Differential Equations

Submitted by:
Ong, Mark Lorenz P.
Submitted to:
Engr. Rex H. Agustin

681. Determine the order and degree of the differential equation.

2x

A.
B.
C.
D.

( d4 y )
d y4

+5 x

dy 3
xy =0
dx

( )

Fourth order, first degree

Third order, first degree
First order, fourth degree
First order, third degree

Fourth order, since the highest derivative in the equation is 4 th derivative. First
degree, since the exponent or power of the 4 th derivative is 1.

682. Which of the following equation is an exact DE?

A.

( x 2+ 1 ) dxxydy=0

B.

xdy + ( 3 x 2 y ) dx=0

C.

2 xydx + ( 2+ x 2 ) dy=0

D.

x ydy ydx=0

A DE whose equation is M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 is exact if

M N
=
y x .

Note: From the choices, choice is an exact DE

2 xydx + ( 2+ x 2 ) dy=0
M =2 xy
( 2 xy )
=2 x
y

N=2+ x 2
( 2+ x 2 )
=2 x
x

683. Which of the following equations is a variable separable DE?

A.

( x+ x2 y ) dy =( 2 x + x y 2) dx

B.

( x+ y ) dx2 ydy =0

C.

2 ydx=( x 2+1 ) dy

D.

y 2 dx+ ( 2 x3 y ) dy=0

A DE is a variable separable if the coefficient of dx shall be functions of x only and

the coefficient of dy shall be function of y only
Note: From the choices, choice is a variable separable DE

2 ydx=( x 2+1 ) dy

( x2 +1 ) dy
2 ydx
=
y ( x 2 +1 ) y ( x 2 +1 )
2
1
dx= dy
x +1
y

684. The equation

A.

y'=
'

B.

y=

D.

2x
y

y=

y
2x

y'=

x
2y

'

C.

2y
x

y 2=cx
2

c=

y
x

Differentiate:

y 2=cx

is the general solution of:

x ( 2 y y ' ) y 2
0=
x2
y 2=2 xyy '
y'=

y2
y
=
2 xy 2 x

685. Solve the differential equation:

determine y when x= 2.
A.
B.
C.
D.

1.80
1.48
1.55
1.63

x ( y1 ) dx + ( x +1 ) dy=0
xdx
dy
+
=0
x +1 y 1
dy
=0
(1 x+1 1 ) dx+ y1
Integrate:

dx
dy
+
= 0
x +1
y1
dx
xln ( x +1 )+ln ( y1 )=c
At x=1; y=2

1+1+ ln ( 21 )=c
ln

x ( y1 ) dx + ( x +1 ) dy=0 . If y = 2 when x = 1,

c=0.307
At x = 1; y=?

ln (2+1 ) +ln ( y 1 )=0.307

ln ( y1 ) =0.594
0.59

y1=e
y=1.55

686. If dy=x dx ; what is the equation of y in terms of x if the curve passes

through (1,1)?
A.

x 23 y+3=0

B.

x 33 y +2=0

C.

x 3+3 y 2 +2=0

D.

2 y+ x 3 +2=0
dx=x 2 dx

dy = x 2 dx
3

y=

x
+C
3

At x=1; y=1

1=

13
+c
3

c=

2
3

Thus the solution is,

x3 2
y= +
3 3
3 y=x 3 +2
3

x 3 y +2=0

687. Find the equation of the curve at every point of which the tangent line has a
slop of 2x.
2

A.

x= y + c

B.

y=x + c

C.

y= y +c

D.

x= y +c

slope=

dy
=2 x
dx

Since tangent, the slope of the unknown curve is equal to the slope of the line

dy
=2 x
dx
dy=2 xdx
Integrating:

dy =2 xdx
y=

2 x2
+c
2

y=x 2 +c

688. Solve (cosxcosy-cotx)dx-sinxsinydy=0

A.
B.
C.
D.

sin x cos y = ln(c cos x)

sin x cos y = ln (c sin x)
sin x cos y = - ln (c sin x)
sin x cos y = - ln ( c cos x)

( cosxcosycotx ) dx sinxsinydy=0
M =cosxcosycotx

( cosxcosycotx )
=cosxsiny
y
N=sinxsiny

(sinxsiny )
=cosxsiny
x

Note:

M N
=
y x , then the given DE is an exact DE.

