PASSIVE: PERFECT TENSES ANO INFINITIVESLA PASIVA: LOS TIEMPOS PERFECTOS Y LOS INFINITIVOS

AG/VA:

PASIVA:

Present Perfect Simple

I have made dinner.

Dinner has been made.

Present Perfect Continuous

I have been making dinner.
Past Perfect Simple
I had made dinner.

PASSIVE:

PERFECT TENSES ANO INFINITIVES-

LA PASIVA: LOS TIEMPOS

INFINITIVOS

VERB

VERBO

PARTICLE -

PARTCULA

PERFECTOS Y LOS

Dinner had been made.

Past Perfect Continuous

I had been making dinner.
Modal Perfect
I should have made dinner.

Dinner should have been made.

It must ha-ve been understood.

He must have understood it.

I may / might / could have done it. It may / might / could have been
done.
Infinitive
It has to be done.
We have to do it .

.............................................................

Los tiempos perfectos continuos no tienen forma pasiva. Si repasas la unidad 8 vers
que los nicos que se usan en pasiva son el Present Continuous y el Past Continuous.
A

Los tiempos perfectos simples forman la pasiva intercalando been entre have /
has / had y el participio pasado.
The police have arrested the criminal.
The criminal has been arrested (by the police).

Para formar la pasiva del infinitivo intercalamos be entre to y el participio.

I didn't expect them to call me for an nterview
I didn't expect to be called for an interview.

Con verbos como know, believe, expect, say, think, consider y suppose son
posibles dos construcciones pasivas, la impersonal con it y la que lleva un
sujeto de persona, pero la ms frecuente es la segunda. Mira estos ejemplos:
Everybody knows (that) Peter is very good at business.
It is known [that] Peter is very good at business.
Peter is known to be very good at business.
People believe (that) the Quecn is very rich.
It is believed (that) the Queen is very rich.
The Queen is believed to be very rich.

EXERCISE

EXERCISE

Write A (active) or P (passive) next to each sentence.

1.

FiII in the blanks with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.

The personal computer (pe) has developed and

changed in the last few years.. .l\..

2. Julia Roberts has won an Oscar for Best Actress.

6.

7.

I refuse to

(the bi!l, not pay) yet?

She announced that the picture

5.

Everyone ought to

(paint) by her son.

(tell) about the incident.
(already take) to hospital when his

10

(give) to all the members today.

Do you know that the test

9. These plans

Michelle has been asked to give the opening speech

9. The city used to be called Peking

(speak to) in this way. You should speak politely.

4.

8.

8. What do you want to be when you grow up?

10.

2.

(invite)
.
invite to t h e meeting.

7. The new rules must

Susan told us that she hadn't heard from Iack for a

long time

be invited
H e wan ts to...............

6. The injured child

parents arrived at the scene.

I wondered why I hadn't been informed in time.

5. This shouldn't be done in a hurry

1.

3. Why

3. We have been invited to dinner at Bob's house.

4.

(put off) to next week?

(make) before you moved to this area.

(a doctor, consult) in this case?

.
EXERCISE

I've never heard anything so ridiculous in my whole life

Write the following active sentences, containing modals and semi-modals, in the passive.

1. You mustn't leave the milk outside the fridge .

EXERCISE

.f0i!k .f!}.l!?'~f}.:~.r?f!. !~f~.9.l!.t?J.cj~.~~~ f!Hjg~:

Make active and passive sentences by matching items from A and B.

B

A
1 . This TV programme

a.

has been ringing all day.

The policeman

b.

have always told me the truth.

c.

have been rising.

d.

is not allowed in this office.

e.

ought to be done soon. She's quite ill.

f.

told the reporter that two people had been

g.

was recorded in front of a live audience.

h.

had been called urgently.

2.

3. Smoking
4.

The operation

5. A meeting
6.

Food prices

7.

My parents

8. The neighbour's car alarm

2. We have to translate this story into German.

3. We must pay for our tickets before Thursday.

4. You should inform lohn's teacher immediately.

5. We ought to invite Susan to the party.

klIed.
I

6. Scientists can't explain the origin of the universe.

7. We needn't buy tickets for the concert in advance.

8. You ought to hand in the homework now.

----v
::==lUlC============~__~========~~~~======~==~~-------====~~~~-~~~--~====~-=========~======~========
EXERCISE

I~

Fill in the blanks using the modal perfect passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1.

