HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

1.1 Theory
The working of the project goes like this: The temperature, heartbeat, stress & Glucose
measurement of the patient will be monitored continuously and the status of the patient
will be monitored and sent to the doctor wherever he may be.
Thus, the four values will be sent to the doctor who knows the entire health conditions of
the patient. Thus, to send this data, we are using the wireless technology, GSM. When the
monitoring system sends a message to the doctors mobile, even this system should have
a device which can send or receive the messages from/to the doctor. The device we are
using is the GSM modem. The modem is exactly similar to our mobile phones. Even the
modem requires a SIM card to communicate with the outside world. The modem will be
interfaced with the microcontroller through serial interface.
The data which are monitored continuously in this project are Temperature, stress level,
glucose level and Heartbeat of the patient. The analog quantities are taken and converted
into corresponding digital values using a single channel ADC. This converted digital
value is sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller temporarily stores this value.
The doctor can read value whenever he wishes to. The doctor can take care of the
patients condition wherever he may be. The doctor has to send predefined messages to
the modem to retrieve the data. The modem receives the predefined messages and
intimates the same to the microcontroller. Now, it is the job of the microcontroller to read
the value, process it and send the requested value to the doctors mobile. The user can
read the updated data whenever he reads the predefined messages to the modem. These
values can also be displayed on the LCD.

HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

1.2 System Block Diagram & Description

Figure 1.2(a) Block diagram of Health monitoring system

1.2.1 Power Supply

Power Supply provides required voltage to the circuit. The main components of power
supply are transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator. Without power supply a circuit can
not work.

Figure 1.2.1(a) Block diagram of power supply

Transformer - A transformer consists of two coils a changing current in the primary
causes a change in the Magnetic Field in the core & this in turn induces an alternating
voltage in the secondary coil. If load is applied to the secondary then an alternating
current will flow through the load. If we consider an ideal condition then all the energy
from the primary circuit will be transferred to the secondary circuit through the magnetic
field.
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HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

Rectifier - A rectifier is a device that converts an AC signal into DC signal. For
rectification purpose we use a diode, a diode is a device that allows current to pass only in
one direction i.e. when the anode of the diode is positive with respect to the cathode also
called as forward biased condition & blocks current in the reversed biased condition.
Regulator - A Voltage regulator is a device which converts varying input voltage into a
constant regulated output voltage.

Figure 1.2.1(b) Circuit diagram of power supply

1.2.2 Heart beat sensor

A heartbeat sensor is basically arrangement of LED, LDR with capacitors, registers,
potentiometer and LM358N IC. Heart beat is sensed by using a high intensity type LED
and LDR. The finger is placed between the LED and LDR. This sensor is small in size
and easy to carry at any place. ECG and other machines which are used for measuring
heart beat have heavy arrangements and are hard to carry out at any place soothe sensor is
very necessary according to the requirement and emergency. The measurement of heart
rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis and tracking of medical
conditions. It is also used by individuals, such as athletes, who are interested in
monitoring their heart rate to gain maximum efficiency from their training.

Figure 1.2.2(a) Block diagram of heart beat sensor

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HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as beats per
minute (bpm). Heart rate can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon
dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep.

Age

Average Heart Rate(bpm)

Newborn

140

7 years

85 90

14 years

80 85

Adult

70 - 80
Table 1.2.2 Average Heart Rates

Heart rate is measured by finding the pulse of the body. This pulse rate can be measured
at any point on the body where the artery's pulsation is transmitted to the surface by
pressuring it with the index and middle fingers; often it is compressed against an
underlying structure like bone. The thumb should not be used for measuring another
person's heart rate, as its strong pulse may interfere with discriminating the site of
pulsation.
The resting heart rate (HRrest) is a person's heart rate when they are at rest, that is lying
down but awake, and not having recently exerted themselves. The typical healthy resting
heart rate in adults is 6080 bpm, with rates below 60 bpm referred to as bradycardia, and
rates above 100 bpm referred to as tachycardia.
Note however that conditioned athletes often have resting heart rates below 60 bpm. and
it is not unusual for people doing regular exercise to get below 50 bpm.
Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on
it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each
heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the
Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow
through finger at each pulse. However this sensor is of high cost, hence in this project we
are using a transducer to demonstrate the measure of heart beat rate. we are just showing

HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

a prototype and demonstrating how we can measure heart beat rate and send to remote
doctors.