( cosxcosycotx ) x +k 1=c
sinxcosy lnsinx+ k 1=c Eq .1

(sinxsiny ) y +k 2=c
sinx (cosy ) +k 2=C Eq .2
By comparing equations 1 and 2,
Thus, the solution is,

sinxcosy lnsinx=C

sinxcosy =lnsinx+ c

k 2=0k 1=lnx

Note:

C=lnc
sinxcosy =ln ( csinx )

689. Solve the differential equation dy xdx = 0, if the curve passes through (1,0)?
A.

3 x2 +2 y3=0

B.

2 y+ x 21=0

C.

x 22 y1=0

D.

2 x 2 +2 y2=0
dyxdx =0
dy=xdx

Integrating:

dy = xdx
y=

x2
+c
2

At x=1; y=0

( 1 )2
0=
+c
2
c=

1
2

Thus, the solution is,

x2 1
y=
2 2

2 y=x 21
x 22 y1=0

690. What is the solution of the first order differential equation y(k+1) = y(k)+5.
A.

y ( k )=4

5
k

B.

y ( k )=20+5 k

C.

y ( k )=Ck . Where C is constant

D. The solution is non-existent for real values of y

Assume the solution has the form:
Solve

y (k +1)

y ( k )=20+5 k

using the assumed solution:

y ( k +1 )=20+5 ( k + 1 )
y ( k +1 )=20+5 k+ 5
y ( k +1 )=( 20+5 k )+ 5
y ( k +1 )= y ( k ) +5
Since, the resulting equation is the same to the given DE, then the assumed
equation is the solution to the DE.

691. Solve

( y x 2 + y 2 ) dyxdy =0

A.

x2 + y 2 + y=c

B.

x2 + y 2 + y=c

C.

x+ y + y =c

D.

x2 y+ y=c
y x 2+ y 2 dxxdy =0

By inspection, this equation is a homogeneous DE, since the coefficient of the dx

and dy are of the same degree (degree 1).
Let:

y=vx , dx=vdx + xdv

Substitute:

vxdx x 2 + v2 x 2 dxx ( vdx + xdv )=0

vxdx 1+ v 2 xdxvxdxx 2 dv=0
1+ v 2 dxxdv =0

Let:

dx
dv
+
=0
x
1+ v 2

v =tan ; dv=sec d

dx
dv
+
=0
x
1+ tan

dx
+ sec d =0
x

lnx+ln ( sec+tan )=c

ln [ x (sec tan ) ] =c
x ( sec tan ) =c
Where:

e c =c

692. Find the differential equation whose general solution is

A.

( x1 ) y -xy'+y=0

B.

( x+1 ) y -xy'+y=0

C.

( x1 ) y +xy'+y=0

D.

( x+1 ) y +xy'+y=0
x

y=c1 x+ c2 e Eq .1
'

y =c 1 +c 2 e Eq .2
y = {c} rsub {2} {e} ^ {x} Eq.3
Substitute (3) in (2):

y ' =c 1 + y
c 1= y ' y Eq.4
Substitute (3) in (1):

y ' y )x+y= y ' x y x+y

y=

( x1 ) y -xy'+y=0

693. Find the general solution of

A.

y=C ( secx tanx )

B.

y=C ( secxtanx )

C.

y=Csecxtanx

'

y = ysecx

y=C 1 x +c 2 e x

D.

xtanx
sec 2
y=C
'

y = ysecx
dy
= ysecx
dx

dy
= secxdx
y

lny=ln ( secx+tanx )+ c
ln

y
=c
secx+tanx

y
=c , where :e c =c
secx+tanx
y=c ( secx+ tanx )

694. Solve xy (2y-1)=y(1-x)

A.

