Q6.

The table below gives information about three fuels that can be used in
cars.
shows a substance is produced when the fuel burns. X shows a
substance is not produced when the fuel burns.
fuel

physicalst
energy
ate
released,
in kJ/kg

petrol

liquid

48 000

hydrog
en

gas

121 000

ethanol
(alcoho
l)

liquid

30 000

some of the substances

produced when the fuel
burns
carbon
monoxide

sulphur
dioxide

water

(a) Which fuel, in the table, releases the least energy per kilogram (kg)?
1 mark
(b) Some scientists say that if hydrogen is burned as a fuel there will be less
pollution. From the information in the table, give one reason why there will be
less pollution.
(c) Which of the three fuels in the table can be compressed into a small
container?

1 mark

1 mark
(d) Which gas in the air is needed for fuels to burn?
1 mark
(e) Petrol and ethanol are both fuels. Petrol is made from oil. Scientists say that
oil could run out in 100 years. In some countries people plant sugar cane and use
it to make ethanol. Sugar cane will not run out. Explain why.
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q3. Some pupils are designing a web page about energy resources. Their design
is shown below. It is not quite finished

(a) To complete the web page, the pupils want to add a drawing of some fossil
fuels. Give the names of twofossil fuels.
(b) Four energy resources are labelled on the web page:

2 marks

o water behind dams

o the wind
o fossil fuels
o wood
How many of these can be used to generate electricity?

Q2.

1 mark
Maximum 3 marks

(a) The photographs above show ways of getting energy from three different
energy resources. On the line under each photograph write the name of the
energy resource.
Choose from the list below.
3 marks
(b) Name one fossil fuel.
1 mark
(c) Complete the sentence below.
The purpose of the machine in photograph 'A' is to generate ..
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q10. Coal is a non-renewable energy resource. Wood is a renewable energy
resource.

(a) Give two other non-renewable energy resources.

(b) Why can wood be described as a renewable energy resource?
(c) Give two other renewable energy resources.

2 marks
1 mark

2 marks
(d) Complete the statement below to describe what happens when wood burns.
When wood burns, chemical energy in the wood is transformed
into .............................. energy, which is transferred to the surroundings.
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks
Q12.

Energy comes from a variety of sources. Complete the table below. The first
one has been done for you.
Energy
Resource

Source of enegy
Directly from the

Indirectly from the

Not from the

Sun

Sun

Sun

wind
nuclear
hydro-electric
solar
geothermal
oil
5 marks
Q11. The tides can be used to generate electricity. A dam is built across a
river estuary, as shown below.

(a) The water is higher on one side of the dam than on the other. As the water
begins to flow through the dam it turns a turbine. The turbine generates
electricity. Describe the useful energy changes which take place in this process.
2 marks
(b) Explain why tides are classified as a renewable energy source.
1 mark
(c) Give one way, other than from the tides, of generating electricity by using
the sea.
1 mark
(d) Apart from cost, give one advantage and one disadvantage of an oil-fired
power station compared with a tidal power station.
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks
Q7. Oil is an important energy resource. It provides about 38% of the energy
used for transport, heating and generating electricity.

(a) The energy stored in oil came from the Sun. Describe how energy from the
Sun became stored in oil.
2 marks

(b)
(i) Oil can be described as a non-renewable energy resource. Explain why.

1 mark
(ii) Choose two non-renewable energy resources from the list below:

coal

wind

solar

tidal

natural gas

wave

2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q18. The flow of water through tubes can be used as a model to explain some
of the rules about electrical circuits.

The diagram shows a junction in a water pipe. The rate of flow in the pipes is
measured in cm3/s.
(a) What is the relationship between the rate of flow in the three pipes, X, Y
and Z?
1 mark
(b) The diagram below shows a 'water circuit', in which water is forced round by
a pump. The rates of flow at two places are written on the diagram.

(i) Complete the table below:

Rate of water
flow into the
pump /(cm3/s)

Rate of water
flow out ofthe
pump /(cm3/s)

1 mark
(ii) The 'water circuit' can be used as a model of an electrical circuit. Each part
of the 'water circuit' is equivalent to a part of an electrical circuit. What is the
electrical equivalent of the water?
1 mark
A family, who did not understand electricity very well, always made sure there
was a bulb in each of the light fittings in their house. They were afraid that
electricity would escape from an empty light socket when the switch was turned
on.
(c) Explain why electricity does not escape from an empty light socket.
1 mark
Total 4 marks
Q5. A pupil makes some electrical circuits. Each circuit contains a motor and a
buzzer.
The motor and the buzzer can be switched on or off by three switches, A, B and
C.
For each circuit diagram, state whether:
(i) the motor is on or off
(ii) the buzzer is on or off.
(a)

1 mark
(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark
Q9. Pressure pads can be used to set off burglar alarms. The alarm is set off
when someone steps on the pad. The alarm works by sounding a buzzer or
switching on a lamp or both.
The symbols for a pressure pad is:

Here are five circuit diagrams. Look carefully at the five circuit diagrams.

Tick the correct box in the table below to show what is happening in each
circuit.
Circuit
Diagram
A
B
C
D

The buzzer is
on and the
lamp is off

The lamp is
on and the
buzzer is off

Both the
buzzer and
the lamp are
on

The buzzer
and the lamp
are both off

E
5 marks
Q11. A pupil connects a battery, an electric bell and some wires. Her circuit is
shown in the diagram.

(a) Why does the bell not ring?

She adds a shiny steel pin as shown in the diagram below.

1 mark

(b) Why does the bell ring now?