1.2.3 Temperature Sensor

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain
boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. This process is one
aspect of homeostasis: a dynamic state of stability between an animal's internal
environment and its external environment or If the body is unable to maintain a normal
temperature and it increases significantly above normal, a condition known as
hyperthermia occurs. This occurs when the body is exposed to constant temperatures of
approximately 55 C, any prolonged exposure (longer than a few hours) at this
temperature and up to around 70 C death is almost inevitable. The opposite condition,
when body temperature decreases below normal levels, is known as hypothermia.
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus
has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies of 14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to
+150C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer
level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration
make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single
power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies.
As it draws only 60 A from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in
still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the
LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 with improved accuracy). The LM35
series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C,
LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The
LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic
TO-220 package.

HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

Figure 1.2.3(a) Pin Diagram of LM35

Figure 1.2.3(b) LM35

The LM35 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature
sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within about
0.01C of the surface temperature. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is
almost the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or
lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature of the LM35 die would be at
an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature.
This is especially true for the TO-92 plastic package, where the copper leads are the
principal thermal path to carry heat into the device, so its temperature might be closer to
the air temperature than to the surface temperature. To minimize this problem, be sure
that the wiring to the LM35, as it leaves the device, is held at the same temperature as the
surface of interest. The easiest way to do this is to cover up these wires with a bead of
epoxy which will insure that the leads and wires are all at the same temperature as the
surface, and that the LM35 die's temperature will not be affected by the air temperature.
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1.2.4 Stress Sensor

The strain gauge has been in use for many years and is the fundamental sensing element
for many types of sensors, including pressure sensors, load cells, torque sensors, position
sensors, etc.
The majority of strain gauges are foil types, available in a wide choice of shapes and sizes
to suit a variety of applications. They consist of a pattern of resistive foil which is
mounted on a backing material. They operate on the principle that as the foil is subjected
to stress, the resistance of the foil changes in a defined way.
Strain Gauge, also known as Foil Gauge is a device whose electrical resistance varies in
proportion to the amount of strain in the device. The most commonly used strain gauge is
the bonded metallic strain gage. It consists of a fine wire or metallic foil arranged in a
grid pattern as shown below.

Figure 1.2.4(a) Strain Gauge

The white part in the above image is a high quality metallic wire of uniform cross-section
which is bonded to a thin backing, called the carrier, which is attached directly to the test
specimen or the transducer element. The strain experienced by the specimen/element is
transferred to the strain gage, which responds with a linear change in electrical resistance.
Strain gauges are used for Stress Analysis and Manufacture of Transducers. Two distinct
classes of strain gauges are available for Stress Analysis and Transducers. Further, within
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the transducer class, strain gauges for steel and aluminum are available. Strain gages are
available commercially with nominal resistance values of 120, 350 and 1000.
A fundamental parameter of the strain gage which expresses it's sensitivity to strain is the
gauge factor. Gage factor is defined as the ratio of change in resistance to the change in
length (strain). The gage factor for metallic strain gages is typically around 2.
Strain gauges must be properly mounted onto the element/test specimen so that the strain
is accurately transferred from the test specimen > adhesive > strain gage > foil.

Figure 1.2.4(b) Bonded Strain Gauge

The Stress Sensor consists of two copper plates connected with a resistance. The
electrical resistance varies in proportion to the amount of strain in the device. When
pressure is applied on these plates resistance increase. When resistance increases voltage
decreases. Here we take values from 5v to 0v in programming so it shows higher value.
The output is obtained in the form of voltage. This value is given to the input terminal of
microcontroller. The microcontroller compares this value with the reference value if it is
greater then the reference value that means the patience needs a doctor.

1.2.5 Glucose Sensor

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In glucose sensor there are two terminals. When we insert these terminals into the
beaker containing glucose then conductivity established between them. When
conductivity increases voltage increases which shows increasing glucose level.
Without water we obtain 0 in output.
When the two terminals come into water loop completed and conductivity forms and
current starts flowing.
The output of the sensor is given to microcontroller on which it is compared with the
standard value and if it exceeds from the reference value then a massage is send to the
mentioned mobile number in the program.