ln ( xy )=2 ( x y ) +c

B.

ln ( xy )=x2 y +c

C.

ln ( xy )=2 yx +c

D.

ln ( xy )=x +2 y+ c
x y ' ( 2 y1 )= y (1x )
x

dy
( 2 y1 )= y ( 1x )
dx

2 (2 y1 ) dy = y ( 1x ) dx
2 y1
1x
dx
dx=0
y
x
2 dy

dy
dx
+ dx=c
y
x

2 ylnylnx+ x=c

2 y+ x +c =lnx+lny
ln ( xy )=2 y + x+ c
Note: C is an arbitrary constant which can be placed in either side of the equal sign.

695. Solve
2

( x+ y ) dy =( x y ) dx
2

A.

x + y =c

B.

x +2 xy + y =c

C.

x 2 xy y =c

D.

x 2 xy + y =c

( x+ y ) dy =( x y ) dx
By inspection, this equation is a homogeneous DE, since the coefficient of the dx
and dy are of the same degree (degree 1).
Let:

y=vx ; dy=vdx + xd

Substitute:

x ( vdx+ xdv )+ vx ( vdx + xdv )=xdxvxdx

2

vxdx + x dv+ v xdx + vx dv =xdxvxdx

xdx ( 2 v+ v 21 ) + x 2 d ( 1+ v )=0
dx ( 1+ v ) dv
+
=0
x v 2 +2 v 01

dxx + 12

( 2+2 v ) dv
=c
2
v +2 v1

1
lnx+ ln ( v2 +2 v 1 )=c
2
Multiply 2 on both sides:

2lnx+ ln ( v 2 +2 v 1 )=k , where :k =2 c

ln [ x 2 ( v 2+ 2 v1 ) ] =k
x 2 ( v 2+2 v1 )=c , where :c=ek

Substitute

y
v= :
x

y2 2 y
x 2+
1 =C
x
x
2

y + 2 xy y =c
x 22 xy y 2=c
Note: C is an arbitrary constant which can be placed in either side of the equal sign.

696. Solve for linear equation:

dy y
2
+ =x
dx x

A.

x y 2=

B.

xy=

C.

x 2 y=

D.

y=

x
+C
4
4

x
+c
4
x4
+c
4

x3
+c
4

dy 1
+
y=x 2
dx x

()

Note: This equation is a linear DE:

y (i . f . )= Q ( x )( i . f . ) dx +c Gen . Eq .
1
P ( x )= ; Q ( x ) =x 2
x

Where:

i. f .=e

1 ( x ) dx

dx
x

i. f .=e

i. f .=elnx
i. f .=x
Substitute:
2

y ( x )= x ( x ) dx +c
4

x
xy= + c
4

697. Find the differential equations of the family of lines passing through the origin.
A.

ydxxdy=0

B.

xdy ydx=0

C.

xdx+ ydy=0

D.

ydx + xdy=0

y
m= ; where : m=slope ( constant )
x
Differentiating:

xdy ydx
=0
x2
xdy ydx=0

698. What is the differential equation of the family of parabolas having their vertices
at the origin and their foci on the x-axis.
A.

2 xdx ydy=0

B.

xdy + ydx=0

C.

2 ydxxdy=0

D.

ydx + xdy=0
2

y =4 ax

4 a=

y2
x

Differentiating:

x ( 2 ydy ) y 2 dx
=0
x2
2 xydy y 2 dx=0

2 xdy ydx=0

699. Determine the differential equation of the family of lines passing through (h, k).
A.
B.

( yk ) dx( xh ) dy=0
( yh )+ ( yk )=

dy
dx

C.

( xh ) dx( y k ) dy=0

D.

