Vh ds rkSj ij vxj ge tehuh lPpkbZ ls okfdQ u
jgsa] ftuesa lkekftd izfdz;k,a vkSj ,sfrgkfld ewY;ksa dk lekos'k gS
vkSj tks lekt esa jgus okys yksxksa ds ewY;ksa vkSj muds pfj= dks
vkdkj nsrs gSa] rks fdlh Hkh dksf'k'k dk dksbZ eryc ugha jgrk gSA
^eatjh* ,d m|e gS] fdz;k'khyrk dks 'kks/k vk/kkfjr jpuk vkSj
vkykspuk d utfj;s ls ns[kus dk tks efgyk vf/kdkjksa d lkFk&lkFk
thou d gj iyw dks bafxr djA fu;fer xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa vkSj
vdknfed ra=ksa ls brj ^eatjh* jktuhfr vkSj vkn'kZokfnrk dks yka
dj lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd lq/kkjka dks lkaLd`frd laosnu'khyrk d vk/kkj ij ekirh gSA ^eatjh* mu reke dk;ZdrkZvksa]
fo}kuksa] f'k{kkfonksa] i=dkjka] ksQ'kuy] x`gf.k;ksa vkSj uhfr fu/kkZjdksa
}kjk i<+h tk,xh tks fdlh leL;k d fy, lek/kku vk/kkfjr uohu
n`f"V vkSj i`Fkd lksp j[krs gSaA ;g if=dk vius ikBdksa dks tsaMj
vk/kkfjr eqksa dks tSfod vkSj lkekftd vk/kkj ij ij[kus dh NwV
nsrh gSA O;fDr vkSj lekt dh fopkj/kkjk esa tsaMj dks ysdj D;k
cnyko vk;s vkSj mudk D;k vlj gqvk] bldh iwjh iM+rky djus
dh vktknh yksxksa dks gksxhA ;g if=dk ,d dksf'k'k gS iM+rky dh
o`fk dks txkus dh rkfd yksx rsth ls cnyrs vkSj fofo/krkvksa ls
Hkjs lekt esa ijwh {kerk ls dke djus dks rS;kj gks lda ftlesa
efgykvksa d fr HksnHkko Hkh ,d vge eqk gksxkA efgyk lekurk
vkSj vf/kdkjka ij ^eatjh* d n[ky ls mu cs'kqekj dk;ZdrkZvksa]
laxBuksa vkSj fo}tuksa dks Qk;nk gksxk tks ngst] ;kSu rkM+uk]
efgyk vf/kdkjka] efgyk vkj{k.k] vkfFkZd lq/kkj vkSj vYila[;d
leqnk;ksa d futh dkuwuksa esa #fp j[krs gSaA
if=dk dk edln
bfDoVh QkaM'ku [kqn dks lqfo/kkfoghu efgykvksa dks mudh iw.kZ {kerk
ls voxr djkus vkSj lekt esa mud fdz;k'khy qRo dks LFkkfir
djkus dh fn'kk esa okgd d rkSj ij ns[krk gSA ns'k d fodkl d
gj {ks= esa efgykvksa dh leku Hkkxhnkjh dh jk"Vh; uhfr rHkh lQy
gks ik,xh tc efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj mud ;ksxnku dks derj
vkadus okys laLFkku vkSj fopkjka dks grksRlkfr fd;k tk;s ;k mudk
iwjh rjg lQk;k fd;k tk;A ^eatjh* dh ifjdYiuk lekt vkSj
vFkZO;oLFkk esa efgykvksa d thou vkSj mud Lrj dks kfor djus
okys fopkjka d fuekZ.k] fodkl vkSj mud lkj d fy, dh x gSA
ckjgoha iapo"k; ;kstuk d ifjIkzs{; esa lekurk laca/kh eqksa dks bl
dkj lexz :i esa ns[kus dh t:jr gS tks vlekurk dh varjox;
fo'ks"krkvksa dks tkfgj dj ldA lekurk ij vk/kkfjr ^eatjh* d
T;knkrj vkys[k fUu&fUu lewgksa dks fu'kkus ij j[krs gSa tks dqN
gn rd csn t:jh Hkh gSA blfy, ;g if=dk dqN lewgksa d dqN
fo'ks"kkf/kdkjka d iw.kZ fu"dklu vkSj varjox; n`f"Vdks.kksa d LFkkiu
d chp fu;a=d dh Hkwfedk esa gksxh tks uhfr fu/kkZj.k vkSj ;kstukvksa
d fdz;kUo;u d nkSjku vlekurk dks mld reke Lo:iksa d lkFk
lkeus j[kus esa dkjxj gksxhA ,sls esa bldk edln ySafxd HksnHkko
d fuewZyu dh vksj og foospukRed ppkZ NM+us dk gS tks orZeku
ifjn`'; esa 'kks/kksa dk ,tsaMk r; dj ld vkSj ,d csgrj oSdfYid
Lrko dk l`tu dj ldA vc rd ;g laxBu dk;Z'kkyk] dkaQzsal
vkSj vU; lkoZtfud vk;kstuksa ds tfj;s viuh izfrc)rk n'kkZrk
jgk gS ysfdu vc bl if=dk ds ek/;e ls ;g {ks=h;] jk"Vzh; vkSj
varjjk"Vzh; vfrfFk ys[kdksa] ftuesa fo}tu] vf/koDrk] ljdkj]
i=dkj] fQYe fuekZrk] dfo vkSj lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ gSa] dks tksM+us
dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA
V
gekjh ckr
laikndh;
laj{k.k
i|Jh Mk- m"kk fdj.k [kku
[;kr ysf[kdk ,oa lkfgR;dkj
ef.kdkar Bkdqj
[;kr i=dkj
izk-s Hkkjrh ,l- dqekj
ksQl
j lsok- bfrgkl] iVuk
fofo
Mk- js.kq jatu
ksQl
j lsok-] lekt 'kk
iVuk fofo
ks- Mth ukjk;.k
ksQl
j] bfrgkl] iVuk fofo
ijke'kZ
euh"k dqekj
C;wjk phQ] ,u-Mh-Vh-oh- fcgkj
dhfrZ
us'kuy dksvkWfMZuV
s j] dSjhVkl
(CARITAS)
^^;fn gesa nqfu;k dks okLro esa 'kkafr dk ikB i<+kuk gS vkSj ;fn
ge lpeqp gh ;q) ds fo#) ;q) yM+uk pkgrs gSa rks gesa 'kq#vkr
cPpksa ls djuh gksxhA**&egkRek xka/kh
cPPks bl lalkj ds lcls vueksy jRu vkSj csgrj Hkfo"; dh mEehn
gSaA ,sls esa balku dh mUufr vkSj vkcknh dh xq.koRrk dks vkSj
fu[kkjus ds fy, cPPkksa dk thou] mudh lqj{kk vkSj fodkl
lqfuf'pr djuk iwoZ fu/kkZfjr 'krsZa gSaA ;s fdlh jk"Vz ds Hkfo"; vkSj
y{; dks lh/ks&lh/ks izHkkfor djrh gSaA ;gh otg gS fd nqfu;k ds
leLr ns'kksa us pkgs os fodflr gksa ;k fodkl ds jkLrs ij gksa] cPPkksa dh lqj{kk vkSj mudk
fodkl djus dk iz.k fy;k gSA ;wukbVsM us'ku dUosa'ku vkWu fn jkbV~l vkWQ fn pkbYM
(lhvkjlh] 1989) vkSj feysfu;e MsoyiesaV xksy us cPpksa dk fgr lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,
dbZ funsZ'k vkSj mik; r; fd;s gSaA blds lkFk&lkFk dbZ varjjk"Vzh; laf/k;ka Hkh dh xbZ gSa
ftuesa yxHkx lHkh ns'k Hkkxhnkj gSaA varjjk"Vzh; Lrj dh uhfr;ksa vkSj fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ls
izHkkfor gksdj vyx&vyx ns'kksa us LFkkuh; Lrj ij Hkh ,slh dbZ ;kstukvksa vkSj dk;Zdzeksa
dks viuk;k gS ftuds }kjk cPpksa ds fy, vuqdwy ekgkSy rS;kj fd;k tk ldsA blh dk
ifj.kke gS fd dbZ ns'kksa us cPPkksa ds dY;k.k ds jkLrs dh ck/kkvksa dks nwj dj felky dk;e
dh gSA gkykafd bu iz;klksa ds chp reke izdkj ds HksnHkko vkSj fHkUurk,a gkWyekdZ ds :i
esa dk;e jghaA bruh dksf'k'kksa ds ckn tgka fodflr ns'k y{;ksa dks iwjk djds cgqr vkxs
fudy x, ogha fodkl'khy ns'k vHkh Hkh vius y{;ksa ls cgqr nwj gSaA blds ihNs dbZ izdkj
ds dkj.k gSa ftuesa iz'kkldh; ls ysdj dk;ZLrj vkSj ns'k dh ekStwnk fLFkfr rd
'kkfey gSaA
nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh 40 Qhln vkcknh 18 lky ls de mez dh gS tks dqy feykdj
djhc vk/kk fcfy;u rd gksrh gSaA izek.kksa vkSj nLrkostksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd nf{k.k ,f'k;k
ds ns'kksa us cPpksa ds izfr viuh izfrc)rk dks iwjk djus esa cgqr gn rd dke;kch ikbZ gS
vkSj ekuo fodkl esa viuh miyfC/k dks ysdj mUgsa xfoZr gksuk pkfg,A vkt cPpksa dh
fLFkfr ,d n'kd igys dh mudh fLFkfr ls dgha T;knk vPNh gSA T;knk ls T;knk cPps
LoLFk gSa vkSj vius ikapos tUefnu dks euk ik jgs gSaA f'k{kk rd mudh igqap gS vkSj viuh
fiNyh ih<+h dh rqyuk esa Hkfo"; dks ysdj os vf/kd vk'kkoku gSaA tgka rd nf{k.k ,f'k;k
esa cky vf/kdkjksa dk ekeyk gS rks oks ,d vksj oS/kkfud rFkk uhfrijd izfrc)rkvksa ij
fuHkZj gS rks nwljh vksj oS'ohdj.k dh izfdz;k ds urhtksa ijA cPpksa ds dY;k.k dh fn'kk esa
reke miyfC/k;ksa ds ckn Hkh iwjh nqfu;k vkSj ;g {ks= HksnHkko] dkuwuksa ds mYya?ku rFkk
vHkkoksa ds chp [kM+k gS ftls gtkjksa cPps vkt Hkh >sy jgs gSaA
dqy feykdj tks vkadM+s gSa os cPpksa ls tqM+s ekeyksa vkSj muds mYya?ku dh vksj
b'kkjk djrs gSaA bl {ks= ds dbZ ns'kksa us f'k'kq ,oa cky e`R;q nj dks de djus esa vPNh
lQyrk ikbZ gSA fQj Hkh feysfu;e MsoyiesaV xksy vHkh nwj gSA fiNys rhu n'kd esa nf{k.k
,f'k;k esa ikap lky ls de mez ds cPpksa dh e`R;q nj dkQh de gqbZ gS] tks fd cky dY;k.k
ds fy, lcls t:jh gS] fQj Hkh ;g {ks= cPpksa ds laiw.kZ fgr dh xkjaVh ugha ns ikrk gSA
vkfFkZd {ks= esa mYYks[kuh; foLrkj ds ckn Hkh ;g {ks= nqfu;k esa dqiksf"kr cPpksa dh lcls
T;knk la[;k ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA nqfu;k ds vk/ks ls T;knk dqikf"kr cPPks blh {ks= ls
vkrs gSaA NksVs dn vkSj de otu ds cPps ;gka vke gSa ftlds dbZ dkj.k gSaA buesa xHkkZoLFkk
esa] izlo ds nkSjku rFkk izlo ds ckn tPpk&cPpk dh ns[kHkky esa gksus okyh ykijokgh rd
'kkfey gSaA blh rjg f'k{kk ds ekspsZ ij Hkh bl {ks= us dkQh izxfr dh gS vkSj T;knk ls
T;knk cPPkksa dk Ldwyksa esa ukekadu djok;k tk ldk gS] ckotwn blds nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa
nqfu;k ds 35 Qhln cPps Ldwy ls ckgj gSa (;wfulsQ 2007)A bl {ks= ds dqN fgLlksa esa
V
gekjh ckr
eq[; laiknd
uhuk JhokLro
laiknd
nhfidk >k
'kks/k
uhuk JhokLro
nhfidk >k
ca/ku@O;oLFkk
jkgqy dqekj
dk'ku
bfDoVh QkmaM' ku
lg;ksx
lq/kk M;jh
ikojfxzM dkikZjs 's ku
n vkWQlsVj] iVuk
caly VwVksfj;y] iVuk
lst ifCyd'ku
thod gkVZ gkWLihVy] iVuk
dujk cSd
a
w"k.k baVjus'kuy] iVuk
gkWfLiVks bafM;k] iVuk
laidZ
bfDoVh QkmaM' ku
123 ,] ikVyhiq= dkWyksuh
iVuk] 13
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bfDoVh QkmaM' ku
Ldwyksa esa ySafxd HksnHkko vkSj MzkWi vkmV vHkh Hkh cgqr T;knk gSaA blds vykok ;g {ks=
cPPkksa ds lkFk gksus okys HksnHkko] 'kkjhfjd rFkk ;kSu mRihM+u ds fy, dq[;kr gSA dksbZ mez]
fyax vkSj LFkku cPPkksa ds fy, lqjf{kr ugha gSA tUe ls ysdj fd'kksjkoLFkk rd pkgs oks
Ldwy gks] ?kj] dksbZ laLFkk ;k lekt gks] cPpksa ds f[kykQ vijk/k gj txg ekStwn gSA dbZ
ckj rFkkdfFkr j{kd gh Hk{kd cu dj lkeus vkrs gSaA ;|fi fd cPpksa ds f[kykQ gksus
okys vijk/k vkSj mRihM+u ds okLrfod vkadM+s ekStwn ugha gSa] fQj Hkh fjiksVZ vkSj v/;;u
;s crkrs gSa fd vkt Hkh gtkjksa cPPks LVzhV fpYMzsu ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSa] gtkjksa cPPkksa
dh rLdjh dh tkrh gS] lSdM+ksa cPpksa dks ;kSu mRihM+u] ;q)] cky fookg vkSj ca/kqvk etnwjh
dk f'kdkj cuuk iM+rk gSA nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa 5 ls 14 lky ds djhc 43 fefy;u cPps
etnwjh djus dks foo'k gSaA lkekftd ;kstukvksa ds vHkko esa gtkjksa cPpksa dks vius vf/kdkjksa
ls oafpr jguk iM+rk gSA vius {ks=ksa ls tcju gVk, tkus rFkk vkfFkZd izoklu ds dkj.k
mUgsa xfy;ksa esa jgus dks etcwj dj fn;k tkrk gSA ns'k dh lhek esa vkSj mlls ckgj u
tkus fdrus gh cPpksa dk O;kikj fd;k tkrk gS tcfd ikVZ Vkbe vkSj Qqy Vkbe etnwjh
