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Experiment 1
GroupB1
Asish Yadav CE13B030
Karthikeyan D CE13B087
Hemachandra KV - CE13B096
Rahul K.L. - CE12B072
APPARATUS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
THEORY:
Reinforced beams are generally classified into two types - singly reinforced beams
and doubly reinforced beams.
Singly reinforced beams:
Under reinforced: A beam is said to be under reinforced if the tensile steel yields
before the failure of concrete due to compression. Hence, the failure will be
ductile, which is the preferred failure by construction industries.
Over reinforced: A beam is said to be over reinforced if the concrete reaches its
maximum stress before steel yields. Hence, this failure will be brittle, which is not
preferred.
Balanced Section: A section is said to be balanced if both the compression
concrete and the tensile steel reach their respective maximum stresses
simultaneously.
Doubly reinforced beams:
A doubly reinforced beam is one in which steel is provided on both tension and
compression sides.
PROCEDURE:
1. The test for compression was performed on three cubes of dimensions
150mm x 150mm x 150mm according to IS:516 and the compression
strength of the concrete was calculated.
2. The under reinforced RCC beam is placed in the compression testing
machine and a controlled two point load is applied.
3. The deflections of the beam were calculated at three different points using
the dial gauges and the strains were measured using the DEMEC gauge
along varying depths of the beam.
4. Starting from 0 kg, the axial load on the column was gradually increases by
250 kg. For every increase all the measurements were taken.
5. When cracks appeared on the column, for a particular crack the crack width
was measured for varying loads.
6. The process was continued till the beam failed completely.
OBSERVATIONS:
Concrete cube testing:
Weight
(Kg)
Cross-sectional Area
(mm^2)
8.2
8.2
8.2
Failure load
(ton)
22500
22500
22500
Compressive strength
(Mpa)
51
22.236
52
22.672
50
21.8
DEMEC Reading
Load
(Kg)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1
20.22
20.21
20.29
20.4
20.41
20.5
20.59
20.81
20.98
21.09
21.21
21.44
5
18.17
18.12
18.05
19.7
19.67
19.02
16.45
15.13
14.1
13.7
12.96
12.18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.125
0.175
0.225
0.225
0.3
1
Main
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
10
11
12
3
Vern
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
3
6
36
76
78
91
21
62
72
58
82
66
81
Strain (10^-6)
Load
(Kg)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1
0.0000
0.4946
-3.4619
-8.9021
-9.3966
-13.8477
-18.2987
-29.1790
-37.5865
-43.0267
-48.9614
-60.3363
Strain (*10^-3)
2
3
4
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5269
2.4631
-1.6060
-1.0537
1.9704 -103.3191
-2.1075
6.8966
18.2013
-2.1075
7.3892
20.3426
-1.0537 18.7192
38.5439
3.6881 30.5419
64.7752
7.3762 52.2167
108.6724
16.3330 74.8768
155.7816
17.3867 82.7586
172.3769
22.1286 92.6108
202.3555
26.3435 106.8966
231.7987
5
0.0000
2.7518
6.6043
-84.2047
-82.5537
-46.7804
94.6615
167.3088
223.9956
246.0099
286.7364
329.6643
Deflection
LOAD(tonnes)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Theoretical deflection(mm)
1
2
3
0
1.27E-05
2.55E-05
3.82E-05
5.09E-05
6.36E-05
7.64E-05
0.000102
0.000127
0.000153
0.000178
0
1.46E-05
2.93E-05
4.39E-05
5.85E-05
7.32E-05
8.78E-05
0.000117
0.000146
0.000176
0.000205
0
1.27E-05
2.55E-05
3.82E-05
5.09E-05
6.36E-05
7.64E-05
0.000102
0.000127
0.000153
0.000178
Deflection (mm)
1
2
0
0.01
0.017
0.024
0.08
0.1
0.157
0.179
0.316
0.382
0.494
0
0.013
0.016
0.027
0.066
0.107
0.166
0.23
0.391
0.463
0.589
3
0
0.04
0.042
0.055
0.085
0.126
0.136
0.222
0.346
0.23
0.545
Moment
(kNm)
Curvature
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0.000
0.736
1.472
2.207
2.943
3.679
4.415
5.886
7.358
8.829
10.301
11.772
0.0000E+00
7.9386E-06
-2.7378E-04
3.0105E-04
3.2905E-04
5.8983E-04
9.5669E-04
1.6476E-03
2.2087E-03
2.4435E-03
2.8387E-03
3.2849E-03
Graphs
400.0000
Strain vs Depth
Strain
350.0000
0 Kg
250 Kg
300.0000
500 Kg
250.0000
750 Kg
200.0000
1000 Kg
150.0000
1250 Kg
100.0000
1500 Kg
50.0000
2000 Kg
0.0000
2500 Kg
-50.0000
0.05
0.1
0.2
3000 Kg
3500 Kg
-100.0000
-150.0000
0.15
4000 Kg
Depth (m)
0.7
Deflection vs Load
Deflectiopn (mm)
0.6
0.5
0.4
Dial Gauge 1
0.3
Dial Gauge 2
0.2
Dial Gauge 3
0.1
0
0
0.004
2
Load (tonnes)
Curvature vs Moment
0.003
Curvature (/mm)
0.003
0.002
0.002
Curvature (/mm)
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
100
5.000
10.000
15.000
Moment (kNm)
80
60
40
Neutral axis
20
0
0.000
-20
-40
5.000
10.000
Moment (kNm)
15.000
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
Crack width
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05
2
Load (tonnes)
Calculations:
= 0.12*0.15*.2*.2*22.236^(0.5)
= 3.395 kNm
Ultimate moment of resistance
Theoretical
Xu
= 217.92 mm
MuR = 11.83 kNm
Observed cracking moment at 1.5 tonnes load
Mcr
= 1.5*1000*9.81*0.5*0.6
= 4.414 kNm
Observed ultimate moment of resistance at 4.6 tonnes load
MuR = 4.6*1000*9.81*0.5*0.6
= 13.537 kNm