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Space Vector Pulse width Amplitude Modulation for a

BuckBoost Voltage/Current Source Inverter Topologies


and Applications in HEV/EV Motor Drive
ABSTRACT
By eliminating the conventional zero vectors in the space vector modulation,
two-third and one-third switching frequency reduction can be achieved in VSI and
CSI.
For a voltage source inverter, the switching loss is reduced by 87%, compared
to a conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) method. The power
density is increased by a factor of 2 to 3. In addition, it is also verified that the output
harmonic distortions of SVPWAM is lower than SPWM, by only using one-third
switching frequency of the latter one.. The effectiveness of the proposed method in
reduction of power losses. As a result, it is feasible to use SVPWAM to make the
buckboost inverter suitable for applications that require high efficiency, high power
density, high temperature, and low cost. Such applications include electric vehicle
motor drive or engine starter/alternator.
. To achieve higher efficiency with a single-stage buck-boost inverter for HEV/EV
motor drive application, a current-fed quasi-Z-source inverter topology has been
selected
Buck-boost inverters have the advantage of converting dc voltage higher or
lower than the utility voltage without utilizing a line frequency transformer. Two stage
or multiple stage configurations are commonly used in buck-boost inverters. Such
inverter systems have dc-dc or dc-ac-dc converters added to obtain an elevated dc
voltage ahead of inversion. A two-stage buck-boost inverter can achieve a relatively
high power capacity; nevertheless, the additional power stage requires more power
components and thus higher costs.
The SVPWAM control method preserves the following ad-vantages compared to
traditional SPWM and SVPWM method.
1

The switching power loss is reduced by 90% compared with the conventional
SPWM inverter system.
2 The power density is increased by a factor of 2
3 The output voltage is about 15% more in case of SVPWM as compared to
SPWM.
4 The cost is reduced by 30% because of reduced passives, heat sink, and
semiconductor stress.
The effectiveness of the proposed method SVPWM in the contribution in the
switching power losses reduction and to show the advantage of buck-boost voltage
source inverters that carry out voltages with fewer harmonics contents injection than

other type inverters.


It is observed that in the SVPWAM method, conduction loss accounts for 80% of
the total power loss, but in the PWM method, switching loss is higher than conduction
loss. The switching loss is reduced from 10 to 1.4 W from SPWM to SVPWAM. An
estimated 87% switching loss reduction has been achieved.

A zero vector placement technique in SVPWM has been proposed for this inverter to
obtain lowest switching loss, lowest current ripple, lowest output harmonics and
lowest voltage spike on the device in both constant torque and constant power
operation regions, in order to achieve higher efficiency, higher power density and
lower cost.
To achieve higher switching loss reduction, a Space-Vector-Pulse-Width-Amplitude
Modulation (SVPWAM) method has been proposed for buck-boost current source
inverter. By using this method, the switching loss is reduced by 60%, and the power
density is increased by a factor of 2 to 3, with a less output harmonic distortion than
normal SVPWM method.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
The Z-source inverters (ZSIs) have been proposed in [1] to overcome the limitations
and problems of the traditional voltage-source inverter (VSI) and current-source
inverter (CSI), which provide an attractive single-stage dc-ac conversion that is able
to buck-boost voltage, increase efficiency and reduce cost. However, the ZSIs still
have some drawbacks. The main drawback of the voltage-fed ZSI is that the input
current is discontinuous in the boost mode and the capacitors must sustain at a high
voltage, while the main drawback of the current-fed ZSI is that the inductors must
sustain high currents. The quasi-Z-source inverters (qZSIs) have been proposed in [2]
to further improve on the traditional ZSIs. Besides the advantages inherited from the
ZSIs, the qZSIs also have their own merits, including reduced passive component
ratings, continuous input current, a common dc rail between the source and
inverter, and so on.
The conventional current-source inverter as shown in Figure 1.1 has two major
problems: unidirectional power flow and voltage boost operation, which make it
impossible to be used in many applications, such as hybrid electric vehicles and
general purpose variable-speed motor drives.
In order to further reduce the switching loss in the inverter, a space vector pulsewidth-amplitude modulation (SVPWAM) has been proposed. If it is used in voltage
source inverter, a front stage dc-dc converter is needed to generate a variable dc link
voltage, and then fed to inverter. In HEV/EV motor drive application, the two stage
boost-converter-inverter is a classical topology, since the battery voltage is designed
to be lower or equal to half of the motor drive input voltage. Also because of this
boost converter, the dc link voltage of inverter is possible to be controlled This
i

dissertation selects the SVPWM control to achieve higher input current utilization,
lower switching loss and lower total harmonic distortions. For both voltage-fed and
current-fed Z-source inverter
For example for series plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV), all the power generated by the
generator has to flow through a synchronous rectifier to provide power to motor drive
system. The battery is connected directly to the dc link if its voltage is high. therwise,
a dc-dc boost converter is utilized as an interface. The inverter is required to inject
low harmonic current to the motor, in order to reduce the winding loss and core loss.
For this purpose, the switching frequency of the inverter is designed within a high
range from 15 to 20 kHz, resulting in the switching loss increase in switching device
and also the core loss increase in the motor stator. To solve this problem, various softswitching methods have been proposed . Active switching rectifier or a diode rectifier
with small DC link capacitor have been proposed . Varies types of modulation method
have been proposed previously such as optimized pulse-width-modulation improved
Space-Vector-PWM control for different optimization targets and applications , and
discontinuous PWM (DPWM) . Different switching sequence arrangement can also
affect the harmonics, power loss and voltage/current ripples

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