Figure 1.2.5 Glucose Sensor

1.2.6 GSM Modem

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Figure 1.2.6 GSM Modem

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless
modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem
sends and receives data through radio waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem
requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate.
The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per minute is very
low -- only about six to ten SMS messages per minute.
Computers use AT commands to control modems. Both GSM modems and dial-up
modems support a common set of standard AT commands. GSM modem can be used just
like a dial-up modem. In addition to the standard AT commands, GSM modems support
an extended set of AT commands. These extended AT commands are defined in the GSM
standards. With the extended AT commands, various things can be done. In our simple
project, the program waits for the mobile number to be entered through the keyboard.

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When a ten digit mobile number is provided, the program instructs the modem to send the
text message using a sequence of AT commands.
AT

It is used to test the connection.

It is used to instruct the modem to operate in text mode.

AT+CMGF=1

AT+CMGF=0 will instruct the modem to operate in PDU

mode.
It is used to send a text message. It accepts the recipient mobile

AT+CMGS="mobile number"

number. As soon as this command is accepted the modem waits

for the message content. The text message has to be sent
sequentially and terminated by the char 0x1A.
It is used to store a message in the memory. After execution it
returns an index for the message stored. Eg: AT+CMGW=1 .

AT+CMGW="mobile number"

Here 1 is the index for the saved message. Later this index is
used to process the message like deleting it or forwarding to the
recipient number.
It is used to delete a message from the storage. The index of the

AT+CMGD=2

stored message is used to delete it. Above command deletes the

message with index 2.
Table 1.2.6 SMS related AT commands

Testing of GSM modem

The GSM modem can be tested by connecting it with a PC. The modem is
equipped with a RS232 cable. Just use a Serial to USB converter and connect it
with the PC.

Now you can proceed with sending the commands to the modem using any serial
communication program like HyperTerminal, minicom etc. Ensure the serial
parameters are configured to 8N1 and the baud rate is set to 9600bps.

For each command you send the modem acknowledges with a message. Example:
Just try sending "AT" to the modem. It sends back a result code "OK" which states
that the modem is responding. If its not working fine, it sends "ERROR".

1.2.7 LCD Display

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A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of
color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Each pixel
consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent
electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to
each other. Without the liquid crystals between them, light passing through one would be
blocked by the other. The liquid crystal twists the polarization of light entering one filter
to allow it to pass through the other.
Many microcontroller devices use 'smart LCD' displays to output visual information.
LCD displays designed around Hitachi's LCD HD44780 module, are inexpensive, easy to
use, and it is even possible to produce a readout using the 8x80 pixels of the display.
They have a standard ASCII set of characters and mathematical symbols. For an 8-bit
data bus, the display requires a +5V supply plus 11 I/O lines. For a 4-bit data bus it only
requires the supply lines plus seven extra lines. When the LCD display is not enabled,
data lines are tri-state and they do not interfere with the operation of the microcontroller.
Data can be placed at any location on the LCD.
First line

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 through 8F

Second line C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 through CF

Signals to LCD
The LCD also requires 3 control lines from the microcontroller:
1) Enable (E) :
This line allows access to the display through R/W and RS lines. When this line is low,
the LCD is disabled and ignores signals from R/W and RS. When (E) line is high, the
LCD checks the state of the two control lines and responds accordingly.
2) Read/Write (R/W)
This line determines the direction of data between the LCD and microcontroller. When it
is low, data is written to the LCD. When it is high, data is read from the LCD.
3) Register selects (RS)
With the help of this line, the LCD interprets the type of data on data lines. When it is
low, an instruction is being written to the LCD. When it is high, a character is being
written to the LCD.
PIN Description

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Most LCDs with 1 controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller has 16 Pins (Two
pins are extra in both for back-light LED connections).