djus okys cPPkksa dh la[;k Hkh fnuksa&fnu c<+rh tk jgh gSA gekjk lekt viuh Hkkoh ih<+h
ds lkFk gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ds izfr vka[ksa ewandj ugha cSBk jg ldrk gSA
^eatjh&L=h ds eu dh* dk cPPkksa ij vk/kkfjr ;g vad mudh ekStwnk fLFkfr dks
mtkxj djus dk ,d iz;kl gS tks eq[; :i ls cPpksa ds thou] fodkl] lqj{kk vkSj
vf/kdkjksa ls tqM+s i{kksa dks lkeus j[krk gSA blesa lq>koksa ds tfj;s dfe;ksa ds iqy dks ikVus
dh Hkh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS tks cPpksa ds fy, ubZ nqfu;k dk fuekZ.k dj ldrk gSA os cPps
tks eklwfe;r] vktknh] [kq'kh] vkuan vkSj izse dk i;kZ; gSaA
uhuk JhokLro
eatjh
vfrfFk laiknd
dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ
cky etnwjksa dh eqfDr ds fy,
LFkkfir cpiu cpkvks vkanksyu ds
laLFkkid rFkk vius dk;ksZa ds fy,
o"kZ 2015 esa izfrf"Br ukscsy 'kkafr
iqjLdkj ls lEekfurA mUgsa ;g
lEeku yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ds fy,
vkokt cqyan djus okyha eykyk
;wlqQtbZ ds lkFk lk>k :i ls
iznku fd;k x;k FkkA 1980 esa
viuh LFkkiuk ds ckn ls cpiu
cpkvks vkanksyu 80 gtkj ls
T;knk cPpksa dks etnwjh vkSj
'kks"k.k ls vktknh fnyk pqdk gSA
vkt iwjh nqfu;k] varjjk"Vzh; ehfM;k vkSj usrk] vkradokn dh leL;k ij my>s gSaA eSa vius vki
ls iwNrk gwa fd gfFk;kjksa&ceksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj QwM iSdsVksa ij rks ge fdruk gh iSlk cgk jgs gSa
ysfdu vkradokn ds na'k ls fucVus ds fy, D;ksa ughaA vxj geus vQxkfuLrku ds yksxksa esa vFkZiw.kZ
f'k{kk ds izlkj ds fy, FkksM+h lh jkf'k [kpZ dh gksrh rks ogka rkfycku vkSj vkrad ds dSai dHkh
flj ugha mBk ikrsA
dqN le; igys dk lp ;g Fkk fd vki rc rd 'kkafr ls ugha lks ldrs tc rd
vkidk iM+kslh Hkw[kk gks] ysfdu vkt ds le; dh lPPkkbZ ;g gS fd vki rc rd 'kkafr ls dke
ugha dj ldrs ;k th ugha ldrs tc rd vkidk iM+kslh vf'kf{kr gSA ge Kku iwathokn ds ;qx
esa th jgs gSaA oS'ohdj.k us nqfu;k dks dbZ igyqvksa ls voxr djk;k gS ysfdu lkFk gh blus
rkdr dh ,d ,slh frdM+h dk Hkh fuekZ.k fd;k gS ftlesa jkT; dh 'kfDr] cktkj vkSj Kku ,d
lkFk ca/ks gq, gSaA nqfu;k ds lcls xjhc yksx ftl dsoy ,d gfFk;kj dk bLrseky dj ldrs gSa
og gS Kku dh 'kfDr] f'k{kk dh 'kfDrA f'k{kk dks ,d dk;Zdze] izkstsDV] lekt dY;k.k ds mik;]
,d pSfjVh ;k fQj lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh ,d tulsok dk;Z ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu
mu cPPkksa ds fy, ftuds lkFk eSa jgrk vkSj dke djrk gwa vkSj tks xqykeh] os';ko`fRr ds f'kdkj
gSa] ftUgsa tkuojksa dh rjg [kjhnk vkSj cspk tkrk gS vkSj ftuesa ls dbZ xqyke ds rkSj ij gh tUe
ysrs gSa D;ksafd muds ekrk&firk ca/kqvk gksrs gSa] f'k{kk vktknh dh pkch gSA dbZ ckj f'k{kk ftanxh
ds leku gSA
f'ko 'kadj ds ekeys esa cgqr nsj gks xbZ FkhA og ubZ fnYyh esa ?kjsyw ukSdj ds rkSj ij
dke djrk FkkA ckjg lky dk f'ko 'kadj dHkh Ldwy ugha tk ik;k FkkA og ca/kqvk FkkA mlls
fnu&jkr dke djok;k tkrk Fkk ysfdu dke ds cnys dHkh ixkj ugha nh tkrh FkhA mls u dsoy
ekjk&ihVk tkrk Fkk cfYd ;kSu 'kks"k.k Hkh fd;k tkrk FkkA ,d fnu nksigj dks mldh eka dks
crk;k x;k fd f'ko 'kadj chekj gSA ysfdu tc og csVs ds ekfyd ds ikl igqaph rks ogka mls
flQZ csVs dh yk'k gh feyhA LFkkuh; iqfyl vkSj ekfyd us f'ko 'kadj ds firk jkes'oj ls lkns
dkxt ij tcju vaxwBs dk fu'kku yxok fy;kA ykpkj firk us csVs dh ekSr dh tkap dh xqgkj
yxkbZ ysfdu lc csdkjA esjs laxBu us bl ekeys dks mBk;k vkSj ekfyd dks dkuwu ds ?ksjs esa
ykus ds fy, iqfyl Fkkus ds lkeus izn'kZu fd;kA tc ge f'ko 'kadj dh yk'k dks vafre laLdkj
ds fy, ysdj x, rks eSustj us cPPks ds firk dks ,d QkeZ Hkjus ds fy, fn;k vkSj ml ij gLrk{kj
djus ds fy, dgkA jkes'oj us QkeZ ij vaxwBs dk fu'kku yxk;k vkSj QQd iM+kA mlus crk;k
fd tc mlds csVs dks dke ij j[kk x;k Fkk rc ekfyd us mlls dbZ dkxtksa ij vaxwBs dk
fu'kku fy;k FkkA ml le; Hkh tc yk'k dks ekfyd ds ?kj ls mBk;k x;k Fkk vkSj rc Hkh tc
mls vLirky ds eqnkZ?kj ls ys tk;k x;k FkkA bl ekeys esa geus ik;k fd cPPks dks ukSdjh ij
j[kus okys ekfyd us iqfyl dh enn ls dbZ QthZ ,fQMsfoV djok j[ks Fks tks U;k; feyus dh
laHkkoukvksa dks lekIr dj nsrs FksA jkes'oj us ekuk fd vxj mlds cPps dks fy[kuk vkrk rks
ftank jgrs og gesa vius ckjs esa crk ldrk Fkk ;k vxj eSa gh i<+k&fy[kk gksrk rks vius cPPks dks
ekSr ds eqag esa tkus ls cpk ldrk FkkA f'ko 'kadj ds fy, nsj t:j gks xbZ ysfdu mlds NksVs
HkkbZ&cguksa ds fy, ugha] f'k{kk gh mUgsa muds nqHkkZX; ls cpk ldrh gSA
,uh ds fy, vHkh Hkh cgqr nsj ugha gqbZ gSA mldh cM+h cgu iSfVzf'k;k dks mlds ekfydksa us euhyk ds ,d jsM ykbV ,fj;k esa csp fn;k FkkA fd'kksj o; dh iSfVzf'k;k dks viuh 'kke
xzkgdksa ls lkFk fcrkuh iM+rh gSA iSfVzf'k;k us eq>s crk;k fd eSa vius lius dks iwjk djus ds fy,
iSls tek dj jgh gwaA eSa pkgrh gwa fd esjh NksVh cgu Ldwy tk; u fd ukbV Dycksa esaA f'ko
'kadj vkSj ,uh ds HkkbZ&cguksa ds fy, f'k{kk vktknh vkSj [kq'kh dk lcc gSA vxj eSa bls ysdj
dksbZ rRijrk ugha txk ik;k rks eSa mu cPPkksa ds izfr bZekunkj ugha gks ikmaxk ftuds fy, eSa dke
eatjh
vfrfFk laiknd
djrk gwa] vkSj tks gj fnu&gj iy ej jgs gSaA eSa muds liuksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dh ekSr dk xokg
jgk gwaA
djhc vk/kh lnh igys ;wfuolZy fMDysjs'ku vkWQ g~;wesu jkbV~l esa f'k{kk dks ekuo
vf/kdkj ds rkSj ij Lohdkj fd;k x;k FkkA dUosa'ku vkWu n jkbV~l vkWQ pkbYM ij lgefr
trkus okys 191 ns'kksa us Hkh bls Li"V :i ls fcuk HksnHkko ds feyus okyk vf/kdkj ekuk Fkk tcfd
nkdkj dk;Z;kstuk ds rgr bls ,d ckj fQj ls iq"V fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu Xykscy dSaisu QkWj
,tqds'ku ds rgr dke djus okys eSa vkSj esjs lkFkh bls ,d csgn xaHkhj vkSj tfVy leL;k ds
:i esa ns[krs gSaA tc ge vU; ekuo vf/kdkjksa ij dke djrs gSa rks gekjh j.kuhfr] e'khujh vkSj
rjhdk cgqr vyx gksrk gS vkSj blfy, mu ij ge le>kSrk ugha djrs gSaA ysfdu tc ckr f'k{kk
ds vf/kdkj dh gksrh gS rks lalk/kuksa vkSj vk/kkjHkwr lajpukvksa ls tqM+s varghu cgkus ge <wa< ysrs
gSa] D;k ;s ,d etkd ugha gS \ f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dks Hkh le>kSrk jfgr gksuk pkfg,A vxj ge
f'k{kk dks dY;k.k ds ,d mik; ds :i esa ns[krs gSa rks xq.koRRkk iw.kZ f'k{kk dsoy mu yksxksa rd
lhfer gks tk,xh tks mldk Hkqxrku dj ldrs gSa] xjhc cPPkksa rd bldh igqap lhfer gks tk,xhA
blds vykok vkfFkZd ck/kk,a vkSj jktuhfrd izkFkfedrk,a jkT; vkSj dsUnz nksuksa Lrj ij cTkV
vkoaVu dks izHkkfor djrh gh jgsaxhA lkFk gh lkFk varjjk"Vzh; nkunkrkvksa dh ?kVrh la[;k vkSj
lkekftd [kpsZ dks ckf/kr djrha 'krsZa izkjafHkd f'k{kk esa fuos'k dks gj izdkj ls jksdrh gSaA
nqHkkZX;o'k ge vHkh Hkh fu%'kqYd vkSj xq.koRrkiw.kZ f'k{kk dks vf/kdkj ds :i esa ugha ns[krs
gSaA f'k{kk dks iwjh nqfu;k esa lEekutud vf/kdkj ds :i esa LFkkfir djus ds fy, dqN 'krksZa dk
gksuk csgn t:jh gS %
1- vke yksxksa dk etcwr #>kuA esjs fopkj ls lcls t:jh pht jktuhfrd bPNk'kfDr tkx`r
dj mls cuk, j[kuk gS ftlds tfj;s ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldsA
ehfM;k] yksd lwpukvksa] LFkkuh; fudk;ksa] /kkfeZd laLFkkvksa] VzsM ;wfu;uksa] f'k{kdksa vkSj ,uthvks dk
mRlkgtud ;ksxnku vR;ar t:jh gSA ;s t:jh ugha fd ,slk dsoy ljdkj gh djs cfYd f'k{kk
ds fy, lefiZr gj balku ;s dke dj ldrk gSA
2- LFkkuh;] ftyk ;k fQj jk"Vzh;] gj Lrj ij fgLlsnkjksa dh Hkkxhnkjh O;kid] xaHkhj] okLrfod
vkSj LFkk;h gksuh pkfg,A dbZ ns'kksas esa ljdkjsa ukxfjd lektksa dks vius vkykspd ds :i esa ikrh
gSa rks dbZ ns'kksa esa ,sls laxBu f'kfFky vkSj detksj gSaA laiw.kZ tkudkjh] mRRkjnkf;Ro vkSj yacs
le; ds fy, leUo; ds lkFk dke djus dh rkdr ds vHkko esa muls T;knk dqN dh mEehn Hkh
ugha dh tk ldrh gSA
3- jk"Vzh; ,oa varjjk"Vzh; Lrj ij lalk/kuksa dk Li"V vkoaVu vkSj mudh leqfpr fuxjkuh gksuh
pkfg,A vPNh lksp] igy vkSj ;kstukvksa dks ,tqds'ku QkWj vkWy izksxzke ds tfj;s lkeus yk;k
tkuk pkfg,A ;fn mUgsa le; ij iksf"kr ugha fd;k x;k vkSj mi;qDr Lrj ij mudk bLrseky
ugha fd;k x;k rks os viuk mRlkg vkSj #fp [kks nsaxsA
4- cky Je dks lekIr djus ds fy, okLrfod izfrc)rk vkSj dk;Zi)fr dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg,A
Xykscy ekpZ vkanksyu ds Hkkxhnkj gksus ds ukrs ge ekurs gSa fd fu%'kqYd vkSj xq.koRrkiw.kZ f'k{kk
cky Je dks lekIr djus dh fn'kk esa lcls izHkko'kkyh mik; gks ldrh gSA cPPkksa ds :i esa lcls
lLrk vkSj vklkuh ls feyus okyk Je fu;ksDrkvksa ds yksHk dks c<+krk gS rks ogha xjhc vkSj vf'kf{kr
ekrk&firk vklkuh ls muds >wBs izyksHku dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA ,sls esa cky Je dks feVkus ds
fy, ,d Li"V vkSj le;c) j.kuhfr cuk, tkus dh t:jr gSA
5- ,tqds'ku QkWj vkWy izksxzke dh leqfpr fuxjkuh ds fy, gj ftyk] ns'k vkSj jk"Vz ds Lrj ij
ftEesnkj ra= dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;s ra= O;kid Hkkxhnkjh] ikjnf'kZrk vkSj nkf;Ro ds
lkFk rS;kj fd;s tkus pkfg,A ijarq bls dsoy ckgj ls gh izHkkoh u gksdj gj Lrj ij izHkkoh gksrs
gq, varjjk"Vzh; fuxjkuh laLFkk ls lac) gksuk pkfg,A
6- vk/kkjHkwr f'k{kk izkIr djus ls oafpr jgs ekrk&firkvksa rFkk vfHkHkkodksa dh f'kdk;rksa dks lquus
ds fy, ,d ra= dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A gesa bl ckr dks Lohdkj djus esa dksbZ f>>d
ugha gksuh pkfg, fd gekjs ns'k esa vHkh Hkh ,slh dbZ lkekftd&lkaLd`frd ck/;rk,a rFkk yM+fd;ksa