( x+ h ) dx( yk ) dy=0
m=

yk
; where : m=slope ( constant )
xh

Differentiating:

( xh ) dy( yk ) dx
=0
( xh )2

( xh ) dy ( yk ) dx=0
( yk ) dx( xh ) dy=0

700. Determine the differential equation of the family of circles with center on the yaxis.
A.

y )^3-xy+ y ' =0

B.

y -xyy'=0

C.

xy -(y')^3-y'=0

D.

y )^2+xy=0
3
( y ' ) +
x 2+ ( y k )2=r 2

Differentiating:

2 x +2 ( yk ) y ' =0
x+ y y ' k y ' =0
k=

x
+y
y'

Differentiating:

y ' ( 1 )xy } over {{left ({y} ^ {'} right )} ^ {2}} + {y} ^ {'} =0

yxy +(y') =0

xy -(y') - y ' =0

701. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount at any instant. In 100
years, 100mg of radium decomposes to 96 mg. How many mg will be left after 100
years?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Let:

88.60
95.32
92.16
90.72
Q=amount of substance present

dQ
=kQ
dt

dQ
= kdt
Q

ln Q=kt+ c Gen . Eq .
When t=0; Q=100mg

ln 100=k ( 0 ) +c

c=4.60517
When t=100; Q=96mg

ln 96=k ( 100 ) +4.60517

k =0.0004082
When t=200; Q=?

ln Q=0.0004082 ( 200 ) +4.60517

Q=92.16 mg

702. The population of a country doubles in 50 years. How many years will it be five
times as much? Assume that the rate of increase is proportional to the number of
inhabitants.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Let:

100 years
116 years
120 years
98 years
P = number of population

dP
=kP
dt
dP
= kdt
P

ln P=kt+ c Gen . Eq .
When t=0;

P=Po

ln Po=k ( 0 ) +c

C=ln Po
When t=50years; P=2

Po

ln 2 P o=k ( 50 ) + ln Po
k =0.0138629
When t=?; Q=5

Po

ln 5 Po=0.0139629 ( t )+ ln P o
t=116 years

703. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount present. If half of the
original amount disappears after 1000 years, what is the percentage lost in 100
years?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Let:

6.70%
4.50%
5.36%
4.30%
Q=amount of radium present

dQ
=kQ
dt

dQ
= kdt
Q

ln Q=kt+ c Gen . Eq .
When t=0; Q=

Qo

ln Qo=k ( 0 ) +C

c=lnQ o
When t=1000years; Q=0.5

Qo

ln 0.5 Qo=k (1000 )+ ln Qo

k =0.000693
When t=100years; Q=?

ln Q=0.000693 ( 100 ) +ln Qo

0.000693

Q=Q o e

Q=0.933 Qo

%lost =

Qo 0.933 Q o
x 100
Qo

%lost =6.7

704. Find the equation of the family of orthogonal trajectories of the system of
parabolas

y 2=2 x+ c

A.

y=Cex

B.

y=Ce2 x

C.

y=Ce x

D.

y=Ce

2 x

y =2 x+ c
Differentiating:

2y

dy
=2
dx

dy 1
=
dx c y
Note: The slope of the orthogonal trajectories is given by:

dy 1
dx
=
=
dx dy
dy c
dx c
Substituting:

dy
=y
dx

dy
= dx
y

ln y=x +c
e lny=e x+c =ex e c
y=C ex , where : C=e c

705. According to Newtons law of cooling, the rate at which a substance cools in air
is directly proportional to the difference between the temperature of the substance
and that of air. If the temperature of the air is 30 and the substance cools from 100
to 70 in 15 minutes, how long will it take to cool 100 to 50?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Let:

33.59 min
43.50 min
35.39 min
45.30 min
T=temperature of the body

dT
=k ( T 30 )
dt

dt
= kdt
T 30

ln ( T 30 )=kt + c Gen. Eq.

When t=0; T=100

ln ( 10030 )=k ( 0 ) + c
c=4.24849
When t=15min; T=70

ln ( 7030 )=k ( 15 ) + 4.24849

k =0.0373
When t=?; T=50

ln ( 5030 )=0.0373 ( t ) + 4.24849

t=33.59 min

706. An object falls from rest in a medium offering a resistance. The velocity of the
object before the object reaches the ground is given by the differential equation
dV/dt + v/10 = 32, ft/sec. What is the velocity of the object one second after it falls?
A.
B.
C.
D.