Figure 1.2.7 LCD display

Pin.No.
Pin.no. 1
Pin.no. 2
Pin.no. 3
Pin.no. 4

Name
VSS
VCC
VEE
RS

Pin.no. 5
Pin.no. 6
Pin.no. 7
Pin.no. 8
Pin.no. 9
Pin.no. 10
Pin.no. 11
Pin.no. 12
Pin.no. 13
Pin.no. 14

Description
Power supply (GND)
Power supply (+5V)
Contrast adjust
0 = Instruction input

R/W

1 = Data input
0 = Write to LCD module

EN
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

1 = Read from LCD module

Enable signal
Data bus line 0 (LSB)
Data bus line 1
Data bus line 2
Data bus line 3
Data bus line 4
Data bus line 5
Data bus line 6
Data bus line 7 (MSB)

Table 1.2.7 Pin description of the LCD

1.2.8 Microcontroller
Microcontrollers as the name suggests are small controllers. They are like single chip
computers

that

are

often

embedded

into

other

systems

to

function

as

processing/controlling unit. For example the remote control you are using probably has
microcontrollers inside that do decoding and other controlling functions. They are also

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used in automobiles, washing machines, microwave ovens, toys ... etc, where automation
is needed.
Micro-controllers are useful to the extent that they communicate with other devices, such
as sensors, motors, switches, keypads, displays, memory and even other microcontrollers. Many interface methods have been developed over the years to solve the
complex problem of balancing circuit design criteria such as features, cost, size, weight,
power consumption, reliability, availability, manufacturability. Many microcontroller
designs typically mix multiple interfacing methods. In a very simplistic form, a microcontroller system can be viewed as a system that reads from (monitors) inputs, performs
processing and writes to (controls) outputs. Embedded system means the processor is
embedded into the required application. An embedded product uses a microprocessor or
microcontroller to do one task only. In an embedded system, there is only one application
software that is typically burned into ROM. Example: printer, keyboard, video game
player.
The AVRis a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which
was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families
to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable
ROM, EPROM or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time.

When your designs need some extra muscle, you need the megaAVR. Ideal for
applications requiring large amounts of code, the megaAVR offers substantial program
and data memories with performance up to 20 MIPS. Innovative picoPower technology
minimizes power consumption. All megaAVRs offer self-programmability for fast,
secure, cost-effective in-circuit upgrades. You can even upgrade the flash while running
your application.

Based on industry-leading, proven technology, the megaAVR family offers our widest
selection of devices in terms of memories, pin-counts and peripherals. Choose from
general-purpose devices to models with specialized peripherals like USB, or LCD
controllers, or CAN, LIN and Power Stage Controllers. It's easy to find the perfect fit for

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your project in the megaAVR product family. Being supported by the Atmel Studio
development platform further reduces your time-to-market.

Key Features

Broad family - megaAVR offers our widest selection of devices in terms of

memories, pin counts and peripherals, enabling reuse of code and knowledge
across projects.

picoPower

technology -Selected

megaAVR

features

ultra-low

power

consumption and individually-selectable low-power sleep modes that make it

ideal for battery-powered applications.

High integration -The megaAVR features on-chip flash, SRAM, internal

EEPROM, SPI, TWI, and USART, USB, CAN, and LIN, watchdog timer, a
choice of internal or external precision oscillator, and general-purpose I/O pins,
simplifying your design and reducing bill-of-materials.

Analog functions -Advanced analog capabilities, such as ADC, DAC, built-in

temperature sensor and internal voltage reference, brown out detector, a fast
analog comparator and a programmable analog gain amplifier. The high level of
integration allows designs with fewer external analog components.

Rapid development -megaAVR microcontrollers speed development with

powerful in-system programming and on-chip debug. In addition, in-system
programming simplifies production line programming and field upgrades.

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Figure 1.2.8 Pin diagram of Atmega8

Memory: It has 8 Kb of Flash program memory (10,000 Write/Erase cycles

durability), 512 Bytes of EEPROM (100,000 Write/Erase Cycles). 1Kbyte Internal
SRAM

I/O Ports: 23 I/ line can be obtained from three ports; namely Port B, Port C and Port D.

Interrupts: Two External Interrupt source, located at port D. 19 different interrupt

vectors supporting 19 events generated by internal peripherals.

Timer/Counter: Three Internal Timers are available, two 8 bit, one 16 bit, offering
various operating modes and supporting internal or external clocking.
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SPI (Serial Peripheral interface): ATmega8 holds three communication devices

integrated. One of them is Serial Peripheral Interface. Four pins are assigned to Atmega8
to implement this scheme of communication.
USART: One of the most powerful communication solutions is USART and ATmega8
supports both synchronous and asynchronous data transfer schemes. It has three pins
assigned for that. In many projects, this module is extensively used for PC-Micro
controller communication.