,pvkbZoh ihfM+rksa rFkk vU; oafpr lewgksa ds izfr HksnHkkoiw.kZ ekufldrk fo|eku gS tks lHkh cPpksa
eatjh
vfrfFk laiknd
fp= % xouZsalVqMs-dks-bu
dks Ldwyksa rd igqapus ls jksdrs gSaA ;fn cPps vkSj vfHkHkkod f'k{kk dks ekSfyd ekuokf/kdkj ds :i
esa ns[kuk pkgrs gSa rks bldh ftEesnkjh ges'kk xkao ds f'k{kdksa ij gh ugha Mkyh tk ldrh vkSj u
gh iqfyl rFkk vnkyr gh bls iwjh rjg eqdke ij igqapk ldrs gSa cfYd blds fy, vU; laLFkkvksa
dks Hkh 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj lalk/kuksa ls ;qDr cukuk gksxkA
7- fofHkUu ea=ky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa ds chp Bksl] <kapkxr vkSj yxkrkj leUo; rFkk laokn cus jguk
t:jh gS tks f'k{kk dks izHkkfor djus okys vyx&vyx lsDVjksa (;Fkk] foRr] Je] fyax] lekt
dY;k.k vkfn) ls lac) gksaA blds vykok ukxfjd lektksa rFkk la;qDr jk"Vz dh ,tsafl;ksa dk Hkh
yxkrkj lrdZ cus jguk vko';d gSA
bu reke t:jrksa ds ckn Hkh tks lcls ekSfyd loky gS oks ;s gS fd ;kstukvksa ds cu
tkus ds ckn D;k gksxk \ vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; dks"k ds xBu ds ckn Hkh fcuk fuxjkuh ds D;k gks
ik,xk \ ;gka eSa dqN etcwr oSdfYid fuxjkuh rFkk izorZu ra= ds ckjs esa crkuk pkgwaxkA bl eqn~ns
dks ekuokf/kdkj ds dks.k ls le>us ds fy, gesa mu ekWMyksa rFkk vuqHkoksa dk v/;;u djuk gksxk
tks ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh cgkyh ds fy, nf{k.k vQzhdk vkSj czkthy tSls ns'kksa us viuk;k gSA gekjs
ikl igys ls gh l'kDr jk"Vzh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx gS tks vf/kdkjksa dks lkekftd&lkaLd`frd i{kksa
ds ek/;e ls ykxw djok ldrs gSaA ns'k esa blds tSlk gh ,d jk"Vzh; f'k{kk vk;ksx Hkh xfBr fd;k
tkuk pkfg, ftlds tfj;s fofHkUu ,tsafl;ka lcds fy, f'k{kk tSls dk;Zdzeksa dks ykxw djok ldsaA
;g vk;ksx vf/kd`r gks rFkk ekStwnk dkuwuksa] laoS/kkfud izko/kkuksa ,oa varjjk"Vzh; le>kSrksa dks ykxw
djokus esa l{ke gksA iz/kkuea=h ;k jk"Vzifr }kjk vknsf'kr ;g vk;ksx pkj eq[; vaxksa ls ;qDr gks]
U;kf;d] ea=ky;ksa o foHkkxksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa] flfoy lkslkbVh rFkk Lora= fo'ks"kKA ;g vk;ksx lcds
fy, f'k{kk tSls dk;Zdzeksa dks thfor j[kus esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA
f'k{kk dks vf/kdkj ds :i esa ifj.kr djus ds fy, fd;s tkus okys dk;ksZa dks dkuwuh <kaps
esa ykuk mruk gh t:jh gS ftruk fd bls fodkl dk eqn~nk cukukA blds fy, t:jh gS fd ,sls
vk;ksxksa dk usr`Ro lqizhe dksVZ ds fdlh orZeku ;k iwoZ tt djsa ftudk p;u jkT; vFkok ns'k dk
izeq[k djsA eSa ,d ckj fQj dguk pkgwaxk fd bl ra= dh flQkfj'k djus ds ihNs esjk mn~ns';
vk;ksxksa ds dk;ksZa vkSj muds urhtksa dks vf/kd mRlkgtud cukuk gSA lcds fy, f'k{kk ,d jk"Vz
vk/kkfjr dk;Zdze gS blfy, mi&jk"Vz rFkk ftyk Lrj ij blds fy, gjlaHko iz;kl fd;k tkuk
csgn t:jh gSA blds fy, eSa f'k{kk ij ,d ftykLrjh; fuxjkuh desVh cukus dk izLrko j[kwaxkA
;g desVh Hkh ftyk Lrj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds leUo; ij vk/kkfjr gksuh pkfg, ftlesa vfHkHkkodksa]
xzkeh.k usr`Ro] ukxfjd lektksa ds izfrfuf/k vkSj f'k{kdksa dks LFkku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A bl desVh
dk usr`Ro ftykf/kdkjh dks djuk pkfg, vkSj bldk eq[; edln tehuh Lrj ij lcds fy, f'k{kk
dk;Zdze dh fuxjkuh gksuk pkfg,A
eq>s ns'k ds vke yksxksa] fgLlsnkjksa] vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj ,uthvks izfrfuf/k;ksa ls O;fDrxr :i
ls feyus dk ekSdk feyk Fkk tc esjs laxBu us f'k{kk ds fy, jk"VzO;kih ekpZ esa f'kjdr dh FkhA
bl nkSjku tks lcls mRlkgtud ckr lkeus vkbZ og Fkh xjhc yksxksa ds eu esa f'k{kk ikus dh
I;kl vxj oks okdbZ fu%'kqYd vkSj mi;ksxh gksA bl eqn~ns ls lac) T;knkrj yksx vkSj laxBu
vDlj f'k{kk dh xq.koRrk vkSj yksxksa ds izn'kZu dh f'kdk;r djrs gSa ysfdu ;g irk yxkuk csgn
eqf'dy gS fd D;k os okdbZ leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy, la?k"kZjr gksrs gSa\ T;knkrj yksx u rks
ctV ds ckjs esa tkurs gSa vkSj u gh mUgsa miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk dksbZ Kku gksrk gSA mUgsa vius ftys
esa izkjafHkd f'k{kk ij gksus okys [kpZ rd ds ckjs esa irk ugha gksrk gSA bldk ;g eryc ugha gS
fd mUgsa leL;k esa dksbZ #fp ugha gS cfYd muds ikl mfpr eap ekStwn ugha gksrkA os leL;k ls
voxr gksrs gSa ysfdu mUgsa ;g irk ugha gksrk fd bls fdl eap ij mBk;k tkuk pkfg,A bl
fLFkfr esa ftyk fuxjkuh desVh lgh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gS tks lcds fy, f'k{kk dk;Zdze ds y{;ksa
dks ;kn j[kus ds lkFk&lkFk vk; ds Jksrksa vkSj [kpksZa] nksuksa ij fuxjkuh j[k ldrh gSA eSa bl
ckr ij Hkh tksj nsuk pkgwaxk fd blesa cgqr T;knk jkf'k Hkh O;; ugha gksxhA desVh dks fu;fer
varjky ij cSBdksa dk vk;kstu dj bldh leh{kk fjiksVZ jk"Vzh; f'k{kk vk;ksx dks Hkstuh pkfg,A
vke turk ds lg;ksx ds fcuk ge izHkko'kkyh jktuhfrd bPNk'kfDr Hkh ugha ik ldrsA
;g t:jh ugha fd dsoy jk"Vzifr] iz/kkuea=h ;k ljdkj dk dksbZ mPp inkf/kdkjh gh lcds fy,
eatjh
vfrfFk laiknd
f'k{kk dk;Zdze dks lkdkj :i iznku dj ldrk gS cfYd ;g dksbZ lk/kkj.k lk vf'kf{kr O;fDr Hkh
gks ldrk gS tks yksxksa esa fy[kus&i<+us ds fy, tkx:drk iSnk dj nsA ;s 'kCn esjs ugha gSa cfYd
ml dkyw dh Hkkouk,a gSa tks mlus vesfjdh jk"Vzifr fcy fDyaVu ds lkeus O;Dr dh FkhA fDyaVu
dk ifjp; nsus dh t:jr ugha gS ysfdu dkyw Hkkjr ds ,d xkao dk 14 lky dk cPpk Fkk tks
ehyksa nwj ,d cqukbZ dkj[kkus esa ca/kqvk etnwjh djus dks foo'k FkkA mls vius eka&cki ls feyus
dh btktr ugha Fkh vkSj mlds fy, fnu&jkr ,d leku FksA eka dh ;kn vkus ij mls tkuojksa
dh rjg ihVk tkrk FkkA dkyw dks esjs laxBu us eqDr djk;k Fkk vkSj mldk nkf[kyk xkao ds ,d
Ldwy esa djk;k FkkA rh{.k cqf) dk dkyw d{kk esa izFke vk;k vkSj mls iwoZ jk"Vzifr fcy fDyaVu
ls feyus dk ekSdk feyk tc os Hkkjr nkSjs ij FksA dkyw us Jh fDyaVu ls dgk fd os mlds tSls
cPPkksa dh vktknh vkSj f'k{kk ds fy, vkSj dke djsaA Jh fDyaVu us viuh vleFkZrk trkrs gq, dkyw
dks crk;k fd dqN eghuksa ckn os jk"Vzifr ugha jgsaxsA bl ij dkyw us vuk;kl gh dg fn;k Fkk
^^lj] f'k{kk iznku djus ds fy, vesfjdk dk jk"Vzifr gksuk t:jh ugha gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh
Hkh {kerk ds lkFk dke dj ldrk gSA** dkyw ds ;s 'kCn pqukSrh gSa mu lHkh ds fy, tks cgkus
ryk'krs jgrs gSaA f'k{kk esa le>kSrk ugha gks ldrk vkSj ;g ml gj O;fDr dk vf/kdkj gS ftlus
bl /kjrh ij tUe fy;k gSA
dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ
;g vkys[k isfjl esa o"kZ 2001 esa gq, ^gkbZ ysoy xzqi vkWu ,tqds'ku QkWj vkWy* lfeV esa Jh lR;kFkhZ ds lacks/ku dk va'k gSA
V
vuqdzef.kdk
nRrd
J)katfy
ladYiuk
nhfidk >k
gekjh ckr
xq#dqy
& laikndh;
vfrfFk laiknd
iwtk voLFkh
fo'ks"kK
dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ
ifjHkk"kk
isjV
as y iz's kj
fcgkj dk gky
'kksek ,- pVthZ
csxqukg
cky Je
#fpdk fuxe
pkbYM ctfVax
Jksr
http://www.childlineindia.org.in
http://www.thehindu.com
Ministry of statistics and Programme Implementation
Government of India
http://www.friendsofsbt.org
http://haqcrc.org
https://ourkidscenter.com
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
http://infochangeindia.org
Study on Child Abuse: India 2007
http://www.safeshores.org
http://indianexpress.com
eatjh
ifjHkk"kk
^^;fn ge LFkk;h 'kkafr LFkkfir djuk pkgrs gSa rks gesa cPpksa ls
'kq#vkr djuh gksxhA** laiw.kZrk esa ns'k dh jpuk dk LoIu ns[kus
okys ckiw bl ckr dks vPNh rjg tkurs Fks fd tc rd ns'k dk
cPpk&cPPkk Lora= ugha gksxk rc rd vktknh v/kwjh jgsxhA mUgksaus
gj mez] fyax vkSj oxZ ds fy, vktknh dk liuk ns[kk FkkA oSls Hkh
ftl ns'k dh vkcknh dk ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk viuh ckY;koLFkk
(0&14 lky) esa gks ogka dh gj uhfr vkSj dkuwu dk y{; bl cM+h
vkcknh dk laj{k.k vkSj lao)Zu gksuk pkfg,A
,d cPps dk thou pdz mldh mRrjthfork] fodkl vkSj
lqj{kk ds tfj;s iwjk gksrk gSA mRrjthfork dk vFkZ cPpksa dks lqjf{kr
tUe ysus vkSj lEeku ds lkFk LOkLFk thou thus dk vf/kdkj izkIr
gksuk gSA nqHkkZX;o'k vleku fyax vuqikr] mPp f'k'kq e`R;qnj vkSj
ySafxd HksnHkko tSls dkjd lHkh cPpksa ds thus ds vf/kdkj dks ckf/kr
D;k gS esjh
igpku
fp= % ,DliVZcsdkWu-dkWe
djrs gSaA blh rjg Hkkstu dh deh vkSj dqiks"k.k mUgsa csgrj LokLF;
ds vf/kdkj ls nwj djrs gSa rks fgalk] 'kks"k.k vkSj nqOZ;ogkj cPpksa ds
lEeku ij dqBkjk?kkr djrs gSaA
;wa rks Lora=rk ds ckn ls gh gekjs ns'k ds dkuwu fuekZrkvksa
us cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj ltxrk fn[kkbZ gSA lafo/kku us Hkh
muds fgrksa dks loksZifj j[krs gq, fn'kk&funsZ'k tkjh fd;s gSaA
ckydksa ds tUe ls ysdj muds fd'kksjkoLFkk rd igqapus vkSj fQj
o;Ld gksus rd gj Lrj ij mudh nSfgd vkSj euksoSKkfud t:jrksa
dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, uhfr;ksa vkSj dkuwuksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
fdarq dqN vlko/kkfu;ksa vkSj yphysiu ds dkj.k dkuwu Hkax djus
okyksa ds fy, mudk mYya?ku djuk vklku gks x;k gSA blesa lcls
cM+h ck/kk gS cPpksa ls tqM+s dkuwuksa esa mudh ifjHkk"kk dk leku u
gksukA cPpksa dh mez r; djrs le; gj dkuwu esa vyx&vyx ckr
eatjh
ifjHkk"kk
dks ysrs le; cPPks ds fgr dks lcls mij j[kk tkuk
pkfg,A tc o;Ld fu.kZ; ysrs gSa rks mUgsa bl ckr ij
fopkj djuk pkfg, fd bldk cPpksa ij fdruk vlj
gksxkA
thus] thfor jgus vkSj fodflr gksus dk vf/kdkj]
