Present Tenses

Structure:
Positive
I
We
You
+ verb ( infinitive without to) +
They
We get up at 8 every day.
He
She
+ verb +-s/-es +.
It
He gets up at 8 every day.
-es: -x; -o; -ch; -sh; -ss; -s;
I watch he watches
y: If the word ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) + y then just add s. ( I play he plays)If the word ends in a
consonant + y then y changes to ies (I fly he flies)
Questions
I
Do we
+ verb+ .?
you
they
Do we get up at 8 every day?
he
Does she + verb +.?
It
Does he get up at 8 every day?
Negations
I
We
You
+ do not (dont) + verb +
They
We do not get up at 8 every morning.
He
She
+ does not (doesnt) + verb +.
It
He doesnt get up at 8 every morning.
:
1.
She works as a nurse
2.
I usually watch TV in the evening.
3.
Money doesnt buy happiness.
4.
The match finishes at 7.45
5. , .
Streep acts brilliantly in this film.
Time expressions used with Present Simple: every day/week/month etc., usually, often, rarely, never,
sometimes, in the morning/afternoon/ at night, on Mondays etc.

Present Continuous
Positive
I
am
We
You
+ are verb + -ing
They
We are getting up at 8 tomorrow.
He
She
+ is verb + -ing +.
It
Questions
Am I +verb +-ing?
we
Are you
+ verb + -ing .?
they
Are we getting up at 8 tomorrow?
he
Is she
+ verb + -ing.?
It
Is he getting up at 8 tomorrow?
Negations
I
am not +verb+-ing
We
You
+ are not (arent) + verb + -ing
They
We are not getting up at 8 tomorrow.
He
She
+ is not (isnt) + verb + -ing.
It
He is not getting up at 8 tomorrow.
When verbs end in one stressed vowel between two consonants, we double the final consonant. sitsitting
Look at the spelling of these verbs:
Lie-lying
write-writing
Die-dying
drive-driving
:
1. .
Theyre staying at the Park Hotel at present.
2. , .
She is looking for a better job.
3. , always,
.
Shes always interrupting me!
4. .
The Browns are visiting us tonight (everything is arranged)
5. , .
His English is getting better.
Time expressions: now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still etc.

Present Perfect
Structure:
Positive
I
We
You
+ have +verb + -ed (past participle 3 )
They
We have done our homework.
He
She
+has+ verb + -ed (past participle 3 ).
It
He has done his homework
Questions
I
Have we
+ verb + -ed (past participle 3 ).?
you
they
Have you done your homework?
he
Has
she
+verb + -ed (past participle 3 )?
It
Has he done his homework?
Negations
I
We
You
+ have not (havent) + verb +-ed (past participle 3 )
They
We havent done our homework yet.
He
She
+ has not (hasnt) + verb+ -ed (past participle 3 )?
It
He hasnt done his homework yet.
:
1. , .
She has tidied her room. (You can see it is tidy now)
2. , .
He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them)
3. , .
Ive lost ten kilos.
4. , .
Ive written three letters since this morning.
Time expressions: just, ever, never, already, yet (negations and questions), always, how long, so far,
recently, since, for, today, this week/month etc.

Present Perfect Continuous

Structure:
Positive
I
We

You
+ have been +verb + -ing
They
We have been doing our homework all morning
He
She
+has+ been verb + -ing
It
He has been doing his homework all morning.
Questions
I
Have we
+ been +verb +-ing.?
you
they
Have you been doing your homework all morning?
he
Has
she
+ been+ verb + --ing?
It
Has he been doing his homework all day?
Negations
I
We
You
+ have not (havent) been + verb +-ing
They
We havent been doing our homework all day.
He
She
+ has not (hasnt) been+ verb+ -ing
It
He hasnt been doing his homework all day.
:
1. , .
He has been writing a letter for two hours. (He started two hours ago and hes still writing it)
2. , .
Shes been crying. (Her eyes are red)
3. , , , .
Who has been using my toothbrush? (annoyance)
4. , ( for, since, how
long)
Shes been calling on clients since this morning.
Time expressions: how long, for, since.
N.B.: live, feel and work Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
. Ive been living in Rome for two years = I have lived in Rome for two years.