Causes: These are the reasons why deviations might occur.

Once a deviation has been shown

to have a conceivable or realistic cause, it can be treated as meaningful.
Consequences: These are the results of the deviations.
Hazards: These are consequences which can cause damage, injury or loss.
Guide Words: These are simple words which are used to qualify the intention in order to
guide and stimulate the creative thinking process and so discover deviations. A list of guide
words is given in table below:

There is need of synergic thinking from the very conceptual stage to avoid contradictions in
the installation.
Fire is one of the major risks in every walk of life. We must protect our self against Fire
hazard by adhering to the instructions/laws while at home or otherwise.
Fire is one of the major risks in every walk of life. We must protect our self against Fire
hazard by adhering to the instructions/laws while at home or otherwise.
Spending money and worrying for aesthetics could be important and understood but not at the
cost of Fire safetyPrevention and Protection.

The fundamental principle Protector must be protected first should not be

ignored.
The cost of basic fire protection system is just less than 2 3 % of the total
infrastructure cost and is worth spending.

Spending money and worrying for aesthetics could be important and understood but not at the
cost of Fire safetyPrevention and Protection.
Why do we not introspect?
Deviations: These are departure from the intension which are discovered by systematically
applying the guide words.

There is need of synergic thinking from the very conceptual stage to avoid contradictions in

the installation.
Fire is one of the major risks in every walk of life. We must protect our self against Fire
hazard by adhering to the instructions/laws while at home or otherwise.

The fundamental principle Protector must be protected first should not be

ignored.
The cost of basic fire protection system is just less than 2 3 % of the total

infrastructure cost and is worth spending.

Spending on aesthetics is important but not at the cost of Fire safety Prevention
and Protection.

Intention: The intention defines how the part is expected to operate. This can take a number
of forms and can be either descriptive or diagrammatic. In many cases it will be a flow sheet
or line diagram.
Causes: These are the reasons why deviations might occur. Once a deviation has been shown
to have a conceivable or realistic cause, it can be treated as meaningful.
Consequences: These are the results of the deviations.
Hazards: These are consequences which can cause damage, injury or loss.
Guide Words: These are simple words which are used to qualify the intention in order to
guide and stimulate the creative thinking process and so discover deviations. A list of guide
words is given in table below:
Guide
Words
Meanings Comments
NO or NOT
The complete negation of
these intentions
No part of the intentions is achieved by
nothing else happens
MORE
Quantitative increases or
decreases
These refer to quantities + properties such as
flow rates and temperatures as well as
activities like HEAT and REACT
LESS

AS WELL
AS
A qualitative increase
All the design and operating intentions are
achieved together with some additional
activity
PART OF A qualitative decrease
Only some of the intensions are achieved;
some are not
REVERSE
The logical opposite of
the intention
This is mostly applicable to activities, for
example reverse flow or chemical reaction. It
can also be applied to substances, e.g.
POISON instead of ANTIDOTE or D
instead of L optical isomers
OTHER
THAN
Complete substitution
No part of the original intention is achieved.
Something quite different happens.
2. Team Composition:
Hazard and Operability Studies are normally carried out by multi-disciplinary teams. The
examination requires the team to have a detailed knowledge of the way the plant is intended
to work. This requires both concerned with the design of the plant and those concerned with
its operation.
3. The Procedure for a study:
The principles described in the previous section are put into practice in a procedure which
consists of the following steps:
1. Define objectives and scope
2. Select the team
3. Prepare for the study
4. Carry out the examination
5. Record the results
6. Follow up actions

Do we think sincerely to include Fire safety measures at conceptual stages of any project
while planning in regards to construction, production, BMS/utility, maintenance,
environment, health and accidents concerning there own safety as also human safety?
The non-industrial is no longer fire safe. Urban development heavy growth of population and
lack of space has forced to go for multistoried and high rise constructions.

Hospitals, malls, multiplexes, Hotels, housing Towers and similar complex building are
becoming potential fire risks, endangering the PROPERTY AND LIFE.
Almost periodically we hear news on fire incidences causing immense loss of property and
life. We still do not give enough importance to fire protection.
Laws do exist. However the supervising and implementing organizations are almost totally
inadequate in every branch of administrative requirements.
The occupiers/constructing people are also not serious about their own habitat, largely
ignorant, almost careless and miser to spend on fire safety.
As a matter of fact we should ask ourselvesWhy should we wait till somebody telling us we are wrong or for any mishap?
Do we not have LADY instinct to foresee to prevent and protect- from fire risks?
Do we are not bothered about business continuity & loss of good will due to partial or total
closure of activity?
What percentage of total project cost we allot to fire safety installations?
The RealityIt is generally seen that fire safety installation is the delayed entry in planning which results
into a somewhat patch work and forced to adjust some how with the prevailing planned
building structure and allied systems including the electrical cabling, process piping, air
handling systems, drainage systems etc.
Such patch up installation generally pose major problem in complying with good engineering
practices as also the techno-legal provisions of NBC/BIS/TAC/NFPA/FM /Local regulations
as the case may be.
As a matter of fact the fire protection system which is a protector which is not duly respected
and safeguarded.

How can an unprotected and a lame system work effectively in Emergency situation? A weak
team, system or structure whether it is army, fire/security and vigilance can not prevent or
protect as expected.