40.54
38.65
30.45
34.12

dV V
+ =32
dt 10
10

dV
+V =320
dt

dV
= dt
320V
10
10 ln ( 320V )=t +c Gen. Eq .
When t=0; V=0(at rest)

10 ln ( 3200 )=0+C
C=57.6832
When t=1; v=?

10 ln ( 320V )=157.6832
ln ( 320V )=5.66832
320V =e 5.66832
V =30.45

ft
sec

707. In a tank are 100 liters of brine containing 50 kg. total of dissolved salt. Pure
water is allowed to run into the tank at the rate of 3 liters a minute. Brine runs out
of the tank at the rate of 2 liters a minute. The instantaneous concentration in the
tank is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is in the tank at the end of one hour?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Let:

15.45 kg
19.53 kg
12.62 kg
20.62 kg
Q=amount of salt in the mixture

100+ ( 32 ) t=100+t=volume of any mixture at any time

Q
=c oncentration of salt
100+ t

dQ
=rate of gainrate of loss
dt
dQ
Q
=0
dt
100+t

dQ
dt
=
+c
Q
100+t

ln Q=2 ln ( 100+t )+ c
ln Q=ln ( 100+t )2+ C Gen . Eq .
When t=0; Q=50kg

ln 50=ln ( 100+1 )2 +c
C=13.12236
When t=60min; Q=?

lnQ=ln ( 100+ 60 )2+ 13.12236

lnQ=2.972
Q=19.53 kg

708. A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which 50 lbs of salt has
been dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 3 gpm, containing 2 lbs
of dissolved salt per gallon. Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a
drain pipe draws out of the tank the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the amount of salt in the
tank at the end of 30 minutes.
A. 171.24 lbs
B. 124.11 lbs

C. 143.25 lbs
D. 105.12 lbs
Let:

Q=amount of salt in the mixture

100+ ( 32 ) t=100+t=volume of mixture at any time

Q
=concentration of salt
100+ t
dQ
=rate of gainrate of loss
dt
dQ
Q
=3 ( 2 )2
dt
100+t

dQ
2
+Q
=6
dt
( 100+t )

Note: This is a linear DE

Q (i . f . )= At ( t ) ( i. f . ) dt +c
i. f .=e

P ( t ) dt

P (t ) =

Where:

i. f .=e

2
; A ( t )=6
100+t

P ( t ) dt

2
100+t

i. f .=e

i. f .=e 2 ln ( 100+t )
2

i. f .=e ln (100+t )

i. f .=( 100+t )2

Substituting:

Q (100+ t )2= 6 ( 100+t )2 dt+ c

Q (100+ t ) =6

( 100+t )3
+c
3

Q (100+ t )2=2 ( 100+t )3+ C

When t=0; Q=50

50 ( 100 )2=2 (100 )3+C

C=1.5 x 106
When t=30; Q=?

Q (100+ 30 )2=2 ( 100+ 30 )31.5 x 106

Q=171.24 lbs .

709. If the nominal interest rate of 3%, how much is P5,000 worth in 10 years in a
continuously compounded account?
A.
B.
C.
D.

P5,750
P6,750
P7,500
P6,350

dP
=0.03 P
dt

dP
=0.03 dt
P

lnP=0.03 t+C
When t=0;P=5000

ln 5000=0.03 ( 0 )+ c
c=8.51719
When t=10years; P=?

lnP=0.03 ( 10 ) +8.51719
P=6,749.30

710. A nominal interest of 3% compounded continuously is given on the account.

What is the accumulated amount of P10,000 after 10 years?
A.
B.
C.
D.

P13,620.10
P13,500.10
P13,650.20
P13,498.60

dP
=0.03 P
dt

dP
=0.03 dt
P

lnP=0.03 t+ c
When t=0; P=10000

ln 10000=0.03 ( 0 )+ c
c=9.21034
When t=10years; P=?

lnP=0.03 ( 10 ) +9.21034
P=13,498.60