TWI (Two Wire Interface): Another communication device that is present in ATmega8
is Two Wire Interface. It allows designers to set up a commutation between two devices
using just two wires along with a common ground connection, As the TWI output is made
by means of open collector outputs, thus external pull up resistors are required to make
the circuit.

Analog Comparator: A comparator module is integrated in the IC that provides

comparison facility between two voltages connected to the two inputs of the Analog
comparator via External pins attached to the micro controller.

Analog to Digital Converter: Inbuilt analog to digital converter can convert an analog
input signal into digital data of 10bit resolution. For most of the low end application, this
much resolution is enough.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY OR PROBLEM FORMULATION

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2.1 Literature Survey

In the United States, the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) is approximately 5
million, and 400,000 new cases are diagnosed yearly. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the
most common reason for hospital admissions in the Medicare age group. Heart
failureclaims the lives of more than 200,000 Americans annually, with 50% of the
patients dying within 5 years of onset. The incidence of heart failure increases with age,
approaching 10 per 1,000 after age 65. Between 1997 and 2000, hospital discharges for
heart failure increased 165%. Studies have shown that 30% of patients with a discharge
diagnosis of heart failure are readmitted at least once within 90 days and readmission
rates range from 25 to 54% within 3 6 months. The cost of caring for patients with CHF
exceeds $8 billion/yr and continues to increase. To manage costs, medical centers have
adopted various strategies. The economic burden of CHF demands a mechanism to
improve quality of care while preventing unnecessary hospitalizations. There is some
evidence that a multidisciplinary management program and home-based intervention can
reduce readmission rates and length of hospital stay in heart failure patients. A 1993
survey of U.S. hospitals performed by the Cardiology Advisory Board Co. (Washington,
DC) identified several strategies: heart failure clinics, home health cardiac specialists,
community-based service coordinators, patient telemanagement, hospital-sponsored
cardiac rehabilitation, emergency department observation units, and CHF sub acute care.
In the hospital setting, the most common strategy is the clinical pathway. However, none
of these clinical pathways has been studied rigorously for efficacy. The purpose of this
literature review is to evaluate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of home care
monitoring patients as a means of reducing hospital readmissions. The use of effective
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home care monitoring of heart failure patients will decrease the incidence of
readmissions, increase patients the quality of life and lower the costs of health care.In
India the conditions are even worst. evaluate the medical literature and assess the
effectiveness of home care monitoring for patients as a means of reducing hospital
readmissions and length of stay. Through the literature survey we can conclude that there
is a need to develop a system through which the health parameters can be effectively
monitored.

2.2 Problem Formulation

A system can be designed using embedded system technology which is capable to solve
the problems regarding to the health monitoring of patients.
The technical brilliance and development in different fields has led to a drastic in our
lives, one among them is embedded systems. The application of these devices is to
monitor the patient health status. . The other network is GSM network. This can be
operated from any distance to any point of control. The communication is done with the
help of local network support. This can get communicated to any part of the world which
the network of the local system is applicable. Here we are using for the hospital
communication for monitoring the patient.
In case of emergency and dangerous situations we have to alert the doctor immediately.
For this we are using a GSM based network for doctor to patient communication in the
hospital and even to communicate and indicate the status of the patient through SMS.
This way of communication is actually done with the GSM network. Each patient will be
given this module and with the help of this module the patient health condition is
monitored and if there is any change in the condition of the health then it immediately
sends that changed data through SMS to the local system where the main module is
connected to the computer to maintain the status of the patient.
The software application and the hardware implementation help the microcontroller read
the output of the sensors and send these values to the doctors mobile whenever he sends
a request to the controlling unit. The measure of efficiency is based on how fast the
microcontroller can read the sensor output values and send a message to the doctors
mobile whenever these parameters exceed the normal values. The system is totally
designed using LCD and embedded systems technology.

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The Controlling unit has an application program to allow the microcontroller read the
sensor output values and send them to the user mobile whenever he sends a request to the
controlling unit. The performance of the design is maintained by controlling unit.

