Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Berlin, Germany
Stephen Andenmatten
Caitlin Walsh
James Wisniewski
Rensselaer Case Studies Project
Fall 2011
Preface
Buildings embody cultural knowledge. They are testament to the will and
forces that affect their conception, realization, use and experience. They
bear cultural and professional significance and possess within them and
their constituent components important lessons for anyone wanting to
discover what a work of architecture is in its larger context, what brought it
about, and how it contributes to an ever evolving architectural and cultural
discourse. As Emeritus Professor Peter Parsons points out, their [building]
forms and spaces are invested with traces of habitation and beliefs through
the employment of materials wrought by craft and technology. They are
manifestos of habituated practice and progressive intentions, and range
in their influence from reinforcing obsolete patterns and meanings at one
extreme, to innovating and provoking yet unconsidered ones, at the other.
They are beholden to the methods of their conceiving and development,
and owe, at least in part, their aspirations to cultural preoccupations and
priorities.
The Rensselaer Case Studies project examines contemporary works
of architects in relation to what influenced them, and seeks to expose
innovations in thinking, technique and technology that contribute to
architectural knowledge, scholarship and progress in contemporary practice.
The project is designed to reveal the technological and cultural knowledge
embedded within each selected project through questioning and analysis,
probed through the dis- and re-assembly of drawings and models to uncover
the larger significance of the artifact, and how it came to be.
Stephen Andenmatten
Caitlin Walsh
James Wisniewski
Mark Mistur, Associate Professor
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Fall 2011
Cover Image: www.flickr.com, double exposure, by f@asp
Inside cover Image: www.designroof.org, Ricardo Chaves
Table of Contents
CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE EXTENSION
TO THE JEWISH MUSEUM BERLIN...............................................................8
NOTES.............................................................................................................96
FIGURES.........................................................................................................98
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................102
Project Overview
The Jewish Museum Berlin [Figure
I.1], which opened to the public in
1999, exhibits the social, political
and cultural history of the Jews in
Germany from the 4th century to
the present. The museum explicitly
presents and integrates the
repercussions of the Holocaust.1
The new design, which was
conceived in 1988, a year before
the Berlin Wall came down, was
based on three conceptions
that formed the museums
foundation. First, the impossibility
of understanding the history of
Berlin without understanding the
enormous intellectual, economic
and cultural contribution made
by the Jewish citizens of Berlin.
Second, the necessity to integrate
physically and spiritually the
meaning of the Holocaust into the
consciousness and memory of
the city of Berlin. Third, that only
through the acknowledgement and
incorporation of this erasure and
void of Jewish life in Berlin, can the
history of Berlin and Europe have a
human future. 2
10
Architect:
Daniel Libeskind
EXECUTION AND PLANNING
Project Architects:
Matthias Reese
Jan Dinnebier
Architects:
Stefan Blach
David Hunter
Taria MacGabhann
Noel McCauley
Claudia Reisenberger
Eric J. Schall
Solveig Scheper
Ilkka Tarkkanen
Design Phase:
Bernhard von Hammerstein
Jan Kleihues
Hannes Freudenreich
Bob Choeff
Competition Phase:
Donald Bates
Attilio Terragni
Marina Stankovic
Site Control:
Elmar Knippschild
Paul Simons
Frank Kieling
Jan Wehberg
Installations:
Klima Bau
Frankfurt/M
Voigt Bode
Sieversdorf
Electrical:
Alpha, Berlin
Client:
Land of Berlin
Senate Bureaus of Building
Residence and Transportation
Senate Bureau of Sceince,
Research, and Culture
CONSULTANTS
Structural Engineer:
GSE Tragwerkplaner, Berlin
IGW Ingenieurgruppe Wiese, Berlin
Installations:
KST, Klima-Systemtechnik, Berlin
STATISTICS
Gross Floor Area:
15,500 sq. m.
Net Area:
12,500 sq. m.
Exhibition Space:
9,500 sq. m.
Offices, Workshops, Library:
2,500 sq. m.
Depots:
2,000 sq. m.
