Wastewater

Treatment

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Noorderzijlvest
Frysln
Blija Buitendijks
Hunze and Aas
Reest and Wieden
Velt and Vecht
Groot Salland
Regge and Dinkel
Veluwe
Rijn and IJssel
Vallei and Eem
De Stichtse Rijnlanden
Amstel, Gooi and Vecht
Hollands Noorderkwartier
Rijnland
Delfland
Schieland and Krimpenerwaard
Rivierenland
Hollandse Delta
Zeeuwse islands
Zeeuws-Flanders
Brabants Delta
De Dommel
Aa and Maas
Peel and Maasvallei
Roer and Overmaas
Zuiderzeeland

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cross section
A. suction pipe
B. membrane pump
C. pressure line
D. grit reservoir
E. grit removal carriage

longitudinal
section

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a. grit trap in water line wit bar screen

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sedimentation tank

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Q
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Q
grit trap

screen
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sludge treatment
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b. grit trap in water line with cutting screen

sedimentation tank
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grit trap
cutting screen

sludge treatment

c. grit trap in sludge line

B
sedimentation tank
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sludge treatment

A - Screen
B - Pipe
C - Bypass pipe

sludge

grit trap

wastewater treatment

wastewater treatment

Preface
1 Introduction
2 Primary Treatment
3 Biological Treatment
4 Additional Treatment
5 Sludge Treatment
6 Practical Considerations

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wastewater treatment

Preface
The wastewater treatment lectures are designed to provide insight into the processes and techniques
that are applied in the wastewater treatment eld, where the focus is laid on the basic principles, local
conditions, basic circumstances and performance processes. Their mutual relationship is also explained.
After this it will be possible for a student to set up a schematic wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) and to
design various industrial components. This textbook is thus meant to bring about a general understanding
of the basic principles of the treatment of wastewater.
For this the following are necessary:
- knowledge of the composition of wastewater;
- the requirements that are placed on the puried wastewater (the efuent), and the entire wwtp;
- the wwtp design coming from the various treatment concepts;
- the operation and the application of purication techniques.
In this lecture and syllabus we make use of general rules of thumb and maybe somewhat old design
methods. Since this course is just an introduction to sewage treatment, the design methods you learn
here will give some basic insight in sizing of the different process units. However, nowadays, most
designs are based on the sludge kinetics and biological conversion rates. This will be taught in the
Masters Course Waste Water Treatment (CIE 4485)
This text book is similar in many ways to a cook book; just as in every cook book the ingredients,
techniques and recipes are essential. The ingredients of wastewater treatment are in the wastewater
itself, bacterial cultures, and purication chemicals. The techniques are divided into physical, chemical,
physical-chemical, and biological (aerobic and anaerobic) treatment techniques. Finally there are various
recipes to treat wastewater. This is what differentiates the purication concept (conguration of various
purication techniques).
The most important aspect of wastewater treatment is that the efuent (the puried wastewater) that
leaves the wwtp and is drained onto the surface water meets discharge requirements. Along with that
the purication water authorities (the regional water authority, the district water control board, and the
sewage purication board) will pursue an environmentally friendly or sustainable design and operations
with minimal effects on society.
For an in depth knowledge refer to Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, 4th edition, Metcalf
and Eddy, 2003; ISBN 0-07-112258. In this syllabus there is continual referral to the chapters in
this manual with ME This book is also used in the continuation lectures in the Masters Programme.