CHAPTER 3
WORKING

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Figure 3 Circuit of Health Monitoring System

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3.1 Working of Heart Beat Sensor

Figure 3.1 Circuit Diagram of heart beat sensor

The sensor consists of a super bright red LED and light detector. The LED needs to be
super bright as the light must pass through finger and detected at other end. When the
heart pumps a pulse of blood through the blood vessels, the finger becomes slightly more
opaque and so less light reached the detector. This signal is passed through the filter
circuit which is a parallel combination or capacitor and register from this filter circuit the
noise and variation are removed then this signal is amplified by the opamp. Then the
obtained signal is again filtered by the filter circuit and again amplified by the opamp.
This output of the opamp is considered as the final heart rate of the patient and it is given
as the output. At the output a LED is connected. Whenever a signal comes at the output it
blinks and rest it was off so we obtained a blinking of this LED which is the heart beat of
the patient. The duration in blinking is the rate of the heart beat of that patient.

3.2 Working of Temperature Sensor

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. 1C change
causes 10mv voltage. When temperature increases in degree Celsius linearly proportional
voltage is obtained. The output is obtained in the form of voltage. This value is given to
the input terminal of microcontroller. The microcontroller compares this value with the
reference value if it is greater then the reference value that means the patience needs a

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HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

doctor. The message which says exceed in temperature along with the value of
temperature is send to the mobile no mentioned in the programming of microcontroller.

3.3 Working of Stress Sensor

The Stress Sensor consists of two copper plates connected with a resistance. The
electrical resistance varies in proportion to the amount of strain in the device When
pressure is applied on these plates resistance increase. When resistance increase voltage
decreases. Here we take values from 5v to 0v in programming so it shows higher value.
The output is obtained in the form of voltage. This value is given to the input terminal of
microcontroller. The microcontroller compares this value with the reference value if it is
greater then the reference value that means the patience needs a doctor. The message
which says exceed in temperature along with the value of temperature is send to the
mobile no mentioned in the programming of microcontroller.

3.4 Working of Glucose Sensor

In glucose sensor there are two terminals. When we insert these terminals into the
beaker containing glucose then conductivity established between them. When
conductivity increases voltage increases which shows increasing glucose level.
Without water we obtain 0 in output. When the two terminals come into water loop
completed and conductivity forms and current starts flowing. The output of the sensor
is given to microcontroller on which it is compared with the standard value and if it
exceeds from the reference value then a massage is send to the mentioned mobile
number in the program.

3.5 Working of LCD

LCD shows the output in the form which is understandable by the user. It shows the value
of all the sensors and if there is an increase in any value it indicates that. It shows the
output according to the code given for LCD in programming of microcontroller.

3.6 Working of GSM modem

GSM modem is used in the circuit to send SMS to a mobile. GSM modem follows the
instructions given by microcontroller. Microcontroller gives instruction to GSM modem
through AT commands. Whenever there is any change in any value of any sensor there is
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HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SMS ALERT

a requirement to send a message to a mobile. This work is done by GSM modem. A SIM
card is inserted in the port given for it in GSM modem and the mobile no on which the
SMS is need to be send is mentioned in the programming.

3.7 Working of Microcontroller

Microcontroller controls all the peripherals connected in the circuit. Microcontroller is
programmed to perform curtain tasks. It takes the output of every sensor used in the
system, compares the outputs with the reference values in the programming and if there
are fluctuations, does the action mentioned in the programming. GSM modem used in the
circuit works by the instructions provide to it through microcontroller. LCD operations
are performed by the program in the microcontroller.

3.8 Working of Complete Circuitry

Power supply which is obtained is 230v and is applied to a step down transformer
which converts it into 12v. The power supply circuit consists of a bridge rectifier
which converts AC int DC then there is a capacitor to maintain fluctuations then there
is a 7805IC for 12v to 5v conversion then there is a capacitor for noise and fluctuation
maintenance. Power supply is given to sensors, GSM modem and other circuitry The
four sensors are connected to the analog pin of the microcontroller. The outputs of the
sensors are in the form of voltage.
In stress sensor when pressure is applied resistivity increases and voltage decrease.
Here we take values from 5v to 0v in programming so it shows higher value. In
glucose sensor there are two terminals. When we insert these terminals into the beaker
containing glucose then conductivity established between them. When conductivity
increases voltage increases which shows increasing glucose level. Heart beat sensor
counts the no. of beats per second. This is an arrangement of LED and LDR. The
output of heart beat sensor is obtained in the form of pulse count. In temperature
sensor 1C change causes 10mv voltage. When temperature increase voltage increase
and we get a message exceed in temperature. The readings of all the sensors are
displayed on LCD. If the readings are larger then the reference value given in the
program a message is send to a mobile number mentioned in the programming
through GSM modem.