Lighting:
Lichtplanung Binnebier KG,
Wuppertal
COST AND SITE CONTROL
Arge Beusterien und Lubic, Berlin
Civil Engineer:
Cziesielski + Partner, Berlin
Chief Superviser:
Alexander Lubic
Landscape Architect:
Mller, Knippschild, Wehberg MKW
CONSTRUCTION
Skeleton:
Fischer Bau, Berlin
Faade:
Werner & Sohn, Berlin
K. Louafi
G. Maser
Competition Result:
June 1989
Ground-Breaking Ceremony:
November 1992
Topping-Out Ceremony:
May 1995
Windows:
Trube & Kings
Uersfeld/Eifel
Completion:
January 1999
11
Competition Brief
COMPETITION
Extension Berlin Museum with
Division Jewish Museum-Berlin
CLIENT
Land Berlin
JURORS
Harald Deilmann, Munster
Christoff Hackelsberger, Munchen
Heinz W. Hallmann, Berlin
Hermann Hertzberger, Amsterdam
Klaus Humpert, Freiburg
Josef Paul Kleihues, Berlin
Isaak Luxemberg, Tel-Aviv
Peter P. Schweger, Hamburg
EXPANSION PROGRAM
Permanent collection showrooms
Temporary exhibition space
Public spaces
Storage areas
Administrative (offices, meeting
rooms, workshops, etc.)
DESIGN TASK
The need for museum expansion is
due to a lack of functional
exhibition space, specifically for
the Jewish Museum department,
and a necessity for storage areas in
12
THIRD PLACE
LANGE-ULLRICH + PARTNER,
KARLSRUHE
Due to the bent position of the
elongated structure, the author
attempts a pleasant spatial version
of the Park at the Berlin Museum
with a generously-sized, multipurpose public space at the south
end of the site.
-Competition Jury
SECOND PLACE
RAIMUND ABRAHAM,
NEW YORK
The work is characterized by a
geometric composition of plan
and structure; the concept breaks
the continuity of the city area and
enriches the Kollegienhaus through
a sophisticated, artistic dialogue.
-Competition Jury
FIRST PLACE
DANIEL LIBESKIND, MILAN
Berlin will be reconnected with
its past, which must never be
forgotten. The invisibility is made
visible...Berlins Jewish history and
its content is translated into spatial
sequences and movements. The
building shape is an analogous
expression of the inner design.
A tour through history, with its
fractures and congruences kept
flexible through linear space.
-Competition Jury
13
Daniel Libeskind
Libeskinds Approach
Daniel Libeskind formed three
basic ideas which formed the
foundation for the Jewish Museum
design. First, the impossibility
of understanding the history of
Berlin without understanding the
enormous intellectual, economic,
and cultural contribution made by
its Jewish citizens. Second,
Figure I.7: Massing model for proposal by Daniel Libeskind
14
15
Libeskinds Competition
Entry on Music Paper
16
17
Cultural Context:
Jewish History in Berlin
1300-1663
Jews first arrived in Berlin at some
point in the 13th century. Prior to
this period, German Jews had lived
primarily in southern Germany,
in communities along the Rhine.
But in the 13th century, the Jews
began to migrate to the cities of the
north, to escape the persecution
and expulsions that had become
18
19
20
21
PRESENT TIME
Today, signs of Berlins Jewish
history are everywhere. There are
streets named after such famous
Jews as Moses Mendelsohn,
Baruch Spinoza, Rosa Luxemberg,
Heinrich Heine and Gustave
Mahler. There are numerous
Holocaust memorials throughout
the city. A total of seven
synagogues are in operation
and there are Jewish preschools
and a high school. In 2003, the
first Jewish-oriented college
was opened by New York-based
Touro College. Included in the
many Holocaust Memorials
scattered throughout Berlin are the
Missing House graphic at Grosse
Hamburger Strasse 15/16, which
22
23
I DRAW FROM MY
OWN EXPERIENCE ITS
WHAT I KNOW AND IN
DOING SO, I STRIVE FOR A
UNIVERSALITY.
Daniel Libeskind
Chapter One:
Early Life
BECAUSE OF
WHO I AM, I HAVE
THOUGHT A LOT
ABOUT MATTERS LIKE
TRAUMA AND MEMORY.