vuqPNsn 6 & cPpksa dks thus dk vf/kdkj gSA ljdkjksa
dgh xbZ gS vkSj bldk cstk bLrseky djus esa yksx dke;kc gks tkrs gSaA
T;knkrj dkuwuksa esa 14 o"kZ rd ds O;fDr dks ckyd dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gS
rks dbZ vf/kfu;e bls 18 o"kZ rd ds fy, ekU; le>rs gSaA dkuwuksa dh bl
vfu;ferrk dk Qk;nk vDlj vlkekftd rRoksa dks fey tkrk gSA
1989 ds la;qDr jk"Vz ds dUosa'ku ds eqrkfcd] 18 lky ls de mez
dk O;fDr ckyd dgk tk,xkA cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj cus mDr dUosa'ku
ij 1992 esa gLrk{kj djus okys ns'kksa esa Hkkjr Hkh FkkA exj nqHkkZX;o'k ns'k esa
vyx&vyx dkuwu ^ckyd* 'kCn dh O;k[;k vyx&vyx <ax ls djrs gSaA
w Hkkjrh; tux.kuk gj ml O;fDr dks cPps dh Js.kh esa j[krk gS ftldh
mez 14 lky ls de gksA
w cPpksa ds fy, cuh jk"Vzh; uhfr dgrh gS fd 18 lky ls de mez ds cPps
dks ckyd ekuk tk; vkSj mldh t:jrksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, nh?kZdkyhu
uhfr dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk;A
w IykaVs'ku yscj ,DV] 1951 ckyd] fd'kksj vkSj o;Ld dh vk;q ds fy, vyx
izdkj dk utfj;k viukrk gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd cPps dk eryc ml
O;fDr ls gS ftlus 14 lky dh vk;q iwjh ugha dh gksA 14 lky iwjk dj pqds
O;fDr dks fd'kksj rFkk 18 o"kZ iwjk dj pqds O;fDr dks o;Ld dh Js.kh esa
j[kk x;k gSA
w cky fookg fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e] 2006 essa dgk x;k gS fd 21 o"kZ ls de vk;q
ds iq#"k vkSj 18 o"kZ ls de mez dh L=h dks fookg dh vuqefr ugha nh tkrh
gSA ;g ^ckyd* dh vk;q dks ysdj my>u dks vkSj c<+krk gSA gkykafd gky
gh esa fnYyh gkbZ dksVZ us dgk gS fd eqfLye yM+dh dk fookg mldh
ekrk&firk dh lgefr ls ;kSoukoLFkk izkIr dj ysus ds ckn dh tk ldrh
gSA
w cky Je fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e] 1986 14 lky ls de mez ds cPPkksa dks tksf[ke
Hkjs vkSj [krjukd dkeksa esa layXu djus ls jksdrk gSA
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk 1860 dgrh gS fd 7 lky ls de mez ds cPPks dks
vkijkf/kd d`R;ksa ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA ekufld :i
ls fodykax cPpksa ds ekeys esa mez lhek dks c<+kdj 12 lky rd fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
w ;kSu laca/kksa dh lgefr nsus ds fy, yM+dh dh mez 16 o"kZ fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ
gS tcfd vigj.k vkSj ca/kd cuk, tkus ds ekeys esa lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls 16
o"kZ rd ds yM+dksa vkSj 18 o"kZ rd dh yM+fd;ksa dks ^ckydksa* dh Js.kh esa
j[kk x;k gSA
ns'k ds dkuwuksa esa cPpksa dh mez fu/kkZj.k dks ysdj cjrh xbZ
vlko/kkuh dk Qk;nk mu yksxksa dks feyrk gS tks cky Je ds tfj;s viuh
tsc Hkjrs gSaA ,sls dbZ ekfQ;k fxjksg gSa tks fcuk fdlh Mj ds NksVs cPpksa
dks [krjukd vkSj tksf[ke Hkjs dkeksa esa HkrhZ djrs gSaA mUgsa irk gS fd idM+s
tkus ij cp fudyus ds jkLrk Hkh bUgha dkuwuksa ds tfj;s mUgsa fey tk,xkA
Lo;alsoh laLFkk pkbYM jkbV~l ,aM ;w ;kuh ^dzkbZ* us us'kuy lSaiy losZ
2009&10 ds vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;s v/;;u o fo'ys"k.k esa ik;k fd 13
jkT;ksa esa 15 ls 18 o"kZ ds 25 Qhln cPps fdlh u fdlh :i esa dekbZ ds
dke esa yxs gq, gSaA lcls cqjh gkyr vuqlwfpr tkfr] tutkfr rFkk vU;
fiNM+k oxZ ds cPpksa dh gS ftuesa dze'k% 36-1 Qhln] 29-2 Qhln vkSj 261 Qhln cPps fdlh u fdlh dke ;k etnwjh esa yxs gq, gSaA xqtjkr]
dukZVd vkSj vka/kz izns'k mu jkT;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa tgka lcls T;knk cky
Jfed ekStwn gSaA
eatjh
od
fD
eatjh
isjV
as y iz's kj
eatjh
isjV
as y iz's kj
yxrk Fkk fd og xyr ykbu ij py jgh gSA lEikyh us ejus ls igys vius firk ds uke fpV~Bh esa lkjh ckrsa
fy[kh FkhaA nsoozr ds firk jkecgknqj dksydkrk ds fudV csywj esa [kVky pykrs gSa vkSj vius csVs dks mapkbZ ij
ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA mUgksaus mldk nkf[kyk 'kgj ds bafXy'k ehfM;e Ldwy esa djok;k FkkA cSyh iqfyl LVs'ku ds
baLisDVj vflr lsu us crk;k fd nsoozr ,d ckj igys Hkh ?kj ls Hkkx pqdk Fkk tc og ikapoh esa i<+rk FkkA muds
eqrkfcd og vius firk ds nokc ls ?kcM+k dj ?kj ls Hkkx x;k gSA
nokc dbZ vkSj rjg ds Hkh gksrs gSaA 19 uoEcj] 2006 dks [kaMok ds Hkh[kuxkao dh Ng lky dh lkfu;k
us yxkrkj 64 ?kaVs xkdj fyEdk cqd vkWQ fjdkWMZ esa viuk uke ntZ djok;k FkkA mlus bankSj dh vkdka{kk dk 61
?kaVs rd yxkrkj xkuk xkus dk fjdkMZ rksM+k FkkA mlus 745 xkus xk, ftuesa fQYeh vkSj HkfDr xhr 'kkfey FksA
tc lkfu;k ls iwNk x;k fd mlus ,slk D;ksa fd;k rks mlus dgk fd mls dqN vyx djus dh cM+h reUuk FkhA
D;k ,d Ng lky dh cPPkh ,slk lksp ldrh gS\ bankSj ds nhid xqIrk us 101 ?kaVs rd yxkrkj xkuk xkdj lkfu;k
dk fjdkWMZ vxys fnu gh rksM+ fn;kA vkf[kj eka&cki dqN le; dh yksdfiz;rk ds fy, D;ksa vius cPpksa dks bl
izdkj dh nkSM+ esa >ksad nsrs gSaA blds ihNs mudh Vhoh pSuyksa ij fn[kkbZ nsus dh egRokdka{kk gks ldrh gSA blh
rjg ,d cPph ?kaVksa rd pikrh cukus dh izfr;ksfxrk esa csgks'k gks xbZA ml cPPkh dks vLirky esa HkrhZ djkus dh
ukScr vk xbZA vkf[kj ;s fdl rjg dk vfHkHkkodRo gS tks cPpksa dks brus nokc esa dke djus ds fy, foo'k dj
nsrk gS\ ,sls fjdkWMZ cukus dh t:jr gh D;k gS tks ,d gQ~rs ds ckn gh fdlh vkSj cPps ds }kjk rksM+ fn;k tk;\
bl ekeys esa vesfjdk vkSj fczVsu Hkh dqN de ugha gSaA ^eSMusl vkWQ ekWMuZ QSfeyht* esa ys[kd }; esx
lSaMlZ vkSj ,uh ,'koFkZ fy[krs gSa fd dSls i<+s&fy[ks vkSj le>nkj ekrk&firk Hkh nwljs ifjokjksa ls vkxs fudyus
dh gksM+ esa vius cPpksa ds lkFk vthcksxjhc rjhds viukrs gSaA vius ?kj esa NksVs cPpksa dks ,x&Liwu nkSM+ ds fy,
pqipki rS;kj djus ls ysdj Ldwy fVzi ij Qzkal x, cPPkksa dh cl dk ihNk djus rd esa eka&cki lud dh gn
rd yxs jgrs gSaA bl fdrkc esa mu eka&cki ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gS tks cPPkksa ds lksus ds dejs esa fons'kh Hkk"kk
ds jsfM;ks LVs'ku yxkrs gSa rkfd cPpk lksrs le; ml Hkk"kk dks lh[k ldsA vesfjdk esa e/;oxhZ; ekrk&firk cgqr
'kq: ls gh bl iz;kl esa yx tkrs gSa fd muds cPpksa dks vPNs uacj fey lds vkSj mudk nkf[kyk vPNs dkWyst
esa gks ldsA lSaMlZ vkSj ,uh us fdrkc esa ncko nsus okys vfHkHkkodksa dks Js.khc) dj bls gYdk cuk, j[kus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ,d ,slh gsyhdkWIVj eka gS tks cPPks dks ges'kk viuh vka[kksa ds lkeus j[kus ds fy, mlds pkjksa vksj
?kwerh jgrh gSA ,d ,sls Vpykbu firk gSa tks vius csVs dks QqVckWy [ksyus ds fy, ges'kk mdlkrs jgrs gSa ftls
QqVckWy [ksyuk ilan ugha gSA ,sls gh ,d vkSj Vpykbu eka gS tks Lohfeax iwy ds fdukjs vius eksckby ij LVkWiokp
yxkdj csVs dh fuxjkuh djrh gSA bdks eEeh ges'kk bl ckr dks ysdj fpafrr jgrh gS fd muds csVs ds [kkus dh
IysV esa 'kq) lfCt;ka vkSj vkxsZfud e'k:e gS fd ughaA dzkQ~V eEeh ifRr;ksa vkSj ?kkl ds dksykt cukdj vius
cPpksa dks nsrh gSa vkSj pkgrh gSa fd os Hkh ges'kk dqN u dqN cukrs jgsA
[ksy vkSj i<+kbZ ds ekeys esa nokc cukus okys ekrk&firk lcls cqjk izHkko mRiUUk djrs gSaA ,d cPph ds
eka&cki mls lIrkg esa nks ckj Lohfeax ds fy, lqcg Ng
cts ds ls'ku djus vkSj ikap ckj Ldwy ds ckn ds ls'ku
djus ds fy, dgrs gSaA ;gka rd fd cPph dk ,d gkFk
VwV tkus ds ckn Hkh ml ij Lohfeax djus ds fy, nokc
Mkyk tkrk jgkA cPph dks rSjkdh ds nkSjku vius VwVs
IykLVj p<+s gkFk dks ikuh ls ckgj j[kuk iM+rk FkkA ,d
vkSj Vsful f[kykM+h dks mldh eka us Vzsfuax jksd nsus ds
vkf[kj ;s fdl rjg dk vfHkHkkodRo gS tks
fy, dgk D;ksafd mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd mudh csVh thr
cPpksa dks brus nokc esa dke djus ds fy,
ugha ldrhA rks nokc Mkyus vkSj izsfjr djus ds chp
foo'k dj nsrk gS\ ,sls fjdkWMZ cukus dh
QdZ dSls irk yxsxk\ euksoSKkfud dgrs gSa fd oSls
t:jr gh D;k gS tks ,d gQ~rs ds ckn gh
ekrk&firk tks thou esa dqN cuuk pkgrs Fks ysfdu cu
fdlh vkSj cPps }kjk rksM+ fn;k tk;\
ugha ik,] os vius cPpksa ds tfj;s mls iwjk djuk pkgrs
gSaA csys O;w esa eq[; euksoSKkfud MkW- f'kykfnR; jk; dgrs
gSa fd ,sls eka&cki ;g le>us esa Hkwy dj tkrs gSa fd
laHko gS fd muds cPps Hkh oks dke u dj ik,aA fo'onhi vkSj lEikyh ds firk djks ;k ltk ikvks dh blh
eatjh
isjV
as y iz's kj
eatjh
csxqukg
FkkA
eatjh
csxqukg
badkj dj nsrs gSa ysfdu vxj oks fookg dj ys rks lekt esa mls
txg feyus dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA
,d pqukSrhiw.kZ iz.kkyh
tsy esa jg jgs vU; cPpksa ds eqdkcys eark'kk mu HkkX;'kkyh cPpksa
esa 'kkfey gS ftls lqfo/kk;qDr tsy esa iSnk gksus vkSj jgus dk ekSdk
feyk gSA mls ,d I;kj djus okyh eka vkSj ukuh feyh gS rks i<+us
vkSj [ksyus ds fy, dzs'k Hkh ekStwn gSA og ml tsy iz'kklu ij
vkfJr gS tks igys ls gh dSfn;ksa ds vR;f/kd cks>] Hkz"Vkpkj]
deZpkfj;ksa dh deh] vuVzsaM LVkQ vkSj ckcwfxjh dks >sy jgk gSA
bu lcds chp tsy esa jg jgs cPpksa ij ftruk /;ku fn;s tkus
dh t:jr gS oks ugha gks ikrkA
lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa dgk x;k gS fd ^^dkuwu }kjk fu/kkZfjr
izfdz;kvksa ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh Hkh rjhds ls fdlh O;fDr dks
mlds thou ;k O;fDrxr vktknh ls oafpr ugha j[kk tk ldrkA**
blds vykok vuqPNsn 45 esa ;s dgk x;k gS fd lafo/kku ds ykxw
gksus ds nl o"kZ ds Hkhrj 14 lky rd ds gj cPps dks fu%'kqYd
vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk iznku djus dh ftEesnkjh jkT; dh gSA ysfdu
