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Applebecomesagreenenergy
supplier
Apple'smovecomesaspricesforrenewableenergycontinuetoplummet
DianeCardwell
August25,2016LastUpdatedat00:16IST

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AlthoughmuchofApple'smanufacturingisdoneoffshore,itstillhas

Renewableenergygetsnew
leaseoflife

extensiveneedsforelectricpowerintheUnitedStatesandnotonlyfor

DelhiMetroputsgreenenergy
onnewtrack

Cupertino,California,andits270retailstoresaroundthecountry.

Jayalalithaaseekstoexpedite
interstategreenenergy
corridor

OneofApple'sbiggestdemandsforelectricitycomesfromoperatingthe

EightstatestoofferRs5,000
croregreengridprojects

thesprawlingnewcorporatecampusitisbuildingatitsheadquartersin

computingcloudthroughwhichitsellsapps,musicandvideostousers
ofitsiPhones,iPadsandMaccomputers.

Apple,energystocksdragdown
WallStreet

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Apple'smovecomesaspricesforrenewableenergycontinuetoplummet.Andsigninglongtermcontracts
allowsbusinessestoshieldthemselvesfrompotentiallyhigher,morevolatilechargesfromapowercompany.
ApplewouldnotsayhowmuchitwaspayingforCaliforniaFlats'senergy,butJacksonsaidlastyearataWall
StreetJournalconferencethatitwaslessthanwhatitpaidforcommercialpower.Shesaidsheexpectedthe
companytosavehundredsofmillionsofdollarsoverthelifeofthecontract.
Google,whichreceiveditsfederalenergywholesaledesignationfromtheFederalEnergyRegulatory
Commissionin2010,isabigproponentoftheapproachAppleisnowtaking.
"Runninganykindofbusiness,having
predictabilityintermsofyouroperatingcostscan
beveryimportant,"saidGaryDemasi,directorof
operationsfordatacenterenergyandlocation
strategyatGoogle,whichhasbeenaleading
investorinanduserofcleanenergy."Renewable
energy,fromacostperspective,isnow
competitivewithotherformsofenergy,much
moresothanitwasafewyearsago."
IntheUnitedStates,thegeneratingcapacityof
corporatecleanenergyprojectshasmorethan
doubledeachyearsince2013,accordingtothe

BusinessRenewablesCenterattheRocky
MountainInstitute,whichtrackspublicly
announceddeals.In2015,11companiessigned
upfor3.23gigawatts'worthofprojects,roughly
theequivalentoffivecoalplantsandupfrom1.18
gigawattstheyearbefore.
Executivesfacegreaterpressurefrom
shareholdersandcustomerstoshowthatthey

aredoingtheirparttofightclimatechange.Atthesametime,corporateenergyusehasexploded,driveninmany
casesbytheravenousdemandsofthedatacloud.
"Weareallbecomingverylargeenergyplayers,andthisisashift,"saidBrianJanous,directorofenergy
strategyatMicrosoft."EnergyisnotsomethingthatMicrosoftorAmazonorGooglereallyeverhadtothinkmuch
aboutpriortotheadventofthecloud."
HelpingdrivethatshiftareenvironmentalgroupsliketheWorldResourcesInstitute.InMay,ithelpedcreatethe
RenewableEnergyBuyersAlliance,acoalitionofnonprofitsthathasmorethan60corporationsinitsnetwork,
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includingMcDonald'sandGeneralMotors,aswellasGoogleandWalmart.
Electricutilitieshavebeguntorespondbycreatingproductsandservicestomeetthecorporatedemandfor
cleanenergy,saidLethaTawney,theWorldResourcesInstitute'sdirectorofutilityinnovation.Onesuchproduct
isagreentariff.ItwaspioneeredinNorthCarolinabyDukeEnergyandisnowunderconsiderationinabouta
dozenstates.Itallowscompaniestodesignatethattheyarepayingforarenewableenergysupply.Anotherisa
syntheticorvirtualpowerpurchaseagreement,underwhichcompaniescontracttobuytheoutputofaclean
powerplant,asAppleisdoingwithCaliforniaFlats.
Althoughthecompaniessaythesearrangementsmeantheyarerunningtheirbusinessesonrenewableenergy,
inrealitythecleanpoweroftendoesnotflowdirectlytotheirfacilities.Theytypicallybuytherenewableenergyin
amountstomatchwhattheydrawfromthegridasystemofswapsthatJacksonofApplelikenedtousingan
ATM."Thedollaryoudepositinthebankmightnotbetheexactsamebillthatyougetout,"shesaid.
RobertFShapiro,apartneratthelawfirmChadbourne&Parkewhofocusesonprojectfinanceandenergy,
describesitasmeaningfulsymbolism."They'reactuallygettingpowerfromtheirlocalutility,whichmaybecoal,"
Shapirosaid."Butthey'redeemedtohaveputintotheworldcarbonneutralenergy,whichtheyaredeemedto
haveusedfortheirload."
Tokeeptrackofthecleanenergycredits,powergeneratorsworkwithregistriestoissuenumberedcertificates.
"Thepowerflowsintothegrid.Theelectronsgowheretheygo,"Tawneysaid."Butbecausethere'sarenewable
energycertificate,nooneelsecanclaimthesamezerocarbonbenefit."
Suchcomplexitiesarenecessary,executivesandcleanenergyadvocatessay,becauseitisnotoftenfeasibleto

installenoughrenewablepowergeneratorsatcorporatesitestomeetcompanies'fullenergyneeds.
Walmart,despitehavinginstalledsolarpanels,windturbinesandfuelcellsatstoresanddistributioncenters,can
nonethelessmeetonlyaboutathirdofthoseoperations'energyneeds.Soitalsobuysrenewableenergyfrom
generatorsandutilities,saidDavidOzment,directorofenergyatWalmartstores.
Procter&Gamble,anothermemberoftheenergybuyers'alliance,hasarrangedtopurchaseallofthesteam
fromabiomassgeneratorunderconstructionataplantinGeorgiawhereitmakesCharmintoiletpaperand
Bountypapertowels,saidJackMcAneny,thecompany'sdirectorofsustainability.
Butthatwaspossible,hesaid,onlybecauseoftheplant'slocationnearasourceofwastewoodandpulpforfuel
andthecooperationofP&G'spartners.Amongthosepartnersarethelocalutility,GeorgiaPower,whichwillbuy
theelectricityfromthegeneratorforitscustomersfromConstellation,thecompanythatdevelopedandwillown
andoperatethegenerator.
AtApple,wherethepurchaseorproductionofrenewableenergyhasmorethantripledsince2012,thecompany
wouldprefertonothavetogotogreatlengthstoensureacleanenergysupply,Ms.Jacksonsaid.Butthepublic
energygridissimplystilltoodependentoncarbonbasedfuelstomakethatpossible.

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"Ifwehadourpreference,we'djustbeabletosay,'Wewant100percentgreenpowereverywhereweuse
power,'"Ms.Jacksonsaid."Thebestwouldbeifwecouldruneveryoneofourstores,everyoneofourdata
centers,everyofficecomplex,everybuildingwehave,on100percentrenewableandifwedidn'thavetospend
awholebunchofourtimeandenergyfiguringouthowtogetthatdone."
2016TheNewYorkTimesNewsService
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