NOT THE TRAUMA
OF A SINGULAR
CATASTROPHE THAT
CAN BE OVERCOME
AND HEALED, BUT
A TRAUMA THAT
INVOLVES THE
DESTRUCTION OF
A COMMUNITY AND
ITS REAL YET ALSO
VIRTUAL PRESENCE.1
Daniel Libeskind
28
Cultural Geography
Daniel Libeskind lost most of his
family in the Holocaust; both of his
parents were survivors, but they
were two in not many that did. He
was born in 1946, shortly after the
war ended in Lodz, Poland, just a
few hundred kilometers from Berlin.
29
Timeline of Milestones
1945
1946_Born in Poland
1950
1955
1965
1975
1980
1985
1990
1973-2009_Taught at various univerities, including: Cranbrook Academy of Art, University of
Illinois, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Yale University, Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weiensee,
University of California Los Angeles, University of Pennsylvania
1995
2000
2005
30
2010
31
Chapter Two:
Educational Influences
Cooper Union
Daniel Libeskind received his
Bachelors of Architecture from
Cooper Union School of Architecture
in New York City in 1970, graduating
summa cum laude.1
At Cooper Union, Libeskind was a
very good student. His background
as a great musician gave him a
strong work ethic and he had a
strong creativity and passion for
drawing.
34
Essex University
Daniel Libeskind received his
Masters degree in History and
Theory of Architecture from Essex
University School of Comparative
Studies in Essex, England, in 1971.3
He attended Essex right after he
graduated from Cooper Union.
Here he studied under Joseph
Rykwert and Dalibor Vesely,
and pursued his interest in
phenomenology.
It was right after graduation that
he was hired to work at Peter
Eisenmans New York Institute for
Architecture and Urban Studies. He
quit shortly after and moved on to
teaching at many universities.4
35
Cranbrook
Academy of Art
Daniel Libeskind was the head
of the Architecture program at
Cranbrook Academy of Art in
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, from
1978-1985.5
He has been a professor at several
universities, but Cranbrook is
where he stayed the longest. It is
the only time he was the head of
the department. He used his time
here to think. It was here that he
did most of his theoretical drawings
and work.
36
Professorships
2009 Gensler Visiting Critic at
Cornell University in NY
2007 Professor at Leuphana
University in Germany
2005 Professor at University of
St.Gallen in Switzerland
2003 Frank O.Gehry Chair at
University of Toronto in Canada
19992003 Professor at Hochschule
fr Gestaltung in Germany
19992003 Paul Cret Chair of
Architecture at University of
Pennsylvania in PA
1999 First Louis Kahn Chair
Visiting Professor at Yale School of
Architecture in CT
1997 Professor at Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology in
Switzerland
19951996 Visiting Professor at
University of Technology in Austria
19931995 Professor at
Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weiensee
in Germany
37
AN ARCHITECTURAL
DRAWING IS AS MUCH A
PROSPECTIVE UNFOLDING
OF FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
AS IT IS A RECOVERY OF
A
TO
PARTICULAR
WHOSE
HISTORY
INTENTIONS
IT
CHALLENGES.
Daniel Libeskind
ALWAYS
Chapter Three:
Deconstructivism
40
Micromegas: The
Architecture of Endspace
[1979]
Daniel Libeskinds Micromegas,
named after a short story by
Voltaire, were a series of twelve
prints. Their extraordinary linework
was not intended purely as a
graphic device but is related to the
concept of time [Figures 3.1-3.4].1
In this work, Libeskind attempts to
denounce drawings relationship to
signage, claiming that it is more of
a form of language through which
a prospective unfolding of future
possibilities can be communicated
than merely a material carrier (or
sign). He writes, a drawing is
more than the shadow of an object,
more than a pile of lines, more
than a resignation to the inertia of
convection.
41
42
Chamber Works:
Architectural Meditations
on the Themes from
Heraclitus [1983]
Chamber Works is set of 28
drawings done by Libeskind while
he was serving as the head of
the Architecture Department at
Cranbrook Academy of Art. They
were inspired by music and the
writings of the ancient Greek
philosopher Heraclitus [Figures
3.5-3.8].3
In a lecture given in 1997, Libeskind
describes this work as a more
exposed investigation of the
ideas of architecture and music
as they intersect in the chamber
of the mind. Stemming from his
musical background, the architect
explained that he had merely left
the performance of music, but not
music in and of itself - that music
was taken through mathematics,
drawing, the arts, and eventually
into the field of architecture. These
drawings intend to further this
interdisciplinary dialogue.
