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Design data:
Diameter of pipe, D =
3 m
Mean dia. Of pipe, Dm =
3.016 m
Thickness of pipe, t =
0.016 m
Unit weight of water =
1 T/m3
Unit weight of steel =
7.85 T/m3
c/c spacing of cross girder =
3.25 m
c/c spacing of main girder =
4.5 m
length of main girder =
20 m
length of support plate1 =
0.3 m
length of support plate2 =
1.615 m
Thickness of plate of 1 & 2 =
0.4 m
length of support plate 3 =
3.23 m
Thickness of plate 3 =
0.2 m
Width of plate 1,2 & 3 =
0.2 m
Yield stress of steel, fy =
250 N/mm2
Young's Modulus of Steel, E =
200000 N/mm2
Allowable bending stress in comp/tension ( 0.66 fy) =
Allowable shear stress (0.4 fy) =
100 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress (0.75 fy) =
187.5 N/mm2
Unit weight of earth =
2.2 T/m3
each
165 N/mm2
4.5 m
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
11.50 Tm
15.33 T
115.0 KNm
153.3 KN
M / Bending stress
750000 mm3
750 cm3
As Z required (750 cm3) is lesser than the adopted Z (1808.7 cm 3), hence revise the
section as it is economical.
Revision:
Choosing from IS Steel handbook, section modulus nearing to 750 cm3, we can adopt ISMB 350 @ 52.4 kg/m
Self wt of beam =
0.0524 T/m
Total udl, w =
6.78 T/m
67.79 KN/m
6.78 T/m
FEM @ AB =
-11.44 Tm
FEM @ AB =
11.44 Tm
Moment due to udl =
17.16 Tm
A
4.5 m
Moment at centre =
5.72 Tm
Maximum moment =
Maximum shear =
Z required =
11.44 Tm
15.25 T
693333.5 mm3
114.4 KNm
152.5 KN
693.33 cm3
As Z required (693.33 cm3) is lesser than the adopted Z (750 cm 3), hence O.K
2.66 mm
Since the actual delection in beam (2.66 mm) is less than permissible def. (13.85 mm). Hence O.K.
Therefore we can provide Cross Beam of ISMB 350 @ 3.25 m C/C in between two Main Girders.
3.25
3.25
3.25
3.25
20.0 m
Point loads P1 = P7
Point loads P2 = P3 = P4 = P5 = P6
3.25
3.25
191.46
0.25
3.25
305.07
305.07
3.25
305.07
3.25
305.07
3.25
305.07
3.25
C
20.0 m
RA
Assuming the self weight of main girder =
Total point load, W =
1908.26 KN
Self weight of girder =
95.41 KN
Self weight of girder/m =
4.77 KN/m
WL/400
1001.84 KN
4938.67 KNm
3.25
tw =
Shear force / shear stress x depth of web
tw required from shear =
10.02 mm
Since tw adopted (25 mm) is greater than 10.02 mm. O.K
Hence we can adopt 1000 mm x 25 mm as web plate for plate girder.
x 1000 mm
mm
mm
600 mm
Check for bending stress:
mm
Bearing Stiffener:
Bearing stiffeners are used to transfer concentrated laods on the girder and heavy reactions at
supports to the full depth of the web. Bearing stiffener at the supports are called as end bearing
stiffeners.
ISMB 350, 8.1 mm thick, 100 mm long
tw = 25 mm
250
250
The bearing stiffeners are designed as columns with the length of web equals 20 times the
thickness of web from the centre line of bearing stiffener.
As the bearing stiffeners are provided at the ends and the cross girders are spaced at 250 mm
from the ends of the plate girder, the bearing stiffeners are provided exactly at the bottom of the
cross girder, adopting the thickness of cross girder as stiffener thickness. Oustand of stiffener
shall never exceed 12 t (12x8.1 = 97.2 mm) and hence 100 mm length on both sides of web is
taken as the bearing length on the stiffener.
Bearing area provided = 2 x 100 x 8.1 + 250 x 25 x 2 =
14120 mm2
Bearing area required =
Shear force / Bearing stress
= 1001.84 x1000 / 187.50
=
5343.14 mm2
Since bearing area provided is more than the bearing area required. Hence O.K.