;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gS fd eark'kk tSlh cfPp;ka vius bl
ekuokf/kdkj dks dSls ik ldrh gSaA ,slh cfPp;ksa dks ns[kHkky ds
uke ij viuh ekavksa ds lkFk tsy esa /kdsy fn;k tkrk gS tgka mUgsa
viuh lsgr vkSj vktknh ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gSA
thus ds dfBu gkykrksa ds vykok ckgjh nqfu;k ls nwj jgdj
tsy esa can vU; o;Ldksa ds chp mUgsa viuk gj fnu xqtkjuk
iM+rk gSA fcuk fdlh xyrh ds mUgsa Hkh lkekftd ck/;rkvksa
vkSj vlqj{kk ls tw>uk iM+rk gSA oSls blds fy, tsyksa dks iwjh
rjg nks"kh ugha ekuk tk ldrk D;ksafd os Hkh 'kfDrghu gSa vkSj
1894 ds tsy ,DV ls ca/ks gSaA
Lo;alsoh laLFkk ^bafM;k fotu QkmaMs'ku* (vkbZoh,Q)
tsy esa vius vfHkHkkodksa ds lkFk jg jgs cPpksa dks eq[;/kkjk
esa ykus ds fy, yacs le; ls iz;kl dj jgh gSA vkbZoh,Q
,sls cPpksa dks muds ifjokj ls feykus dk dke djrh gS vkSj
djhc 19 lky ls og frgkM+ esa jg jgs lSdM+ksa cPPkksa dks
eq[;/kkjk esa yk pqdh gSA blus 300 ls T;knk cPPkksa dks tsy
ds dzs'k ls fudkydj ckgj ds Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk fnyokus esa
enn dh gSA dqN mEEkhn 1986 esa txh tc tsyksa esa can
efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dk vkdyu djus ds fy, dsUnz ljdkj
us tfLVl d`".kk v;~;j ds usr`Ro esa jk"Vzh; fo'k"kK desVh dk
xBu fd;kA desVh us tks fjiksVZ lkSaih mlesa tsy esa can
xHkZorh efgykvksa rFkk gky gh esa eka cuh efgykvksa dk fo'ks"k
ftdz fd;k x;kA
gky gh esa ,d tufgr ;kfpdk ij lquokbZ djrs gq,
lqizhe dksVZ us tsy esa can efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa ds laca/k esa dqN
fn'kk&funsZ'k tkjh fd;s %
w efgyk dSfn;ksa dks vius cPPkksa dks Ng lky dh mez rd
eatjh
pkbYM ctfVax
gj lky gekjh laln djksM+ksa&vjcksa dk ctV ikl djrh gSA gj ;kuh ,eMhth dks izkIr djus ds fy, Hkh izfrc) gSA blds fy, 90
oxZ] jkstxkj] {ks= vkSj voljksa ls tqM+h lSdM+ksa ;kstuk,a ykxw djkbZ ds n'kd ls ysdj vc rd dh ljdkjksa us cPPkksa dh csgrjh vkSj
tkrh gSaA ysfdu D;k dHkh bu cM+h ;kstukvksa esa mu NksVs&NksVs cPpksa muds fgrksa ij vk/kkfjr ntZuksa egRokdka{kh ;kstuk,a Hkh cukbZ gSa fdarq
dks Hkh txg feyrh gS tks u rks vius vf/kdkjksa ds fy, lM+d ij nqHkkZX;o'k mu ;kstukvksa esa fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa vkSj izkIr ifj.kkeksa esa
mrj ldrs gSa vkSj u gh jktuhfrd nokc cuk ldrs gSaA vycRrk ehyksa dk Qklyk gSA
mUgsa rks vius vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa irk rd ugha gksrkA blesa dksbZ
'kd ugha fd ctV ns'k dh rjDdh dk vkbuk gksrs gSa vkSj bldk ctV 2016 esa cPPks
edln laiw.kZrk esa ns'k dk fodkl djuk gksrk gSA ysfdu blls Hkh
badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ctV] uhfr;ksa vkSj ;kstukvksa dks ckr vxj ekStwnk gkykr dh djsa rks fujk'kk gh gkFk yxsxh D;ksafd
cukus esa cM+k gkFk fdlh u fdlh ,sls oxZ dk gksrk gS tks ljdkj orZeku ljdkj us Hkh f'k{kk] LokLF;] fodkl vkSj iks"k.k tSls
ds fy, oksV cSad dk dke djrs gSaA efgyk,a] fiNM+k oxZ] fdlku]
vfregRoiw.kZ fcanqvksa dh mis{kk gh dh gSA
d`f"k Jfed vkSj vU; tkfr vk/kkfjr oxZ dgha
fo'ks"kdj ml vkcknh ds fygkt ls tks ns'k dh
a gksrs gSa vkSj u
u dgha ljdkj ds jgus ;k ugha jgus dks izHkkfor cPPks u rks oksV cSd
dqy vkcknh dk 39 Qhln fgLlk gSA vycRrk
gh nokc lewg] fQj muds ckjs esa
djrs gSa vkSj viuh mifLFkfr ls nokc dk
foRr ea=h us vius ctV Hkk"k.k esa cPPkksa dk ftdz
fuekZ.k djrs jgrs gSaA exj cPPks ! os u rks oksV lkspus dh tger dksbZ D;ksa mBk, ! rd ugha fd;kA ;s Bhd gS fd fiNys o"kZ dh
cSad gksrs gSa vkSj u gh nokc lewg] fQj muds cPpksa dks rks vius vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs 30 Qhln dVkSrh dh rqyuk esa bl o"kZ ds ctV
esa irk rd ugha gksrkA
ckjs esa lkspus dh tger Hkyk dkSu mBk,xk \
esa cPpksa dh fgLlsnkjh 3-26 Qhln ls c<+dj 3vkadM+ksa esa tk,a rks ik,axs fd 90 ds
32 Qhln rd igqap xbZ gSA ysfdu egt -6
n'kd esa cPpksa ij gksus okyk vkoaVu 1-2 Qhln ls c<+dj 2006&07 Qhln dh bl c<+ksrjh ls cPPkksa dk fdruk Hkyk gksus okyk gS] ;g
esa 4-91 Qhln rd igqap x;k ysfdu vlfy;r esa u dsoy ;g ns[kuk gksxkA
vkoaVu csgn de gS cfYd bls lgh :i esa [kpZ Hkh ugha fd;k tkrk
cPPkksa ds laiw.kZ fodkl ls tqM+h nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h
gSA t:jr] vkoaVu vkSj bLrseky esa vHkh Hkh cgqr varj gSA ,sls esa ;kstuk vkbZlhMh,l ;kuh bafVxzsVsM pkbYM MsoyiesaV Ldhe esa 2016
t:jr gS lVhd ^pkbYM ctfVax* dhA ;kuh og iSekuk ftlls uhfr ds ctV esa 7 Qhln rd dh deh dh xbZ gSA bl csgn t:jh
fu/kkZjdksa dks ;g irk py ik, fd cPpksa dh t:jrksa ds fglkc ls ;kstuk esa dVkSrh ls lacaf/kr {ks= grizHk gSA blh rjg cPPkksa ds
fdruh jkf'k dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gS vkSj fdrus dh vkSj t:jr LokLF; ls tqM+s dk;Zdzeksa esa caij dVkSrh djrs gq, mls fiNys lky
gSA la;qDr jk"Vz dh cky vf/kdkj desVh ;kuh ;w,ulhvkjlh dk ds 15]483-77 djksM+ ls ?kVkdj 14]000 djksM+ dj fn;k x;k gSA
lnL; gksus ds ukrs Hkkjr Hkh cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh laj{kk dks ysdj ehM Ms ehy Ldhe esa fiNYks o"kZ dh rqyuk esa vkoaVu 0-49 Qhln
lrdZ gS vkSj bl fn'kk esa iz;kl pkgrk gSA ;w,ulhvkjlh dgrk gS ls c<+kdj 0-74 Qhln dj fn;k gS ftlds ckn vc ;g 9]700 djksM+
fd cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks loksZPp Lrj rd lkdkj djus ds fy, gks tkrk gSA ctV dh ?kks"k.kk ls Bhd igys gksus okys vkfFkZd losZ{k.k
cTkV esa vkoaVu dks c<+kus ds gj iz;kl fd;s tkus pkfg,A blds esa dgk x;k Fkk fd ns'k dh vkcknh dk lgh bLrseky djuk gS rks
fy, miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk laiw.kZ bLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
cPpksa ds iks"k.k ls tqM+s dk;Zdzeksa esa fuos'k dks c<+kuk gksxk ysfdu
Hkkjr u dsoy 1992 ds cky vf/kdkjksa ij la;qDr jk"Vz vkbZlhMh,l esa dVkSrh dj ljdkj us vius ealwcs lkQ dj fn;sA
dUosa'ku dk Hkkxhnkj gS cfYd ;w,u ds feysfu;e MsoyiesaV xksy ;gh gky cky lqj{kk ls tqM+h ;kstukvksa dk Hkh jgkA 2015 esa tsts
eatjh
pkbYM ctfVax
dks ns'k ds fy, laifRRk ekuk x;kA blds rgr lafo/kku esa iznRr cky
vf/kdkjksa vkSj muls tqM+s izko/kkuksa dks ykxw djus dk y{; j[kk x;kA
lkFk gh la;qDr jk"Vz dh vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk dks Hkh ykxw fd;k x;kA
bl uhfr us jkT;ksa ds nkf;Roksa dh :i&js[kk rS;kj dj nh ftlds eqrkfcd cPps ds tUe ls igys ls ysdj tUe ds ckn rd rFkk ckyiu
ds nkSjku mldh reke ekufld] 'kkjhfjd ,oa lkekftd fodkl dh
ftEesnkjh jkT;ksa dh gksxhA
f'k{kk dks ysdj jk"Vzh; uhfr] 1986 % bl o"kZ dks lHkh dks f'k{kk ds
leku volj miyC/k djkus rFkk HksnHkko dks lekIr djus ds y{; ds
lkFk euk;k x;kA efgykvksa] vuqlwfpr tkfr rFkk tutkfr;ksa dks /;ku
esa j[krs gq, ,d jk"Vzh; uhfr cukbZ xbZ ftlds rgr Nk=o`fRr] o;Ld
f'k{kk] f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr] xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, vuqnku rkfd os
vius cPpksa dks Ldwy Hkst ldsa vkSj ubZ f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ds fuekZ.k vkfn
dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA cPpksa dks dsUnz esa j[kdj cukbZ xbZ uhfr ds
nkSjku ^vkWijs'ku CySdcksMZ* Hkh pyk;k x;k ftldk mn~ns'; izkFkfed
fp= % fdj.kfoyst-vkWxZ
eatjh
pkbYM ctfVax
leL;k dks >sy jgk gSA vly esa dqiks"k.k Hkkstu] mRrjthfork vkSj
LokLF; ds vf/kdkjksa rd cPpksa dh igqap u gksus ls mRiUu gqbZ
leL;k gS tks ns'k dks n{krk vkSj dk;Z{kerk ls tqM+h dbZ vU;
ijs'kkfu;ksa dh vksj /kdsy jgk gSA 1993 esa cuh iks"k.k uhfr [kk|
mRiknu ,oa forj.k] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k] f'k{kk] xzkeh.k o
'kgjh fodkl rFkk efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ds {ks=ksa esa vYidkfyd
vFkok nh?kZdkfyd gLr{ksi dh vuqefr nsrh gSA
jk"Vzh; tula[;k uhfr] 2000 % bl uhfr ds varxZr Hkh cPPkksa ds
fgrksa dks fo'ks"k rkSj ij /;ku esa j[kk x;kA blus 14 o"kZ rd ds
lHkh cPpksa dks vfuok;Z ,oa fu%'kqYd f'k{kk iznku djus] lHkh cPpksa
dks lHkh cpko ;ksX; jksxksa ls eqfDr ds fy, Vhdkdj.k djus] tUe]
e`R;q rFkk fookg dk lkS Qhln iathdj.k] ekr` ,oa f'k'kq e`R;q nj esa
mYys[kuh; deh ykus dk y{; lkeus j[kkA
jk"Vzh; LokLF; uhfr] 2002 % ;g uhfr gj ns'koklh ds fy, ,d
iwjk djus esa ukxfjd lekt] leqnk; vkSj ifjokj dh Hkwfedkvksa dks
r; djus dk dke us'kuy pkVZj us fd;kA blus gj cPps ds thus]
LoLFk jgus vkSj [kq'k jgus ds vf/kdkj dh odkyr dhA blds fy,
fiNM+s ifjokjksa ds cPps] xfy;ksa esa jgus okys vkSj yM+fd;ksa dks
VkjxsV lewg esa j[kdj jkT;ksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dh ftEesnkjh r; dh
xbZA
LokLF;
fodkl
f'k{kk
lqj{kk
vU;
eatjh
cky mRihM+u
'kkjhfjd mRihM+u
w v/;;u esa 'kkfey gj rhu esa ls nks cPpksa dk 'kkjhfjd
mRihM+u fd;k x;kA
w 'kkjhfjd mRihM+u ds f'kdkj 13 jkT;ksa ds 69 Qhln cPpksa esa
ls 54-68 cPPks yM+ds FksA
w 13 jkT;ksa ds 50 Qhln ls vf/kd cPPks ,d ;k vf/kd izdkj
ds 'kkjhfjd mRihM+u ds f'kdkj FksA
w ifjokj esa mRihM+u ds f'kdkj cPpksa esa ls 88-6 Qhln dks
ekrk&firk gh izrkfM+r djrs FksA
w Ldwy tkus okys 65 Qhln cPPkksa us 'kkjhfjd ltk fn;s tkus
dh ckr dghA
w 62 Qhln 'kkjhfjd ltk ljdkjh vkSj fuxe ds Ldwyksa esa nh
xbZA
w vka/kz izns'k] vle] fcgkj vkSj fnYyh mu jkT;ksa esa jgs tgka
cPPkksa dk gj izdkj dk mRihM+u lcls T;knk gqvkA
w T;knkrj cPpksa us vius lkFk gq, nqO;Zogkj dh ppkZ fdlh ld