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3.9 Flow Chart

Figure 3.9 Flow chart

First inputs are applied to the four sensors simultaneously. The outputs from these sensors
are applies to microcontroller. The output of each sensor is displayed on LCD. These
outputs are compared with the reference reading stored in the microcontroller.
Microcontroller is programmed to perform certain operations. It compares the reading and
if there is any increase in the output of any sensor it displays a message on LCD which
shows increase in particular value of respective sensor. After this microcontroller sends a
message to a mobile no given in the programming through GSM modem. By the message
a quick action can be taken for the patient.
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CHAPTER 4
EXPERIMENTAL/SIMULATION, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Experiments
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In health monitoring system we are using four sensor heart beat sensor, temperature
sensor, stress sensor & glucose sensor.

4.1.1 Heart beat sensor

we design heart beat sensor which is an parallel combination of LED & LDR.A heartbeat
sensor is basically arrangement of LED, LDR with capacitors, registers, potentiometer
and LM358N IC. Heart beat is sensed by using a high intensity type LED and LDR. The
finger is placed between the LED and LDR.
This sensor is small in size and easy to carry at any place. ECG and other machines which
are used for measuring heart beat have heavy arrangements and are hard to carry out at
any place soothe sensor is very necessary according to the requirement and emergency.
The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis
and tracking of medical conditions. It is also used by individuals, such as athletes, who
are interested in monitoring their heart rate to gain maximum efficiency from their
training.

Figure 4.1.1 Heart beat sensor

4.1.2 Temperature sensor

For temperature sensing we are using LM35 sensor which is a temperature sensor which
continue monitor temperature .

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Figure 4.1.2 Temperature sensor

4.1.3 Stress sensor

For implementing stress sensor we are using the principle of strain gauge basically we are
using two copper plates on which as we apply pressure according to which its electrical
resistance vary which we are measuring.

Figure 4.1.3(a) stress sensor

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Figure.4.1.3(b) Experimental view of stress sensor

4.1.4 Glucose sensor
In glucose sensor there are two terminals. When we insert these terminals into the
beaker containing glucose then conductivity established between them. When
conductivity increases voltage increases which shows increasing glucose level.
Without water we obtain 0 in output.
When the two terminals come into water loop completed and conductivity forms and
current starts flowing.
The output of the sensor is given to microcontroller on which it is compared with the
standard value and if it exceeds from the reference value then a massage is send to the
mentioned mobile number in the program.

Figure 4.1.4 Glucose sensor

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4.2 Result
we successfully design health monitoring system which continuously measure human
health issues which are very important in our daily lives such as heart beat, temperature,
stress level & glucose level.
We used arduino software for coding of ATMEGA8,Eagle software is used for PCB
designing, we used GSM modem for communication purpose.Assemble the circuit on the
PCB as shown in figure 4.After assembling the circuit on the PCB, check it for proper
connections before switching on the power supply.

Figure 4.2(a) Health Monitoring System with SMS alert

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Figure 4.2(b) SMS on remote mobile

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

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5.1 Conclusion

The implementation of Health Monitoring System using GSM is done

successfully. The communication is properly done without any interference
between different modules in the design. Design is done to meet all the
specifications and requirements. Software tools like Aurdino, Proload to dump the
source code into the microcontroller.

The performance of the system is more efficient. Continuously reading the output
from the sensors and pass the data to the doctors mobile whenever the read values
exceed the normal values or whenever the doctor sends a request to the controlling
unit is the main job carried out by the microcontroller. The mechanism is
controlled by the microcontroller.

The performance has been verified both in software simulator and hardware
design. The total circuit is completely verified functionally and is following the
application software.

It can be concluded that the design implemented in the present work provide
portability, flexibility and the data transmission is also done with low power
consumption.

5.2 Future scope:

ECG, EEG, PH level & other health parameter can also be monitored.
Continuous monitoring & future diagnosis can be performed via the same system
More than a single patient at different places can be monitored using single system
by adding few more components.

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