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Crude oil and natural gas are often found together. They are both made up of
hydrocarbons, which are molecules that contain a lot of energy. When we burn
them, we get this energy. We use hydrocarbons for fuel for heating, cooking,
and trasnportation.
There are also many products that we can make from hydrocarbons. We use
chemical processes to change the hydrocarbon chains to make nylon,
medicines, and lots of different plastics.
Hydrocarbons have different lengtsh and structures. Some are straight chains,
some are branching chains and some are rings. The smallest hydrocarbons are
colourless gases under normal temperature and pressure. These are small
molecules with one, two, three or four carbon atoms. The smallest is methane
(CH4 atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms. Natural gas is a mixture of
small hydrocarbons - methane (CH4 ethane (C2 H6 are used as fuels.
Hydrocarbons with more than four carbon atoms in each molecule are liquid.
Crude oil is a liquid under normal temperature and pressure. It is a mixture of
more tan 100 different hydrocarbon molecules. As hydrocarbon molecules get
bigger they have a bigger boiling point, so it is possible to separate the
hydrocarbons. This happens at a refinery.
C) This is methane. ( )
H) Bitumen is solid. ( )
1 Work in small groups. Match the word with the correct definition.
1) atom
2) molecule atoms that are bonded together
3) boling point
4) mixture
a) this consists of any number of atoms that are bonded together
b) different compounds that exist
c) the smallest part of a substance that can exist
a tanker
three molecules
an oil refinery
several platforms
one litre
The tankers carry huge amounts of oil.
Uncountable nouns
Los Uncountable nouns siempre tienen una forma del verbo en singular.
Oil is transported in tankers
Algunos sustantivos (nouns), tales como fuel, oil y rock, pueden ser ambos
countable y uncountable.
When talking about quantities in negatives and questions, we can use much
with uncountable nouns and many with countable nouns
1 book ( )
2 car ( )
3 container ( )
4 engineer ( )
5 environment ( )
6 equipment ( )
7 gas ( )
8 information ( )
9 money ( )
10 noise ( )
1 What are the three main methods used in oil and gas exploration?
4) What sort of samples do chemists take? How can this help in the search?
6) How do scientists carry out seismic exploration? Which methods are used on
land?
a) create well logs and take core samples for analysis _____
GEOLOGICAL METHODS
1 Photographs are taken from planes or satellites. These are then examined by
geologists. They look for the special rock formations where oil is often
found. These can be seen from the air. Afterwards, geologists on the
ground collect rock samples and analyse them.
2 When a possible future oil field is identified, the next step is to drill an
exploratory well. These are some,times calles wildcat wells.
3 Each time a new wll is drilled, a well log is created. The well log is a record
of the rocks and the depths at wich they are found. Geologists also keep
core samples for analysis. Geologists can use the information from
different well logs to construct a map of the area between the wells. This
process is called geological reasoning.
GEOCHEMICAL METHODS
5 Geochemists analyse samples of surface water and soil for small amounts of
oil and gas that show oil or gas reserves. A gas chromatograph can
analyse gas. At sea, hydrocarbons can be found by equipment that is
pulled along in the water.
GEOPHYSICAL METHODS
6 Geophysicists use mathematics and physics to create a picture of the subsurface. They can identify types of rock by their density (mass) and
magnetic qualities. They use different equipment in their search. A
4 Geochemists analyse samples of surface water and soil for small amounts of
oil and gas.
3 Afterwards, geologists on the ground collect rock samples and analyse them.
hidrocarburos
B) Los hidrocarburos son tiles debido a que contienen una gran cantidad de
energa. ()
C) Este es el metano. ()
H) El betn es slida. ()
1) tomo
2) tomos de molculas que estn unidas entre s
3) Punto de boling
4) mezcla de
a) este se compone de cualquier nmero de tomos que estn unidos juntos
b) compuestos diferentes que existen
c) la parte ms pequea de una sustancia que puede existir
d) las temperaturas cuando un lquido se convierte en gas
un buque cisterna
tres molculas
una refinera de petrleo
varias plataformas
uno litro
Los buques tanque transportan enormes cantidades de petrleo.
Sustantivos incontables
Ests ninguna Tienen forma plural, y TAMPOCO usamos un / una junta numeros
Con Los sustantivos incontables, DEBIDO una cola no contados pueden
ser.
Los sustantivos incontables siempre Tienen Una forma del verbo en singular.
El petrleo se transporta en camiones cisterna
1 libro ()
2 coche ()
3 contenedor ()
4 ingeniero ()
5 ambiente ()
6 equipos ()
7 gas ()
8 Informacin ()
9 dinero ()
10 de ruido ()
mtodos geolgicos
1 Se toman fotografas desde aviones o satlites. Estos son examinados por los
gelogos. Buscan las formaciones rocosas especiales en las que se
encuentra a menudo el aceite. Estos pueden ser vistos desde el aire.
Posteriormente, los gelogos sobre el terreno recoger muestras de rocas
y analizarlos.
3 Cada vez que un nuevo WLL se perfora, un "registro de pozo 'se crea. El 'as
log' es un registro de las rocas y los wich profundidades en que se
encuentran. Los gelogos tambin mantienen muestras de ncleos para
su anlisis. Los gelogos pueden utilizar la informacin de los diferentes
registros de pozos para construir un mapa de la zona comprendida entre
los pozos. Este proceso se denomina "razonamiento geolgico.
mtodos geoqumicos
Mtodos geofsicos
6 Los geofsicos utilizan las matemticas y la fsica para crear una imagen de la
sub-superficie. Pueden identificar tipos de rocas por su densidad (masa)
y las cualidades magnticas. Ellos usan diferentes equipos en su
bsqueda. Un gravmetro muestra la densidad de la roca, y un
magnetmetro mide los campos magnticos. Un magnetmetro puede
ser utilizado en aviones durante el vuelo sobre un rea. Otro mtodo es
la exploracin ssmica, que utiliza sonido. Las ondas de choque son
producidos por explosivos que se colocan en un agujero en el suelo.
Estas ondas se reflejan y se muestran los diferentes tipos de roca debajo
de la superficie. En lugar de explosivos, se utilizar un camin vibrador.
1 Cada vez que un nuevo pozo se perfora, un "registro de pozo 'se crea.