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. PREAMBLE We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of

Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the
common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality,
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
2.Principles
3.SECTION 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates
from them.
4.Manifestations of a democratic and republican state. The observance
of the rule of the majority. The observance of the principle that ours is a
government of laws, and not of men. The presence of elections through
popular will. The observance of the principle of separation of powers and
the system of checks and balances. The observance of the principle that
the legislature cannot pass irreparable laws. The observance of the law
on public officers . The observance of the principle that the State cannot
be sued without its consents. The existence of a bill of rights. Section 1
5.Sovereignty of the People - Sovereignty is the supreme power to
govern. It lies in the hands of the Filipino people who have the right to
choose the type of government they want and to define the powers it shall
hold and exercise. It is their right to abolish their government and form
a new one and organize it in such form as seems to them best for their
welfare and happiness. Section 1
6. Sovereignty is exercised indirectly Through public officials elected
by the people. Officials appointed by the elected officials. Sovereignty
is exercised directly Suffrage. Peoples Participation 1. Multi-Party
System 2. Party-list system 3. Peoples Organization 4. System of Initiative
and Referendum 5. Plebiscite Section 1
7.SECTION 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national
policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part
of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice,
freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
8.Renunciation of war as instrument of national policy. Philippines
cannot declare war on another country The country can only declare an
existing state of war. Section 2
9.Adoption of the generally accepted principles of international law as
part of the countrys own law. When international usage to be applied
A treaty has force of a statute Constitution prevails over a treaty
Section 2
10.Adherence to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations. Philippines seek peace and unity
with the neighboring countries all over the world regardless of race,
ideology, and political system on the basis of mutual trust, respect and
cooperation. Section 2
11.SECTION 3. Civilian authority is at all times, supreme over the military.
The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the
State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of
the national territory.
12.Supremacy of the Civilian Authority Inherent in a republican system
Safeguard against military dictatorship As commander-in-chief Issues
orders to the armed forces Appoints high ranking officers Determines
military budget Defines the national policy in defense and security
Section 3
13.AFP: Protector of the people and the State 1. Fearsome image acquired
during martial rule 2. Constitutional mandates shall be the protector of

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people and State respect for peoples right 3. Support of the people
Section 3
14.SECTION 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect
the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State
and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under
conditions provided by law, to render person military or civil service.
15.Prime duty of the Government To serve and protect people
Government exist for the people and not the people for the government.
Section 4
16.Defense of the State by the people against foreign aggression The
defense of the state is one of the duties of a citizen. Section 4
17.Military and civil service by the people 1. Defense of State performed
through an army 2. Compulsory 3. Meaning of civil service 4. Personal 5.
By law Section 4
18.Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life,
liberty, and property, and the promotion of the general welfare are
essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of
democracy.
19.Maintenance of Peace and Order, etc. Art. XVI, Sec. 6 Art. III, Sec. 1
Sec. 11 PREAMBLE Section 5
20.Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
21.Principle of separation of the Church and State Art. III, Sec. 5 No
law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion. Art. VI, Sec.
29 No public money or property shall ever be appropriated, applied,
paid or employed, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of
any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution or system of religion.
Section 6
22.Meaning of establishment of religion clause A wall of separation
between the church and the state - Thomas Jefferson Section 6
23.1. The State shall have no official religion. 2. The State cannot set up a
church, whether or not supported with public funds; nor aid one religion,
aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. 3. Every person is free
to profess belief or disbelief in any religion. 4. Every religious minister is
free to practice his calling. 5. The State cannot punish a person for
entertaining or professing religious beliefs or disbeliefs. Section 6
24.No hostility towards religion 1. Constitution and laws exempt from
taxation properties devoted exclusively to religious purposes. 2. The use of
public money is not prohibited to the armed forces, or to any penal
institution. 3. Optional religious instruction in public elementary and high
schools is by constitutional mandate allowed. 4. Thursday and Friday of
Holy Week, Christmas Day and Sundays are made legal holidays. 5. Crimes
against religious worship are considered crimes against law. Section 6
25.State Policies
26.Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its
relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national
sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to selfdetermination.
27.Foreign policy of the Philippines An instrument of domestic policy
Pursuit of an independent foreign policy Paramount consideration
Section 7
28.SECTION 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest,
adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its
territory.
29.Freedom from Nuclear Weapons As subject to exception As an
absolute ban Section 8