The chocolate has melted. It

.'!y!.~~.J:.?X~.l?~~f}.J.~(t;

PARTCULA

The teacher is late for school. She

Algunodsverbos van ~egudidos siempre por una partcula como listen to, ask for, etc.,
y ~uan o van en pestvs ebemos mantener/a.
We've listened to this CD hundreds of times.
This CD has been listened to hundreds of times.

(might

It was [ill's birthday last week. Her cousin

They will send for you when the boss arrives.

(ought to invite) to her party.

4.

PARTICLE

I!

catch) in a traffic jam.

3.

(must leave)

in the sun.
2.

VERB
VERBO

Your project

You will be sent for when the boss arrives.

(should complete) two weeks

This is what we asked foro

This is what was asked foro

ago.
5. There is no train to Liverpool. It
cancel) earlier today.

(must

She thinks highly of the new worker.

The new worker is highly thought of.

EXERCISE
~

Write the following

He threw away the old clothes.

The old clothes were thrown away.

passive sentences in the active voice.

1. The new plans have already been discussed.

We .0.?.':'~.?!:~?c!Y..
~!~~l!;;'~~c!
.~f}.~.
~~~.P.!?0~:

2. These flowers have just been picked.

We

EXERCISE
.. Write the following

active sentences in the passive voice.

.
1. A jeep picked up the soldiers from the base.

3. The invitations had already been sent.

They

!':.~.?.?!~!~C~.
~~:~.P.!C;~~c!
.l!P. (:?~.~0.~
..~?:~~
.~y..?:j~~P':
.
2. The committee hushed up the scandal.

4.

She asked to be picked up at 8.00.

She asked us

.
3. Sheila turned down the offer of a company caro

5.

Our work here is going to be finished soon.

We

.
4. The police took the angry youth away.

6.

She had to be told the truth .

...................................................................................................................

5. The speeding lorry ran over a cat.

7.

This newspaper isn't read by my family.

My family

.
6. The scientist showed us around the laboratory.

8. This programme used to be watched by all the teenagers.

AII the teenagers

EXERCISE

EXERCISE

Write two or three passive statements about the following topics. Use all tenses.

Rewrite the following without changing the meaning of the original sentence.

1. The city I live in

Many new buildings have been built since 1980 .

.9!~.~'!Jf.cj!0.g~.?!.~.~?r:.~~?'!.tiy.
..

v:

.~.~!r:g~!~~r:.f!.cj:
..~:~f!.~
.":':!!! J?'~.P'!c:.,!.t.~~.!r:.:!!?i!!.~.9.l!~:~
.~~~r::.... .........................

2.

My house
My house was built in 1923.

3.

A new suit
This suit must be dry-cleaned.
1. Nobody has ever seen a car like this before. (never)

A car Iike this has never been seen before.

.................................................................................

4.

A car accident

2.

Two passengers were injured.

Boat-builders use fibreglass to make boats.

Fibreglass

1\ play I saw
By the time the play was put on, all the sets had been painted by art students.

4.

Has the car been repaired yet? (mechanic)

.

3.

5.

The World Health Organisation has flown experts into Africa to distribute food.
Experts

5. They were selling flowers near the shopping centre all morning.
Flowers

6. Tourists in my country
Many important historical places can be visited by tourists.

6. We have reserved a table for lunch at the Caf de la Paix.

A table

7. After we had finished the project, we went on holiday. (been)

......................................................................................................................

7.

The laws and government in my country

A new government is elected every four years.

8. You don't have to send us a cheque until next month.

We

................. ....................................................................................................

267

TRANSLATION

Translate the sentences below into your native language.

1.

Great sums have been spent on building new roads.

2.

We should have been informed on time.

3.

Three students are going to be selected for the TV interview.

4.

She could have been seriously injured. Thank God nothing happened.

5.

I would also like to give my opinion.

6.

By the time we arrived, all the tickets had already been sold.

7. She's just been offered a new job.

8.

Who was she taught English by?

SPOT
~

THE

ERROR

)(

Can you correct the mistakes?

GERUNDS -

1.

I born in 1983.

2.

I am very interesting in this subject.

3.

No one has been informed me about the change.

4.

Too many people have killed on the roads.

5. These shoes made in Italy.

EL GERUNDIO

INFINITIVES

EL INFINITIVO

VERBS FOLLOWED
VERBOS SEGUIDOS

268

6.

Who have these flowers been sent?

7.

He is known to being violent.

8.

They knew that they had been following everywhere they went.

BY A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVEDE GERUNDIO

O DE INFINITIVO