1 mark
(c) She replaces the shiny steel pin with a wooden matchstick. Why does the
bell not ring?
1 mark
(d) She replaces the matchstick with a very rusty steel pin. The bell does not
ring. Suggest why.
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

Q20. The drawing shows a torch. The torch is switched on but does not work.
Choose three things which could be wrong.

A: there is no battery
B: the glass is broken
C: the plastic case is broken
D: the switch is broken
E: the bulb is broken
F: the battery is cold
3 marks
(b) The diagrams below show the symbols for three parts of the torch circuit.

(i) Give the name of each part.

3 marks
(ii) Draw a circuit diagram to show how these three parts are connected in a
torch.
1 mark
Total 7 marks
Q3.
(a) Some of the statements in the list describe forces, and some do not.
Choose thre statements that describe forces:
A

the movement of a car travelling along a road

the push of a jet engine on an aeroplane.

the flow of electricity through a light bulb.

the weight of a book on a table.

the pull of a horse pulling a cart.

the speed of a hockey ball flying through the air.

3 marks
(b) A girl returns a volleyball. The diagram shows the path of the ball after she
has returned it.

How can you tell from the path of the ball that there is a force acting on the
ball?
1 mark
(c) The drawing shows a trolley rolling along a table from A to B. Then another
force acts on the trolley. This is shown by the arrow on the drawing.

What effect does this force have?

W

It makes the trolley go faster.

It makes the trolley go slower.

It makes the trolley change direction.

It has no effect.
1 mark

Q1. The diagram shows a firework rocket.

(a) Three forces act as the rocket flies through the air. Which arrows show the
directions of these three forces?
(b) When there is no fuel left, the rocket falls to the ground.
(i) Give the name of the force which pulls it down.

3 marks

1 mark
(ii) Give the name of the force which acts against the motion of the rocket.

1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q5. Sarah made a cotton reel vehicle like the one shown in the diagram. The
pencil is wound round and round so that it winds up the rubber band. A piece of
candle wax next to the cotton reel lets the rubber band slowly unwind.

(a) As the rubber band unwinds, the candle wax slips and the cotton reel turns.
Name the force which acts between the cotton reel and the candle wax.
1 mark
(b) Sarah tested the vehicle by letting it run along a horizontal table top.
(i) She noticed that the vehicle gradually slowed down. Give the reason for this.
1 mark
(ii) Describe what Sarah could do to make the rubber band move this vehicle
faster.
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks

Q4.
(a) A railway engine is being used to try to pull a wagon along a level track. The
wagon's brakes are on, and the wagon does not move.
(i) Draw one arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force which
prevents the wagon from moving.
1 mark

(ii) Is the force which prevents the wagon from moving greater than, equal to or
less than the pull of the engine?
1 mark

(b)
(i) When the wagon's brakes are off, the engine pulls the wagon forwards. A
frictional force also acts on the wagon. In what direction does the frictional
force act?

1 mark
(ii) The pull of the engine is 5000 N. When the wagon's speed is increasing, how
large is the frictional force?
A

zero

between 0 and 5000 N

5000 N

more than 5000 N

1 mark
(c) After a while, the wagon travels at a steady speed. The engine is still pulling
with a force of 5000 N. How large is the frictional force now?
A

zero

between 0 and 5000 N

5000 N

more than 5000 N

1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q7. The drawing shows a snow-buggy being pulled by a sail. The buggy rests on
three skis on the snow.

(a) The drawing above shows four forces that act when the snow-buggy is
moving.
Draw a line from each force in the list below to the correct letter from the
diagram. Draw only three lines.

(b) A scientist travelled 80 kilometres each day in the buggy. How many
kilometres did he travel in 10 days?

3 marks

1 mark
(c) The buggy carried the scientist, food and equipment for the journey. The
table shows how the total mass changed.
total mass at start

total mass at end of

mass of buggy, scientist, food

and equipment

of journey (kg)

journey (kg)

295

130

The buggy sank deeper into the snow at the start of the journey than at the
end. Why did it sink deeper at the start? Use the table to help you.
1 mark
(d) The buggy rests on three skis instead of three wheels. Why are skis better
than wheels for travelling on snow?
2 marks
(e) When a bigger sail is used, the buggy goes faster. How does a bigger sail
help the buggy to go faster?
2 marks
Maximum 9 marks
Q6. In a storm, a small ship was blown onto a beach. Now it is calm and there is
no wind. A tugboat is trying to pull the ship off the beach.

(a) The tugboat pulls the ship with a force of 25 000 N. The ship does not move
because of the force of friction acting on it.
(i) What is the size of the frictional force acting on the ship?
A

zero

more than zero but less than 25 000 N

25 000 N

more than 25 000 N

1 mark
(ii) Add an arrow to the drawing to show the direction of the frictional force
acting on the ship.
1 mark
(b) When the tide is higher, the tugboat again pulls the ship with a steady force
of 25 000 N. The ship begins to move.
Once the ship is off the beach, the tugboat continues to pull the ship with a
force of 25 000 N. A frictional force due to the water acts on the ship.

(i) At first, the speed of the ship increases.

Which of the following best describes the frictional force acting on the ship
while its speed is increasing.
A

zero

more than zero but less than 25 000 N

25 000 N

more than 25 000 N

1 mark
(ii) After a short while, the ship reaches a steady speed. The tugboat continues
to pull with a force of 25 000 N.
which of the following best describes the frictional force acting on the ship
while it is going at a steady speed.
A

zero

more than zero but less than 25 000 N

25 000 N

more than 25 000 N

1 mark
(iii) The ship is towed to the north. What is the direction of the frictional force
acting on the ship?
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks