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A e r os p ac e M e ta l C om p o si te s L im i te d
te l : 4 4 1 2 5 2 3 7 50 0 1 fa x : 4 4 1 2 52 3 7 50 0 2
w w w.a m c -m m c .c o .u k
AMC225XE
T e c h n i c a l Da ta
P AR T I C LE R E I N F O R CE D A LU M I N I U M A L L OY
AMC225xe is a high quality aerospace grade aluminium alloy
(AA2124) reinforced with 25% by volume of ultrafine particles of
silicon carbide. It is manufactured by a special powder metallurgy
route using a proprietary high-energy mixing process which ensures excellent particle distribution and enhances mechanical
properties.
The key benefits of AMC225xe for structural applications include:
Weight saving
AM C640xa
AM C235xe
AM C225xe
AM C217xe
Aluminium
Powder
St eel
T i Al l oy
M g Al l oy
Al Al l oy
Ultrafine SiC
Particles
10
20
30
40
50
Forging
Hi-Energy
Mixing
Solid State
Compaction
Billet
Extrusion
60
115 GPa
650 MPa
480 MPa
Strain to Fail
5%
Poissons Ratio
0.3
Vickers Hardness
210
Thermal Conductivity
150 W/m/C
15.5 ppm/C
Heat Capacity
0.836 J/g/C
Solidus
548C
Electrical Conductivity
21 % IACS
Density
2.88 g/cm3
Information is provided for guidance purposes only and does not constitute a guarantee.
Rolling
Motorsport
Performance valve train
Cylinder liners
Pistons
Connecting rods
Brake callipers
Disk Bells
Suspension parts
Aerospace & Defence
Aero engine vanes
Aircraft structure
Brakes and Wheels
Control Systems
Valve Blocks
AM C2 2 5 x e
THERMAL
S TABI L I TY
A e r os p ac e M e ta l C om p o si te s L im i te d
te l : 4 4 1 2 5 2 3 7 50 0 1 fa x : 4 4 1 2 52 3 7 50 0 2
w w w.a m c -m m c .c o .u k
% of Maximum Hardness
0.5
85 %
93 %
22
97%
100
100%
A MC225X E T4 - R e ta i ne d R o o m Te mp e r a tur e
50
150
200
250
300
350
200
100
10 Hours
100 Hours
1000 Hours
150
100
0
10
15
20
250C
A M C225X E - T4 CW Q - Su r fa ce to Co r e
300C
H a r d n e ss
Electrical Conductivity
(%IACS)
150C
26
21
16
0
10
15
20
200C
250C
Information is provided for guidance purposes only and does not constitute a guarantee.
300C
225
220
215
210
205
200
0
4
6
8
10 12 14 16
Distance from Component Edge (mm)
18
20
AM C2 2 5 x e
THERMAL
PRO P ER TIE S (1 )
A e r os p ac e M e ta l C om p o si te s L im i te d
te l : 4 4 1 2 5 2 3 7 50 0 1 fa x : 4 4 1 2 52 3 7 50 0 2
w w w.a m c -m m c .c o .u k
AMC225xe shows significant strength, fatigue and hardness benefits at elevated temperatures. This enables successful application for
engine components including; valve train, pistons, cylinder liners and connecting rods. Strength and modulus at temperature follow similar trends to other precipitation hardened aluminium alloys, but from a higher room temperature base point. Strength and modulus
benefits feed through to enhanced elevated temperature fatigue performance.
T4 +
Thermal Cycled
200 cycles
50-200C
T4 +
Thermal Exposure
150C for 1000
hours
Test
Temp
C
0.2%
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
0.2%
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
0.2%
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
150
474
616
369
442
343
424
200
448
530
265
343
259
331
260
128
194
125
193
127
198
350
48
65
45
59
49
67
As Fabricated
T1 (QOP041)
T1 +
Thermal Cycled
200 cycles
50-200C
T1 +
Thermal Exposure
150C for 1000
hours
Test
Temp
C
0.2%
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
0.2%
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
0.2%
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
150
321
428
269
348
261
336
200
276
358
187
265
175
253
260
102
200
92
150
99
154
350
48
65
46
56
45
60
As Heat Treated
T4 (QOP042)
Physical Properties
Elastic modulus is reduced with temperature following a similar
trend to aluminium alloys, but from a higher room temperature
base point of 115 GPa. Thermal expansion coefficient over a
temperature range of 100 to +100C is approximately 15.5
ppm / C. A temperature sensitivity of 0.0279 per C (mean temperature from range) is calculated from experimental data. Thermal conductivity shows a small temperature sensitivity related to
the state of alloy elements i.e. whether they are present in solid
solution and the size of precipitates.
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Temperature (C)
20
Thermal Expansion
Coefficient ppm/C
AMC225XE Plate
Tensile Strength at Temperature.