Moment of Inertia of plate, Ixx =
2[8.1x1003 /12 + 8.1x100 (100/2+25/2 )2 ]
Ixx =
7678125 mm4
radius of gyration, r =
sq.root (Ixx / Area of bearing)
r=
23.32 mm
Le / r
Effective length, le =
0.7 x 1000=
700 mm
30.02 say, 30
For = 30 and fy = 250 N/mm2, permissible stress in axial compression from Table 5.1 of IS 800 - 1984,
ac =
145 N/mm2
ac =
Safe load, P =
P = 145 X 14120
P =
2047400 N
P=
2047 KN
As the safe load (2047 KN) on the bearing area is more than the shear force (1001.81 KN), hence O.K.
Connection between Bearing stiffener and web of plate girder:
(As for 350 mm depth, the cross girder takes care of the bearing , only for the remaining depth, the end
bearing stiffeners are to be provided).
Weld strength required = Shear force / 4 x 650
385.32 N/mm
Assuming 6 mm size fillet,
Strength of weld =
0.7 x 6 x 1 x 108
=
453.6 N/mm
As weld strength taken is more than the required strength of weld. Hence 6 mm size of weld is O.K.
The length of intermittent weld shall never exceed 10 times thickness of bearing plate or 200 mm
whichever is less.
length =
10 x 8.1
81 mm or 200
mm
Hence adopt 80 mm long fillet weld.
Center to centre spacing of weld =
80 x 453.6 / 385.32
=
94.1757076 say 90 mm
C/C spacing of weld shall not exceed 16 t or 300 mm, whichever is less
= 16 x 8.1= 129.6 mm or 300 mm, whichever is less.
Hence adopt the weld spacing as 90 mm
Therefore provide 6 mm size fillet weld 80 mm long at spacing 90 mm c/c for the weld connection
between bearing stiffener and web.
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT:
The Abutments are provided on both sides of Nala to support the main girders which rest on it for
the full width of pipe line provided. The length of the abutment wall is 27.5 m.
0.3
1 4
3
0.3
1.05
5
6.05
6.8
4.75
2
2.7
1.25
Heel
Toe
Design Data:
Length of Abutment =
length of portion 1 =
Thickness of portion 1 =
Height of portion 2 =
Width of portion 2 =
Height of portion 3 =
Width of portion 3 =
Height of portion 4 =
Thickness of portion 4 =
Height of portion 5 =
27.5
4.95
0.75
4.75
1
0.3
1.05
1
0.3
6.05
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
0.75
O
Length of portion 5 =
2.7 m
Unit weight of earth =
2.2 T/m3
Unit weight of concrete =
2.5 T/m3
Active earth pressure coefficient, Ka =
Total height of abutment, H =
Coefficient of friction, =
0.3
0.33
6.8 m
Load Calculation:
1. Total weight coming on main girder due to
pipe weight, water weight and cross girder =
191.46 x 2 + 305.07 x 5 =
Total load =
1908.26
0.17
2041.88 KN
2041.88/2
1020.94 KN
1020.94 x 7 / 27.50 =
=
259.9 KN / m
260 KN/m
Earth Pressure:
6m
Ka r H
Lateral (Horizontal) earth pressure =
1/2 x Ka x r x H x H
= 16.9546667 T/m
=
169.55 KN/m
35.937 T/m
359.37 KN/m
Description
Forces (KN)
V
H
260.00
92.8125
169.5467
2.27
2.475
229.71
118.75
1.75
207.8125
7.875
1.725
13.58
7.5
2.1
15.75
359.37
3.6
1293.73
Total
846.31
169.55
2176.59
2. Sliding:
Force causing sliding =
169.55 KNm
W
Force resisting sliding =
W=
846.31
253.89225
Factor of safety =
1.50 > or = 1.5
Safe
3. Bearing Pressure:
Location of resultant from 0
Xo =
Mv - Mh / V
eccentricity of resultant, e =
eccentricity, e =
2.12 m
B/2 - Xo
0.36 m < 0.83 m Safe
max =
V/ B x 1 (1+6 e/B)
=
245.003 < 250 KN/m2. No tension, Safe.
min =
V/ B x 1 (1-6 e/B)
=
96.939 KN/m2.
No tension, Safe.
pported beam.
P7
0.25
191.46
0.25
RB
KN
133.45 KN
KN
384.31