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30.Exceptions The use of nuclear for: Medicine Agriculture And

other beneficial purposes If the national interest so requires The
storing of nuclear weapons in our territory Section 8
31.SECTION 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order
that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the
people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services,
promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved
quality of life for all.
32.Just and Dynamic Social Order This is accomplished through policies
that: Provide sufficient social services (in the field of health, education,
housing, etc). Promote full employment. A rising standard of living.
Improve quality of life for all. Section 9
33.Solving the problem of mass poverty Establishment of a just and
humane society Reduce the political economic power of a privileged
Equalizing widely standards and opportunities for advancement
Eradicate poverty Section 9
34.SECTION 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of
national development.
35.The State must give preferential attention to the welfare of the: less
fortunate the poor uneducated underprivileged disabled Section
10
36.SECTION 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and
guarantees full respect for human rights.
37.Human Rights Belief in inherent dignity of every human person
basis of human right A human person is a being not a thing. In a
democratic state, the individual enjoys certain rights which cannot be
modified or taken away by the lawmaking body. Section 11
38.SECTION 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall
protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution.
It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from
conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the
rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral
character shall receive the support of the Government.
39.Right of human life of the unborn from conception and of the mother
Once conceived, a child has the right to be born and the right to live.
Human life is commonly believed from the moment of conception.
Mandates the protection of the unborn from the possibility of abortion.
The health of mother shall also be protected. Section 12
40.Rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and development of moral
character A duty of both parents and government Right of the State
to interfere with education of children The State and parental
obligations Duty of State to encourage educational institutions Section
12
41.SECTION 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nationbuilding and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism
and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic
affairs.
42.C W T S L T S ROTC Section 13
43.SECTION 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nationbuilding, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of
women and men.
44.Role of women in nation-building Proven capabilities of Filipino
women Expansion of womens role Equality with men before the law
Section 14

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45.Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of
the people and instill health consciousness among them health.
46.Right of people to Health Health - is the state physical, social and
mental well-being rather than merely than merely the absence of physical
diseases These constitution gives the right to the people to health
Department of Health (Sec.Eric Tayag) Health Center Section 15
47.SECTION 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.
48.Right to Balanced and Healthful Ecology The need for a program to
address the ecological problems of: Pollution Waste disposal Forest
denudation Flood drought Dying river beds Destruction of waterways
Protect human life Section 16
49.SECTION 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and
technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and
development.
50. The States prioritizes the following through their different programs
like the: DepEd DOST PSC Section 17
51.SECTION 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic
force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.
52. Human labor is not only treated as land, tools, or machinery. It
mandates the State to provide living wage and full participation to workers
in decision- making processes which affect their rights and benefits.
Section 18
53.SECTION 19. The State shall develop a self- reliant and independent
national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.
54.States the constitutional guidelines in the development of the
economy: Economic self-reliance Independent national economy
And effective Filipino control of the economy Section 19
55.FILIPINOPEOPLE ECONOMY PHILIPPINES
56.WE ARE GOING TO DANCE AGAIN UNDER THE HANDS OF FOREIGN
COUNTRIES.
57.SECTION 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private
sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed
investments.
58.Role of private sectors in the economy The Constitution does not
favor an economy where the State directly competes with private business.
The business of government is governance and NOT money-making.
Section 20
59.SECTION 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural
development and agrarian reform.
60.Section 21 Covers all phases of rural development: Economic
Social Political Cultural Industrial
61. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, commonly known as
CARP, is an agrarian reform law of the Philippines passed in 1988. It is part
of the long history of attempts at land reform in the Philippines. It is
Republic Act No. 6657.[1] The law was outlined by former President
Corazon C. Aquino through Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive
Order 229 on June 22, 1987. The law was enacted by the 8th Congress of
the Philippines and signed by Aquino on June 10, 1988. In this program,
all lands exceeding seven hectares were bought by the government and
sold to the landless farmers. Owners of lands were paid through
installment basis for 15 years.

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62.SECTION 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of

indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity
and development.
63. Recognizes the existence and the rights of the indigenous cultural
communities. Directs the State to promote the rights of indigenous
cultural communities by considering their customs, traditions, beliefs, and
interests. Implementing state policies with full respect to their culture,
dignity, uniqueness and human rights. Section 22
64.SECTION 23. The State shall encourage non- governmental,
community- based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of
the nation.
65. The state is required to encourage these organizations because
recent events have shown that, under responsible leadership, they can be
active contributors to the political, social, and economic growth of the
country promote the welfare of the nation. Section 23
66.SECTION 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and
information in nation- building.
67.Means of communications such as: Motion pictures Television
Radio Newspapers Magazines Section 24
68.Nation-Building The people are enlightened on certain public issues.
They can also serve as useful tools to promote unity among the Filipinos.
Section 24
69.SECTION 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local
governments.
70.SECTION 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities
for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by
law.
71. This does not allow the existence of political dynasties or the
practice of keeping political power within the control of select families.
Emphasizes the duty of the government to uphold democratic elections
and appointments. Section 26
72.SECTION 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the
public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and
corruption.
73.Honesty and integrity in public service Undermines the quality of life
for people especially in poor qualities. The constitution seeks to
minimize and find completely to eliminate graft and corruption, a way to
attack problem. Section 27
74.SECTION 28. The Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law,
the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its
transactions involving public interests.
75.Section 7 of the Bill of Rights Guarantees the peoples right to know
any transaction entered into by the government. Limited to things which
involves public concerns. The policy covers matters involving public
interest especially those concerning the utilization of public funds and
property. Section 28