18
16
14
y = 0.0279x + 15.468
12
10
-125
-75
-25
25
75
125
50
Thermal Conductivity
W/m/C
40
30
20
10
0
0
50
100
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
0
200
400
Temperature (C)
600
AM C2 2 5 x e
THERMAL
PRO P ER TIE S (2 )
A e ros p ac e Me t al Co mp o s i t e s Li mit e d
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Fatigue at Temperature
Rotating bend fatigue tests (Kt=1, R=-1) have been used to compare fatigue strength at elevated temperature between 225xe
and 2618 alloys. The test is completed at 2800 rpm, leading to a
5.95 hour test for 1 million fatigue cycles. Heat flow is calibrated
for the fatigue test to provide a sample surface temperature as
detailed below.
R o ta ti n g B e n d F a ti gu e Li m i t a t 1 M i l l i o n
Cy cl e s.
Maximum Bend
Stress (MPa)
Hardness at Temperature
Figures below provide Vickers Hardness measurements for
AMC225xe T4 at elevated temperature. Samples are preheated for
10 or 60 minutes and hardness is measured during controlled sample cooling. Transfer from the furnace means that it is impossible
to measure hardness at the soak temperature. Measurements are
typically started at 30 to 60C below the soak temperature.
400
225xe - T4
200
2618 - T6
0
24
300
350
AMC225x e T4 - Pr e he a t 10 mi nute s
R o ta ti n g B e n d F a ti gu e Li m i t a t 10 M i l l i o n
200
Cy cl e s.
Preheat 250C
150
Preheat 350C
100
Preheat 450C
50
Maximum Bend
Stress (MPa)
150
400
300
200
100
0
225xe - T4
2618 - T6
24
0
0
100
200
300
400
150
300
350
500
Temperature C
200
200
Preheat 250C
150
Preheat 350C
100
Preheat 450C
50
AM C225xe T4 - P reheat 60 m i n u t es
150
1/sec
100
0.1/sec
50
0
0
0
100
200
300
Temperature C
400
Information is provided for guidance purposes only and does not constitute a guarantee.
500
300
350
400
450
Temperature C
500
550
AM C2 2 5 x e
FATI GUE
PROP ER TIE S
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Fatigue Conditions.
Fatigue Conditions
A comparison of rotating bend and tension - tension fatigue
curves for forged plate in a T4 (QOP042) heat treatment is given
below:
500
y = -14Ln(x) + 592.86
400
300
y = -16.204Ln(x) + 569.85
200
100
0
Product Form
A greater degree of fabrication work generally enhances fatigue
performance. A comparison of as HIP billet, forged plate and
extruded product is given below for a T4 (QOP042) condition.
This data is for a rotating bend test (kt=1, R=-1) and shows the
fatigue limit stress at 10 million cycles.
Tension R=0.1
Notched Fatigue
The chart below provides a comparison of notched (Kt=2.7) and
un-notched (Kt=1) tensiontension (R=0.1) fatigue curves for
extruded bar in a T4 polymer glycol quench (QOP044) heat treatment.
Extrusion 30:1
500
Forged Plate
As HIP Billet
0
100
200
300
400
500
Extrusion 10:1
y = -17.445Ln(x) + 614.03
400
300
y = -18.648Ln(x) + 464.22
200
100
0
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
No of Cycles
Kt =1
Kt = 2.7
1.E+06
1.E+07
AM C2 2 5 x e
H E AT
T RE ATM E NT
A e r os p ac e M e ta l C om p o si te s L im i te d
te l : 4 4 1 2 5 2 3 7 50 0 1 fa x : 4 4 1 2 52 3 7 50 0 2
w w w.a m c -m m c .c o .u k
AMC225xe is based on a 2124 precipitate hardened aluminium alloy, reinforced with 25 volume % of 2-3 micron Silicon Carbide particles. The alloy responds to conventional solution treatment, quench and age treatments to achieve high strength and fatigue performance. However, certain heat treatment conditions are modified as a result of the powder metallurgy manufacturing route and the presence of the fine reinforcement.
Solution Heat Treatment
Effect of Heat Treatment - AMC225xe Measured Values on Forged Plate 15mm thick.
505C Solution Treated
Quench Treatment
Ultimate
Strength
(MPa)
0.2% Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Strain
to Fail
(%)
Core
Vickers
Hardness
(Hv5kg)
Electrical
Conductivity
(%IACS)
Surface
Residual
Stress *
(MPa)
Fatigue Limit
1x106 Cycles
R=0.1, Kt=1. *
(MPa)
Air Cool
446
283
5.2
142
26.4
281
616
410
5.1
188
23.3
-36
350
649
469
3.3
205
21.8
-116
387
670
468
4.3
211
21.2
-120
399