ugha dhA
w 50-2 Qhln cPPks lIrkg esa lkrksa fnu dke djrs FksA
;kSu mRihM+u
w 53-22 Qhln cPpksa us ,d ;k dbZ izdkj ds ;kSu mRuhM+u dk
f'kdkj gksus dh ckr dghA
w vka/kz izns'k] vle] fcgkj vkSj fnYyh esa lcls T;knk cPPkksa ds
lkFk ;kSu mRihM+u dh ckr lkeus vkbZ ftuesa yM+ds vkSj
yM+fd;ka nksuksa 'kkfey jghaA
w 21-90 Qhln cPPkss ;kSu mRihM+u ds ?k`f.kr :i dk f'kdkj gq,
tcfd 50-76 Qhln vU; izdkj ls ihfM+r jgsA
w 5-69 Qhln cPPks nq"deZ dk f'kdkj gq,A
w vka/kz izns'k] vle] fcgkj vkSj fnYyh esa cPpksa ds lkFk nq"deZ
dh ?kVuk,a T;knk gqbZaA
w xfy;ksa esa jgus okys] dke djus okys vkSj fdlh laLFkk esa jgus
okys cPpksa ds lkFk ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVuk,a T;knk lkeus vkbZaA
w 50 Qhln cPpksa dk mRihM+u mu yksxksa us fd;k tks cPps ds
djhch Fks vkSj ftu ij cPpksa ;k muds ifjokj dk iwjk Hkjkslk
FkkA
w T;knkrj cPPkksa us vius lkFk gq, vR;kpkj ds ckjs esa fdlh
dks ugha crk;kA
eatjh
cky mRihM+u
eatjh
cky mRihM+u
fgalk] ;kSu rkM+uk] ;kSu mRihM+u d fy, mdlkuk vkSj cPPkksa dks
iksuksZxzkQh ohfM;ks esa nf'kZr djuk 'kkfey gSaA dkuwu cPPkksa dh ;kSu
rkM+uk ls tqM+h gjsd xfrfof/k dk laKku ysrk gS vkSj mld fo#)
gj laHko dne mBkus dk Hkjkslk fnykrk gSA ;g dkuwu tEew&d'ehj
dks NksM+dj iwj ns'k esa ykxw gSA bl dkuwu d rgr tks naMkRed
funsZ'k fn;s x;s gSa os d :iksa esa fo|eku gSaA buesa dSn ls ysdj
tqekZus rd dk ko/kku gSA bld vykok cPPks d iquokZl dk Hkh
vkns'k dkuwu nsrk gSA
dkuwu dh ck/kk,a
fp= % srohitcnn.files.wordpress.com
eatjh
nRrd
rkjs te+ha ij
^eQhZ csch flaMzke
s * ls xzLr yksxksa dks cPPkk LoLFk] lqn
a j vkSj xksjk
pkfg, gksrk gS tks cgqr de gh laHko gks ikrk gSA ;fn viuh larku
chekj gks ;k mls dksbZ viaxrk gks rks eka&cki mls Bhd djus ds fy,
iSlk ikuh dh rjg cgkus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrs gSa ysfdu ,d xksn
fy, cPPks ij bruk [kpZ djuk oks ugha pkgrsA
Jksr % U;wbafM;u,Dlizsl-dkWe
w ns'k esa 50 gtkj vukFk cPpksa dks vkt Hkh fdlh dk bartkj gSA fefy;u cPPks fdlh ds }kjk viuk, tkus dk bartkj dj jgs gSa vkSj
w ns'k esa djhc 30 gtkj naifr cPps ds fy, rjl jgs gSaA
buesa 90 Qhln yM+fd;ka gSaA nwljh vksj Lo;alsoh laLFkk pkbYMykbu
bafM;k QkmaMs'ku dh ekusa rks 2007 esa ns'k esa 25 fefy;u vukFk
nks vkadM+s] nks rLohjsa vkSj ,d&nwljs ls iwjh gksrha nks t:jrsaA pkfg, cPps ekStwn FksA buesa ls gj lky dsoy 0-04 Qhln cPps gh nRRkd
rks flQZ ,d igyA vxj gj cPps dks eka&cki fey tk; vkSj gj xzg.k izfdz;k }kjk viuk, tkrs gSaA
eka&cki dks ,d cPPkk rks rLohj cnyrs nsj ugha yxsxhA ysfdu
fiNys ikap lkyksa esa xksn ysus dh nj esa 50 Qhln dh
vQlksl fd vius ns'k esa cPpk xksn ysus dh nj igys dh rqyuk fxjkoV vkbZ gS tks fparuh; gSA fcgkj] mRrjk[kaM] >kj[kaM vkSj
esa dkQh ?kV xbZ gSA rkTtqc gS fd ubZ lksp dh iks"kd vkSj iwoksZRrj ds lkrksa jkT; vukFk cPPkksa ds izfr vf/kd laosnughu cus
iqjkruiaFkh ekU;rkvksa dks udkjus okyh f'k{kk vkSj cnyko ds ckn gq, gSa vkSj ogka xksn fy;s tkus dh nj vR;ar de gS tcfd nf{k.kh
Hkh u yksx cny jgs gSa vkSj u ljdkjsaA
jkT;ksa esa fLFkfr FkksM+h Bhd gSA gkykafd egkjk"Vz tgka
Ms<+ lky igys efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=h
lcls T;knk cPPks xksn fy;s tkrs gSa] ogka Hkh bldh
nhfidk >k
esudk xka/kh us Hkh dgk Fkk fd yksx gj lky dsoy
nj ?kVh gS vkSj ;g 2010 ds 1606 ds eqdkcys 2013
800 ls ,d gtkj cPpksa dks gh xksn ys jgs gSaA ;g
esa ?kVdj 1212 gks xbZ FkhA mRRkj Hkkjr esa ikjaifjd
'keZukd gSA nRrd ,tsafl;ksa dh lqLrh ij dVk{k djrh Jherh xka/kh lksp vkSj ljdkj dh mnklhurk dk ifj.kke cPpksa dks Hkqxruk iM+
dh ;g fVIi.kh ns'k esa vukFk cPpksa ds izfr laosnughurk dks mtkxj jgk gSA iwoksZRrj esa rks ,slh dksbZ ljdkjh nRrd xzg.k ,tsalh Hkh
djrh gSA blls igys o"kZ 2013&14 esa 4 gtkj cPpksa dks xksn fy;k ugha gS tks yksxksa dks lgh tkudkjh nsdj xksn ysus esa mudh enn
x;k Fkk tks mlls igys ds lkyksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr de FkkA ;kuh dj ldsA ;gka rd fd fcgkj esa 2007&08 ds nkSjku xksn fy;s x;s
ns'k esa cPpksa dks xksn ysus okyksa dh la[;k esa rsth ls fxjkoV vk ,d Hkh cPPks dk tUe izek.ki= ugha cuok ldh ljdkjA lcls cqjh
jgh gSA ;s fLFkfr rc gS tc ljdkj us nRrd xzg.k dh izfdz;k dks fLFkfr es?kky; dh gS tgka fiNys ikap o"kksZa esa dsoy pkj cPpksa dks
vklku cukus ds fy, u, fn'kk&funsZ'k tkjh fd;s gSa vkSj mls tqo- xksn fy;k x;k gSA blh rjg paMhx<+ esa 2010 ls 2014 rd ek=
sukby tfLVl fcy] 2014 ds lkFk tksM+ fn;k gSA blds vykok 9 vukFk cPPkksa dks eka&cki fey lds FksA
vxLr] 2015 esa ^pkbYM ,MkWI'ku fjlkslZ baQkWesZ'ku ,aM xkbMsal
njvly cPpk xksn ysus dh bPNk j[kus okys yksxksa dh
flLVe* ;kuh ds;fjaXl dks Hkh ykxw fd;k x;k tks xksn ysus dh yach vis{kk,a bruh cM+h gksrh gSa fd muds iwjk gksus dh xqatkb'k dkQh
izfdz;k dks lhfer djrk gS vkSj xksn ysus ds bPNqd vfHkHkkodksa dh de gks tkrh gSA ^eQhZ csch flaMzkse* ls xzLr yksxksa dks cPPkk LoLFk]
HkkxnkSM+ dks de djrk gSA blds ckn Hkh ns'k esa cPpksa dks xksn ysus lqanj vkSj xksjk pkfg, gksrk gS tks cgqr de gh laHko gks ikrk gSA
okyksa dh la[;k esa ,d lky ds Hkhrj 25 Qhln ls T;knk dh deh ;fn viuh tSfod larku chekj gks ;k mls dksbZ 'kkjhfjd viaxrk
gqbZ gSA gkykafd vk'p;Ztud :i ls ns'k ds ckgj jgus okys yksxksa gks rks eka&cki mls Bhd djus ds fy, iSlk ikuh dh rjg cgkus ds
}kjk ;gka ds cPpksa dks xksn ysus dh la[;k esa btkQk gqvk gSA
fy, rS;kj gks tkrs gSa ysfdu ,d xksn fy, cPPks ij bruk [kpZ
ns'k ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds vukFkky;ksa esa fdrus cPps ekStwn djuk oks ugha pkgrsA ,sls esa chekj ;k viax cPPkksa dks dksbZ xksn
gSa bldk lgh&lgh vkadM+k rks fdlh ds ikl ugha gS ysfdu 2013 ugha ysuk pkgrkA blds vykok 85 Qhln yksxksa dks 0 ls 1 lky
esa us'kuy dzkbe fjdkWMZ C;wjks us nkok fd;k Fkk fd dsoy 930 cPps rd ds cPps dh pkgr gksrh gSA csVs dks xksn ysus dh ea'kk ,d
gh vukFkky;ksa esa jg jgs gSaA tkfgj gS bl nkos esa jRRkh Hkj Hkh lPpkbZ vyx dkj.k gS D;ksafd ns'k ds vukFkky;ksa esa 90 Qhln yM+fd;ka
ugha gS D;ksafd o"kZ 2011 esa lqizhe dksVZ esa nk;j ,d tufgr ;kfpdk gSaA fo'ks"kK crkrs gSa fd vk/kqfud fpfdRlk iz.kkyh ds foLrkj gksus
esa tks vkadM+k is'k fd;k x;k gS og blls 10 gtkj xquk ls Hkh vkSj vkbZoh,Q rFkk ljksxslh dks viuk, tkus ds dkj.k Hkh yksxksa esa
T;knk gSA blds eqrkfcd ns'k Hkj ds vukFkky;ksa esa djhc 11 vukFk cPpksa dks xksn ysus dh pkgr ?kVh gSA Hkkjr esa vHkh Hkh cPPkk
eatjh
nRrd
xksn ysus dk fodYi lcls vkf[kjh esa vkrk gSA oSls naifr ftUgsa
viuh larku ugha gS os 'kknh ds ckn 20&20 lkyksa rd vius cPps
dk bartkj djrs gSa ysfdu tc rd cPpk xksn ysus dk QSlyk ysrs
gSa rc rd mudh mez nRrd xzg.k dkuwu ds eqrkfcd xksn ysus
yk;d ugha jg tkrhA Hkkjr esa ;fn naifr dh mez feykdj 90 o"kZ
ls T;knk gks tk; rks mUgsa cPpk xksn ugha fn;k tk ldrk gSA ns'k
esa nRrd xzg.k dkuwu Hkh bruk yack f[kapus okyk gS fd yksx blls
nwj Hkkxus yxs gSaA dkuwuh izfdz;k iwjh gksus esa vke rkSj ij lky
Hkj ls Hkh T;knk le; yx tkrk gSA bldh otg ls cPpk xksn
nsus dk dkyk /ka/kk rsth ls Qyus&Qwyus yxk gSA uflZax gkse vkSj
vLirkyksa ls lh/ks cPpk xksn nsus dk dkjksckj c<+ jgk gS tks u rks
idM+ esa vkrs gSa vkSj u gh fjdkWMZ esaA blds vykok xjhc eka&cki
}kjk vius cPpksa dks cspus ds Hkh ekeys cM+h la[;k esa lkeus vkrs
gSa ftldk Qk;nk yksx mBk ysrs gSaA /kks[kk/kM+h dk ,d ekeyk 2010
esa iq.ks esa lkeus vk;k Fkk tgka vukFkky; pykus okys ,d O;fDr
us ,d naifr dks ,pvkbZoh ikWftVho cPPkk ,d yk[k esa csp fn;k
FkkA tc cPps dh ekSr gks xbZ vkSj naifr dks irk pyk fd cPpk
igys ls gh ,pvkbZoh ikWftVho Fkk rks mUgksaus vkJe pykus okys
O;fDr ds f[kykQ izkFkfedh ntZ djkbZ vkSj og idM+k x;kA mlh
lky iq.ks dk lcls cM+k vukFk vkJe pykus okys tksfxUnj flag
Hklhu dks Hkh iqfyl us fxjQ~rkj fd;kA Hklhu ij vkjksi Fkk fd
og xjhc eka&cki dh larkuksa dks [kjhn dj vukFk vkJe esa ys
vkrk Fkk vkSj fQj mUgsa egaxh dher ij fonsf'k;ksa dks csp fn;k
djrk FkkA dkuwuh rkSj ij fons'kh naifr;ksa dks cPPkk xksn ysus ds
cnys 5 gtkj MkWyj dh jkf'k pqdkuh iM+rh gS tcfd pksj cktkj
esa muls 20 gtkj MkWyj rd ys fy;s tkrs gSaA
nRrd xzg.k dh izfdz;k esa vkus okyh ijs'kkfu;ksa vkSj mlls
gksus okys uqdlku dh vksj dsUnz ljdkj dk Hkh /;ku x;k gS vkSj
lacaf/kr dkuwu esa dbZ cnyko fd;s x;s gSaA fons'k ea=ky; us
D;k djsa
D;k uk djsa
w xksn ysus ds fy, dHkh Hkh fdlh vLirky] uflZax gkse] xSj
vf/kd`r ,tsafl;ksa ;k O;fDr ls laidZ u djsaA
w xyr dkxtkrksa dks viyksM u djsa vU;Fkk fuca/ku jn~n
gks ldrk gSA
w ^dkjk* xkbMykbu ds rgr fu/kkZfjr Qhl ds vykok
dksbZ Hkh vfrfjDr Qhl u nsaA
w nykyksa ;k ,sls fdlh O;fDr ds >kals esa u vk,aA xksn ysus ds
fy, fdlh nyky dh t:jr ugha gksrhA os vkidks /kks[kk
ns ldrs gSaA
w xSjdkuwuh <ax ls cPPkk xksn ysus ij vki Hkh cPPkksa dh
rLdjh ds nks"kh gks ldrs gSaA blls cpsaA
eatjh
xq#dqy
iwtk voLFkh
{ {jE + E< +J {j{jE+ E B Ji * 2006
<x xM { xV M VE
2012 b b +b E B
<x xEi E M* )
y[kum ds lcls iqjkus Ldwyksa esa ls ,d yk ekfVZfu;j C;k,t dkWyst esa d{kk Ng ds Nk= fojkt
dkyjk dks yacs cky j[kus ds dkj.k mlds f'k{kd us pkaVk ekj fn;kA fojkt ds firk veh'k us Ldwy
ds f[kykQ ekspkZ [kksy fn;k ftlesa mudk lkFk igys ls gh Ldwy dks pqukSrh ns jgs dqN vU; vfHkHkkodksa
us Hkh fn;kA veh'k dk dguk gS fd mUgksaus fizafliy ds vfM+;y vkSj cqjs crkZo ds dkj.k muds f[kykQ
f'kdk;r dh gSA veh'k ds eqrkfcd] fizafliy us ekQh ekaxus ds ctk; mUgsa /kedh nh fd muds cPPks
dks Ldwy esa gksus okys fdlh Hkh xfrfof/k esa fgLlk ugha ysus fn;k tk,xkA fizafliy ds bl joS;s ls
vkgr veh'k us jkT; ds cky vf/kdkj laj{k.k vk;ksx esa f'kdk;r ntZ djkbZ ftlus Ldwy izca/ku ls
tokc ekaxk ysfdu Ldwy us dksbZ tokc ugha fn;kA blh chp xehZ dh NqfV~V;ka gks xbZaA dbZ jkrksa rd
cspSu jgus vkSj ekeys esa dksbZ izxfr ugha ns[kdj veh'k us vius cPPks dks Ldwy ls gVk ysus dk QSlyk
fy;kA ;s oks Ldwy gS tgka vius cPpksa dks i<+kus dk liuk y[kum vkSj mlds ckgj ds Hkh ekrk&firk
ns[kk djrs gSaA
dkyjk dk ekeyk Ldwy vkSj isjsaV ds chp ds cnyrs fj'rksa dks n'kkZrk gSA vc isjsaV Ldwy
ds czkaM ds uke ij dqN Hkh cnkZ'r djus dks rS;kj ugha gSa cfYd vc os ml xzkgd ds rkSj ij is'k
vkrs gSa tks iSlk nsus ds cnys vPNh lsok ikus dk gd trkrs gSaA Dyhfudy lkbdksykWftLV d`".kk dqekj
nRRk dgrh gSa fd miHkksDrkokn us f'k{kk dks Hkh izHkkfor fd;k gSA vfHkHkkod f'k{kk ds [kjhnkj ds :i
esa lkeus vk jgs gSaA muds eu esa Ldwy ds fy, oks lEeku ugha jg x;k gS tks igys gqvk djrk FkkA
ehfM;k Hkh Ldwyksa dh xyr Nfo is'k djus dk dke dj jgk gSA egkuxj xYlZ Ldwy dh izkpk;kZ Jqfr
flag dgrh gSa fd vkt ds isjsaV Ldwyksa ls vizkd`frd mEehnsa djus yxs gSaA dksbZ Ldwy ;s dSls tku
ldrk gS cPps us ?kj esa nw/k ih;k gS ;k ugha vFkok mlus ?kj esa fdruh nsj Vhoh ns[kk gSA cky vf/kdkjksa
ds izfr isjsaV esa c<+rh tkx:drk ds dkj.k Hkh Ldwyksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa ds fj'rksa esa cnyko vk;k gSA
blds vykok la;qDr ifjokjksa ds VwVus ds ckn isjsaV pkgrs gSa fd Ldwy gh muds fy, ifjokj ds lnL;ksa
dk dke djsA
gkykafd bu lc cnykoksa dks udkjkRed ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA tSlk fd ,d losZ ^izkbosV
Ldwfyax bu bafM;k % , U;w ,tqds'kuy ySaMLdsi] 2008&bafM;k g~;wesu MsoyiesaV losZ* esa Hkh dgk x;k
gS fd fefMy Dykl xSj ljdkjh Ldwyksa ij isjsaV dh c<+rh fuHkZjrk us Ldwy vkSj f'k{kdksa dh
tokcnsgh dks c<+k;k gS vkSj blls Ldwyksa esa ekgkSy cnyk gSA dqN gn rd ;gh fLFkfr ljdkjh Ldwyksa
esa Hkh gS tgka vfHkHkkod viuk fojks/k fn[kkus yxs gSaA tSlk fd tqykbZ] 2015 dks gqvk tc y[kum ds
ljdkjh izkFkfed fo|ky; esa feM Ms ehy dk nw/k ihus ds ckn 50 cPps chekj iM+ x;s rks ukjkt
vfHkHkkodksa us Ldwy esa rksM+&QksM+ epk nh FkhA
'kgj ds dbZ Ldwyksa esa dkmaflyj dk dke dj pqdha 'kkek ,u crkrh gSa fd cPpksa dh lqj{kk
ds izfr vfrfpafrr vfHkHkkodksa dh vksj ls f'kdk;rksa dk vkuk c<+ x;k gSA pwafd os [kqn vius cPpksa ds
lkFk dkQh de le; O;rhr djrs gSa blfy, cPps esa FkksM+k lk cnyko ns[kus ij Hkh fpafrr vkSj
vfrizfrfdz;koknh gks tkrs gSaA 'kksek dgrh gSa fd cPPks Hkh tksM+&rksM+ djus esa ekfgj gksrs gSaA os tkurs
gSa fd D;k djuk gS ftlls ekrk&firk dh ^uk* ^gka* esa cny tk,xh vkSj os ,slk gh crkZo djus yxrs
gSaA ;gka ij eka&cki dks le>uk gksxk fd cPps dh ^lhek* dgka rd gS vkSj mls ikj djus dh btktr
ugha gksuh pkfg,A os crkrh gSa fd ,d ckj ,d gkbij,fDVo cPps dk ekeyk muds lkeus vk;k tc
cPps ds eka&cki us f'kdk;r dh fd muds cPps dk fjtYV yxkrkj [kjkc gksrk tk jgk gSA f'k{kdksa
us crk;k fd mudk cPpk Dykl esa cqjk crkZo djrk gSA 'kksek dgrh gSa fd ekeys dh rg rd tkus
ds ckn mUgsa irk yxk fd cPps dh eka ?kj esa ,d vkKkdkjh eka dh rjg is'k vkrh gSa tks cPps dks
mUgsa ekjus rd dh btktr ns ldrh gSA ?kj esa ,slk ekgkSy ikus okyk cPpk vius crkZo dks lkekU;
ekuus yxrk gS vkSj le>rk gS fd ,slk O;ogkj ?kj ls ckgj Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA os dgrh gSa fd
,sls ekeyksa dks csgn lathnxh ls lqy>kus dh t:jr gSA
eatjh
xq#dqy
dqy feykdj ;s dgk tk ldrk gS fd Ldwy vkSj isjsaV~l ds chp fo'okl yxkrkj de gksrk tk jgk gSA bls lq/kkjus
esa jkT; cky vf/kdkj laj{k.k vk;ksx dh v/;{k twgh flag yxkrkj iz;kl dj jgh gSaA blds fy, ifCyd Ldwyksa
dks T;knk ftEesnkj vkSj ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk jgk gSA mUgsa viuh Qhl lajpuk dks lkoZtfud djus] vkBoha rd
ds cPpksa dks Qsy ugha djus rFkk 'kkjhfjd naM can djus dks dgk x;k gSA dkyjk ekeys esa os dgrh gSa fd cM+s
?kjksa ds cPps tks cM+s Ldwyksa esa i<+rs gSa] vDlj gekjs lq>koksa dks ekuus ls badkj dj nsrs gSaA dkyjk ekeys esa
ge nksuksa i{kksa dks viuh ckr j[kus dk leku ekSdk nsuk pkgrs Fks ysfdu Ldwy us viuk i{k ugha j[kkA
izkbosV Ldwy viuh Qhl vkSj fNis gq, [kpksZa dks ysdj ges'kk fooknksa esa jgrs gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh isjsaV vius cPpksa
dks mlh esa i<+kuk pkgrs gSa D;ksafd mUgsa xq.koRrkiw.kZ f'k{kk ls vf/kd Ldwy ds cM+s uke vkSj lqfo/kkvksa ls
eryc gksrk gSA 2011 esa foizks vkSj ,tqds'kuy buhf'k,fVo }kjk fd;s x;s ^DokfyVh ,tqds'ku LVMh* esa
ik;k x;k fd ns'k ds 89 cM+s Ldwyksa ds cPps Ldwy dh viuh i<+kbZ ij Hkjkslk j[krs gSa ysfdu muesa
ukxfjd ftEesnkjh] fofo/krkvksa vFkok ySafxd lekurk tSls fo"k;ksa ij csgn de laosnu'khyrk gSA y[kum
ds feysfu;e Ldwy dh fizafliy eatqyk xksLokeh bl ckr ls badkj djrh gSa fd vkt ds nkSj esa isjsaV dks /kedk
dj csodwQ cuk;k tk ldrk gSA mudk dguk gS fd tks eka&cki dsoy Ldwy dk uke ns[kdj cPps dk nkf[kyk
djokrs gSa vkSj cnys esa ijs'kkuh gh ikrs gSa mUgsa ,d ckj vius QSlys
ij lkspuk pkfg,A is'ks ls i=dkj dqylqe rkYgk ,d flaxy enj Fkha vkSj mUgksaus vius
miHkksDrkokn us f'k{kk
csVs dk nkf[kyk 'kgj ds ,d vU; izfrf"Br Ldwy lsaV Qzkafll dkWyst esa djok;k dks Hkh izHkkfor fd;k gSA
FkkA og vius Ldwy dh fdzdsV Vhe dk dIrku Hkh FkkA tc ckjgoha dh ijh{kk
vfHkHkkod f'k{kk ds
ikl vkbZ rks Ldwy us muds csVs dks nks vU; Nk=ksa ds lkFk ijh{kk esa cSBus dh [kjhnkj ds :i esa lkeus
vuqefr ugha nh D;ksafd mudh gkftjh 60 Qhln ls de FkhA izSfDVdy ijh{kk vk jgs gSAa muds eu esa
ds egt rhu fnu igys mls bl ckjs esa crk;k x;kA dqylqe us rqjar gkbZ dksVZ Ldwy ds fy, oks lEeku
dk njoktk [kV[kVk;k tgka ls mUgsa varfje jkgr feyh vkSj csVs dks ijh{kk nsus
ugha jg x;k gS tks
dh vuqefr fey xbZA Ldwy us bl QSlys dks pqukSrh nh ftlds ckn
igys gqvk djrk FkkA
y[kum ihB us QSlys dks cgky j[kk rks ekeyk lqizhe dksVZ rd igqap
ehfM;k Hkh Ldwyksa dh
x;kA ogka Hkh dqylqe dks thr feyhA mudh vihy ij Dykl dh gkftjh
jftLVj dks vnkyr esa yk;k x;k ftlesa ik;k x;k fd muds csVs dks xyr Nfo is'k djus dk
dke dj jgk gSA
dsoy mUgha fnuksa esa vuqifLFkr fn[kk;k x;k Fkk tc oks Ldwy dh rjQ ls fdzdsV
[ksy jgk Fkk! dksVZ ds QSlys ls ckS[kyk, Ldwy us cPPks dk fjtYV jksddj j[kk
rkfd oks fdlh dkWyst esa nkf[kyk u ys ldsA varr % dqylqe dks Hkkjh Qhl nsdj eSustesaV dksVs ls
csVs dk nkf[kyk iq.ks ds ,d dkWyst esa djokuk iM+kA dqylqe us crk;k fd iwjh ?kVuk ls mUgsa ekufld ruko >syuk
iM+k] dke NksM+uk iM+k vkSj muds csVs dk vkRefo'okl VwV x;kA os iwNrh gSa fd vkf[kj Ldwy dh fuxjkuh dkSu
djsxk fd cPps ogka D;k dj jgs gSaA tc ijh{kk esa Nk=ksa ds cSBus ;k u cSBus dk QSlyk pkj fnu igys gksrk
gS rks fQj ijh{kk dh Qhl Ng eghus igys gh D;ksa ys yh tkrh gSA
,d nwljk ekeyk ysrs gSaA ufyuh 'kjn 'kgj ds e'kgwj flVh eksaVsljh Ldwy dh fizafliy jg pqdh gSaA 2011 esa
muds dk;Zdky ds nkSjku 9oha d{kk ds ,d Nk= us vkRegR;k dj yhA Nk= ds vfHkHkkodksa us vkjksi yxk;k
fd muds csVs dks fizafliy us MkaVk vkSj mls viuh iSaV mrkjus ds fy, etcwj fd;k ftlls vkgr gksdj mlus
vkRegR;k dj yhA vfHkHkkodksa us ufyuh ds f[kykQ ekeyk ntZ djk;k vkSj tks vkt rd dksVZ esa gS tcfd
ufyuh fjVk;j gks pqdh gSaA gkykafd iqfyl dh tkap esa mUgsa Dyhu fpV nh tk pqdh gS ysfdu dksVZ us
ml fjiksVZ dks ekuus ls badkj dj fn;k gSA dqN ehfM;k fjiksVksZa esa Hkh ;g crk;k x;k fd fjtYV [kjkc
gksus dh otg ls cPpk ruko esa Fkk vkSj firk dh MkaV ls cpus ds fy, mlus tku ns nhA bafMisaMsaV
Ldwy QsMjs'ku vkWQ bafM;k ds mik/;{k e/kqlwnu nhf{kr Ldwy vkSj xkftZ;u ds chp c<+rh laoknghurk
dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd QsMjs'ku bl nwjh dks de djus dh Hkjld dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA gkykafd
blesa mUgsa Ldwy vkSj isjsaV nksuksa dh rjQ ls i;kZIr enn ugha fey ikrh gSA os dgrs gSa fd Ldwy gekjs
ikl rHkh vkrs gSa tc os ljdkj ;k fdlh foHkkx dh vksj ls ijs'kkuh >syrs gSa tSls fd ikuh ;k fctyh
tSlh leL;k rks nwljh vksj vfHkHkkod Ldwyksa esa gksus okyh cSBdksa esa Hkkx ugha ysrs ysfdu tSls gh mudk cPpk fdlh
eqlhcr esa Qalrk gS rks os ge ij n[ky nsus dk nokc Mkyus yxrs gSaA f'k{kdksa dks dsoy mudh ru[okg ls eryc
gksrk gSA ;s ekufldrk muds chp laokn djus dh laHkkoukvksa dks [kRe dj nsrh gSA
eatjh
fo'ks"kK
13 lky dh cPph D;k tkurh Fkh bl nqfu;k ds ckjs esaA djus ls cpuk pkfg,A fgald] Mjkouh vkSj lsDl vk/kkfjr fQYesa
fj'rksa dks mlus eEeh] ikik vkSj HkkbZ esa gh le>k Fkk tks ;k dk;Zdze cPPkksa ds lkFk u ns[ksa vkSj u gh mUgsa ns[kus nsaA MkWfo'okl vkSj izse ls Hkjs FksA blfy, Qslcqd ij tc mls ,d ^nksLr* fcank flag dgrh gSa fd cPPks ,DlisfjesaVy LoHkko ds gksrs gSaA os tks
feyk rks og Hkh mls mUgha fj'rksa tSlk yxkA nksLrh ijoku p<+h vkSj ns[krs gSa mls [kqn djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA dbZ ckj NksVs cPpksa
^nksLr* us mls feyus ds fy, cqyk;kA [kq'kh ls >werh og cPph vius dks O;Lr j[kus ds fy, ge dkVwZu pSuy yxk nsrs gSa vkSj [kqn dke
^nksLr* ls feyus xbZ ysfdu tc ykSVh rks -----------!
esa yx tkrs gSaA ysfdu gesa ns[kuk gksxk fd mDr dkVwZu dh Hkk"kk
gekjs vkl&ikl dh gh dgkuh gS ;g vkSj vxj ge ugha dSlh gS vkSj mlds pfj= D;k fl[kk jgs gSaA dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,
psrs rks gekjs ?kj dh Hkh gks ldrh gSA og cPph dHkh lkeus rks fd cPPks ds lkFk ge [kqn Hkh cSBdj dkVwZu ns[ksa rkfd mlds
dHkh fNidj Qslcqd ij pSV fd;k djrh FkhA eEeh us
vPNs&cqjs izHkko dks tku ldsaA lkFk gh cPpksa ds Vhoh
ns[k fy;k rks MkaV fn;k ojuk dksbZ ckr ughaA mUgksaus
ns[kus dk le; Hkh r; djuk pkfg,A T;knk Vhoh ns[kus
dHkh ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k ugha dh fd mudh csVh
okys cPps T;knk [kkus dh leL;k ls xzLr gks tkrs gSa
fdlds lkFk pSV dj jgh gSA mldk oks rFkkdfFkr nksLr
vkSj muesa 'kkjhfjd dk;Z djus dh {kerk ?kV tkrh gSA
dkSu gSA vkSj urhtk lcds lkeus gSA lks'ky ehfM;k
os nkSM+us ;k vkmVMksj xse [ksyus ls drjkus yxrs gSa tks
vius vki esa cqjk ugha gS ysfdu tc cPPks mldk
mudh lsgr ds fy, Bhd ugha gSA
bLrseky dj jgs gksa rks lpsr vkSj lrdZ jguk eka&cki
fd'kksjkoLFkk dks thou dk lcls uktqd vkSj laosdh ftEesnkjh gSA
nu'khy fgLlk ekurs gq, MkW- fcank dgrh gSa fd bl mez
iVuk dh [;kr Dyhfudy lkbdkykWftLV MkWds cPpksa dh leL;kvksa dh vksj lHkh dks /;ku nsuk gksxkA
MkW- fcank flag
fcank flag crkrh gSa fd opqZvy QzsaMf'ki ds nkSj esa lHkh
ifjokj ls ysdj ljdkj rd dks bl mez dh t:jrksa
izfl) Dyhfudy
dks lko/kku jguk t:jh gSA pkgs oks dksbZ cPpk gks ;k
vkSj euksHkkoksa dks le>uk gksxkA os dgrh gSa fd ljdlkbdksykWftLV] fcgkj
o;LdA D;ksafd balku dk ;s LoHkko gksrk gS fd og xyr
kjh Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys cPps&cfPp;ksa vFkok >qfXx;ksa
phtksa dh vksj tYnh vkdf"kZr gksrk gS vkSj vPNh ckrksa dh vuns[kh vkSj Lye esa jgus okys cPpksa dks mudh mez ds eqrkfcd lHkh izdkj
djrk tkrk gSA Qslcqd] fV~oVj] OgkV~l,i tSls lks'ky ehfM;k ij dh ckrksa dh lgh tkudkjh nsuk cgqr t:jh gSA futh Ldwy rks
QthZ uke ls vkd"kZd vdkmaV cukus okys yksxksa dh deh ugha gS vius Lrj ls fd'kksj Nk=&Nk=kvksa dh dkmaflfyax djkrs gSa ysfdu
tks eklwe yksxksa dks ^nksLr* cukdj muds lkFk f[kyokM+ djrs gSaA ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa dksbZ dke ugha gk jgkA ogka Hkh cPpksa dks lsDl]
MkW- fcank dgrh gSa fd vfHkHkkodksa dks u rks cgqr T;knk l[rh ls ekfld pdz vkSj vius 'kjhj ls tqM+h vU; ckrksa ds ckjs esa crkuk
vkSj u gh vR;f/kd f<ykbZ ls is'k vkuk pkfg,A mUgsa vius cPpksa pkfg,A blds fy, fdlh izksQs'kuy dkmaflyj dh enn ysuh pkfg,
ds lkFk nksLr dh rjg jgus vkSj vius lkFk gj ckr lk>k djus vkSj fo'ks"kdj yM+fd;ksa ds Ldwy esa efgyk dkmaflyj dks gh tkuk
dh muesa vknr Mkyuh pkfg,A eka&cki dks cPpksa ds lkFk HkkoukRed pkfg,A lkFk gh ?kj esa eka&cki ;fn vius cPpksa dks bu phtksa ds
laca/k fodflr djuk pkfg, rkfd os muls Mj dj ;k 'kjek dj ckjs esa crk,a rks cPps xqejkg gksus ls cp tkrs gSaA os crkrh gSa fd
dksbZ ckr fNik u ldsaA blds vykok ,d ckr tks egRoiw.kZ gS oks fd'kksj mez ds cPps dbZ rjg dh Hkzkafr;ksa esa iM+dj xyr jkLrs ij
;g fd cPpksa dk dEI;wVj dkWeu :e ;k gkWy esa jguk pkfg, ftlls py nsrs gSa tks varr% muds fy, ?kkrd fl) gksrk gSA xqIr jksxksa
os tks djsa lcds lkeus djsaA izkboslh ds uke ij cPpksa esa xyr ds bykt ds uke ij iSls olwyus okys >ksykNki MkWDVj ,sls cPpksa
vknr u iM+s bldk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A lkFk gh NksVh mez esa cPpksa dk xyr Qk;nk mBkrs gSaA
dks LekVZ Qksu nsus ls Hkh cpuk pkfg,A MkWDVj dgrh gSa fd yxkrkj
MkW- fcank lqjf{kr vkSj [kq'kgky cpiu ds fy, Ldwyksa dh
lks'ky ehfM;k esa jgus okys fd'kksjo; cPps vDlj igpku dh ladV Hkwfedk dks csgn egRoiw.kZ ekurh gSaA gj cPpk vkRefo'okl ls iw.kZ
ls xqtjus yxrs gSaA opqZvy fj'rksa esa jgrs&jgrs os vius okLrfod gks blds fy, t:jh gS fd gj cPPks dks ekSdk feysA Ldwyksa esa f'k{kd
fj'rksa dks gh fcxkM+us yxrs gSa ftUgsa laHkkyuk cgqr eqf'dy gksrk blesa egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA dsoy dqN gh cPpksa dks rjthg
gSA
u nsdj mUgsa gjsd cPps dh izfrHkk dks le>us vkSj mls lkeus ykus
blh rjg Vhoh ij cPps D;k ns[k jgs gSa ;g ns[kuk Hkh dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A blds vykok Ldwyksa esa lsDl ,tqds'ku
eka&cki dk gh dke gSA NksVs ;k fd'kksj mez ds cPpksa ds lkFk cSBdj vkSj uSfrd ewY;ksa nksuksa dh f'k{kk nh tkuh pkfg, rHkh ge dke;kc
Vhoh ns[kus ls igys ;s tku ysa fd fn[kk, tkus okys /kkjkokfgd ;k dy dh mEehn dj ldsaxsA
fQYe dSlh gSA dsoy vius euksjatu ds fy, mudk Hkfo"; [kjkc
eatjh
cky rLdjh
dgka igqp
a x
s h ckr
w ihlhvkj] thvkjih
vkih,] ,ltsihvks]
,,pVhvks] ,llhvkjch
vkSj ,u,lvkjch rd
izpkfjr dh tk,xh
cPpk [kksus dh ckr
eatjh
cky rLdjh
yM+dksa dks Hkh rLdjh dk f'kdkj gksrk iM+rk gSA e/;&iwoZ ds ns'kksa
vkSj nqcbZ esa maV nkSM+ ds fy, xjhc yM+dksa dks Hkstk tkrk gSA bl
vekuoh; [ksy esa maV dh ihB ij NksVs cPPkksa dks cka/kdj maVksa dks
nkSM+k;k tkrk gSA cPPks jksrs gSa rks ogka ekStwn jbZlksa dk euksjatu
gksrk gSA bl nkSjku dbZ cPpksa dks xaHkhj pksV vkrh gS rks dbZ dh
ekSr Hkh gks tkrh gSA blds vykok lsDl dkjksckj vkSj ca/kqvk etnwjh
ds fy, Hkh Hkkjrh; cPpksa dh bu ns'kksa esa rLdjh dh tkrh gSA bruk
gh ugha gt ds nkSjku fHk{kko`fRr ds fy, lmnh vjc esa cPpksa dh
cM+h ekax gksrh gS vkSj ml le; Hkkjr ls cPPkksa dh rLdjh dh [kcjsa
vkrh jgrh gSaA ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd djhc Ms<+ gtkj cPps gj
lky lmnh Hksts tkrs gSaA cPpksa ds ekeys dks ysdj ljdkj fdruh
xaHkhj gS bldk vanktk jk"Vzh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx dh ,d fjiksVZ
ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS ftlds eqrkfcd ns'k esa gj lky 40 gtkj
cPPkksa ds ykirk gksus dk ekeyk ntZ djk;k tkrk gS ftlesa ls 11
gtkj cPpksa dk dksbZ irk ugha py ikrk gSA Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa ds
vuqeku ds eqrkfcd] ns'k esa gj lky 12 gtkj ls ysdj 50 gtkj
rd efgyk,a vkSj cPps dsoy lsDl dkjksckj ds fy, [kjhns vkSj csps
tkrs gSaA bldh iqf"V bl vkadM+s ls gksrh gS fd ns'k esa os';ko`fRr
ds /ka/ks esa 40 Qhln cPps gSaA Hkkjr esa os';ko`fRr esa fyIr 16 lky
ls de mez dh 2 yk[k cfPp;ka usiky dh gSaA vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd]
jktLFkku] vle] es?kky;] fcgkj] mRRkj izns'k] vka/kz izns'k] dukZVd]
rfeyukMq vkSj egkjk"Vz esa cfPp;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dh [kjhn&fcdzh
T;knk dh tkrh gSA fnYyh vkSj xksok esa budh ekax vf/kd gSA
eatjh
cky rLdjh
eatjh
cky fookg
eatjh
cky fookg
Jksr % xYlZukWVczkbM-vkxZ
eatjh
fcgkj dk gky
11 ls 18 o"kZ rd dh fd'kksfj;ksa ds
laiw.kZ fodkl ds fy, o"kZ 2011&12 esa
^lcyk* dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA bl
dk;Zdze dk eq[; mn~ns'; fd'kksj o;
yM+fd;ksa dks vkRefuHkZj cukuk] mudh
{kerk ,oa n{krk dk lao)Zu djuk rFkk
muesa vkRefo'okl txkuk gSA blds
rgr vU; ;kstukvksa dk ykHk rks feyrk
gh gS lkFk gh fd'kksfj;ksa dks ^Vsd gkse
jk'ku* ;kuh ?kj ys tkus ds fy, Hkkstu
Hkh feyrk gSA jkT; esa ;g ;kstuk 12
ftyksa esa py jgh gS ftuesa iVuk] cDlj]
x;k] vkSjaxkckn] lhrke<+h] if'pe
paikj.k] oS'kkyh] lgjlk] fd'kuxat]
dfVgkj] ckadk vkSj eqaxsj 'kkfey gSaA
^lcyk* ds varxZr tks dk;Zdze pyk,
tkrs gSa muesa 16 ls 18 lky dh
yM+fd;ksa ds fy, dkS'ky izf'k{k.k] iks"k.k
,oa LokLF; ls tqM+h tkudkfj;ka] ifjokj
fu;kstu rFkk cPpksa dh ns[kHkky o
lqj{kk ls tqM+s dk;Zdze 'kkfey gSaA
eatjh
fcgkj dk gky
vkSj fdrkcksa dh deh tSls dkj.k cPpksa dks Ldwy tkus ls jksdrs
gSaA bl le; jkT; esa gj d{kk esa vkSlru 50 fo|kFkhZ gSa tks fd
jk"Vzh; Lrj ij 30 gS tcfd gj 50 cPpksa ds fy, ;gka ,d f'k{kd
ekStwn gS vkSj ;g Hkh jk"Vzh; vkSlr ds fglkc ls cgqr T;knk gSA
blh rjg 2006&07 ds fMfLVzDV buQkWesZ'ku flLVe QkWj ,tqds'ku
(MhvkbZ,lbZ) dh fjiksVZ ij xkSj djsa rks ik,axs fd izkbejh Lrj ij
Ldwy esa nkf[kyk djokus okys cPPkksa esa fcgkj dk LFkku ns'k ds
vxz.kh 20 jkT;ksa esa vkrk gS tcfd vij izkbejh ysoy ij ;g ns'k
ds lcls ihNs ds 20 jkT;ksa esa pyk tkrk gSA ;kuh d{kk c<+us ds
lkFk gh cPpksa ds Ldwy ls MzkWi vkmV dh nj Hkh c<+rh tkrh gSA
gkykafd o"kZ 2006 ds eqdkcys 2014&15 esa jkT; esa MzkWi vkmV dh
nj esa 2-1 Qhln dh deh vkbZ gSA
dqiks"k.k
f'k{kk
tqou
s kby tfLVl
cky fookg
eatjh
cky Je
ns'k esa cky Je dh xaHkhjrk dks fuEu vkadM+ksa ls le> ldrs gSa %
w ns'k esa gj 11 cPps esa ls ,d etnwjh djrk gSA
w 80 Qhln cky Jfed xkaoksa esa ekStwn gSa ftuesa gj pkj esa ls
rhu cPpk d`f"k dk;Z vFkok ?kjsyw m|ksxksa esa layXu gSA
w ns'k Hkj ds cky Jfedksa esa ls vk/ks eq[;r% ikap jkT;ksa esa dke
dj jgs gSa ftuesa fcgkj] mRRkj izns'k] jktLFkku] e/; izns'k vkSj
egkjk"Vz 'kkfey gSaA
w tksf[ke Hkjs dkeksa esa fd'kksjksa dh la[;k djhc 20-7 Qhln gS
tcfd ,sls dkeksa esa o;Ldksa dh la[;k 25 Qhln gSA
w cky Jfedksa dk 62-8 Qhln 15 ls 17 lky ds chp ds oSls cPPks
gSa tks tksf[ke Hkjs dkeksa esa yxs gSaA
w [krjukd dkeksa esa yxs 10 Qhln fd'kksjo; cPPks ikfjokfjd
dkj[kkuksa esa dke djrs gSaA
w [krjukd dkeksa esa yxs 70 Qhln fd'kksj i<+kbZ ugha djrsA
Jksr % chih-CykWxLikWV-dkWe
eatjh
cnyko ds lkjFkh
dzkbZ
cPpksa
dks
etnwjh djrs
ns[k O;fFkr dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ us 1980 esa cpiu cpkvks
vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA ftl nkSj esa dSyk'k cPpksa
dh vkokt cus] ml le; cky etwnjh u rks jk"Vzh; ppkZ dk
fo"k; Fkh vkSj u gh bl ij ehfM;k esa dksbZ cgl gksrh FkhA
urhtru bldks ysdj dksbZ l'kDr dkuwu Hkh vey esa ugha yk;k
tk ldk FkkA lkFk gh bldk fojks/k djuk Hkh csgn [krjukd ekuk
tkrk FkkA lcds ckotwn cpiu cpkvks vkanksyu us tks yM+kbZ NsM+h
mlus u dsoy ns'k cfYd iwjh nqfu;k esa Hkh cPPkksa dh vktknh dk
'ka[kukn dj fn;kA rc ls ysdj vkt rd cpiu cpkvks vkanksyu
us 82 gtkj ls vf/kd cPpksa dks 'kks"k.k ls eqDr djk;k gSA blds
iz;klksa dk gh urhtk gS fd ns'k esa cky Je fu"ks/k vkSj cky rLdjh
fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e lgh vkdkj ys ldsA chch, us eq[; :i ls bZaV
HkV~Bksa ij dke djus okys] iRFkj dwVus okys] dkyhu cukus tSls
tksf[ke Hkjs dkeksa esa yxs cPpksa dks eqDr djkus esa egrh Hkwfedk
fuHkkbZ gSA 1990 esa eqfDr vkJe cukdj chch, us ,d vkSj cM+h
miyfC/k gkfly dhA bl vkJe esa eqDr djkdj yk, x, cky
etnwjksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA chch, us ,slh dbZ vufxur jkgsa
cukbZ gSa ftu ij pydj cPPkksa dks vktknh dh eafty feyrh gS
vkSj blh dk Qy gS fd 2015 esa dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ dks fo'o ds lcls
izfrf"Br ukscsy 'kkafr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
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