An extension of Micromegas, this
work attempts to further the ability
of drawing to act as a mode for
communication rather than purely
as a set of blueprints. The drawing
style becomes much more fluid in
this set, with an emergence of a
more sketch-like quality over the
previous technical type style.4
Figure 3.8: I-V
43
44
Theatrum Mundi:
Through the Green
Membranes of Space
[1985]
45
46
47
48
49
MoMA: Deconstructivist
Architecture [1988]
50
51
THE SPIRIT OF
ARCHITECTURE WANDERS
WHERE IT WILL.
Daniel Libeskind
Chapter Four:
The Firm + Design Process
54
Design Philosophy
Studio Daniel Libeskind, as
Libeskind himself states, attempts
to break through into the
excitement, adventure, and mystery
of architecture. Daniel Libeskind
chose to go into architecture for
many reasons, but he believes
architecture differs from other
creative careers like art, music, and
language in that it shows its opening
but never knows its end, which
reveals his need for something that
cannot be solved directly.
Libeskinds profound interest in
philosophy, art, literature, and
music; these themes have a deep
influence on his architecture. His
approach to design was what he
calls unorthodox. Ideas can come
from any little thing, a piece of music
55
Firm Structure
56
NINA LIBESKIND
CARLA SWICKERATH
YAMA KARIM
STEFAN BLACH
ERIC SUTHERLAND
DAVID STOCKWELL
ASSOCIATE
SEUNGKI MIN
ASSOCIATE
PRINCIPAL
ARNAULT BIOU
ASSOCIATE
JASON JIMENEZ
ASSOCIATE
PRINCIPAL
JOE ROM
ASSOCIATE
PRINCIPAL
MICHAEL ASHLEY
ASSOCIATE
THIERRY DEBAILLE
57
59
IT
SO
THAT
HAS
WIDELY
IT
HAS
BEEN
ADMIRED
BEEN
OF
Chapter Five:
Iconic Formalism
of Disjunction, or disjointed
formality.
It is interesting to speculate
the role of Heizers project in
its relationship to the entirety
of architectural discourse
during 1968, when the roots
of so called deconstructivist
architects began to take hold
specifically regarding Bernard
Tschumi and the beginnings of
62
63
64
65
66
67
Faade Construction
The construction of the
buildings faade may be one
of the more complex faades
of its time. The zinc cladding
was cold-formed on site and
soldered in place though vertical
paneling utilizing a standing
seam joint. Rheinzink, a now
prominent faade and roof
consulting company, launched
their career from their work on
this project. In most cases, as
the faade is punctured, the
zinc panels actually stick up
past the penetrations in order
to preserve the flat and sleek
nature of the buildings exterior,
as well as to create a shadow
line and reinforce the severity of
the sliced windows.
68
69
Faade Distortion
70
71
THE
JEWISH
CONSTITUTE
72
Chapter Six:
Narrative, Poetics, + Experience
73
74
75
The Kollegienhaus
The journey through the Jewish
Museum Berlin begins in the
Kollegienhaus [Figure 6.1],
the Baroque building next to
Libeskinds extension, and
former Prussian courthouse
designed by Philip Gerlach in
1735.1
World War II took a heavy
toll on this district of Berlin
through aerial bombing, which
destroyed many of the historical
buildings around the site. The
Kollegienhaus itself was heavily
damaged, with only the exterior
walls left standing following
the war, and was rebuilt in
the 1960s to house the Berlin
Museum, established around
that same time [Figure 6.14].2
The context of the site was very
much a part of the architects
overall design concept, as well
as the way in which it factored
into progression through the
building.
Libeskind does not connect the
courthouse to his extension at least visually above grade
[Figure 6.13]. The building
serves as the entrance to
the museum, as it was the
original museum before the
extension, and there is no way
to enter the museum through
Libeskinds form. The upper
floor of the Kollegienhaus is
Figure 6.13: The museum extension and the Kollegienhaus do not touch above grade
76
77
78
Figure 6.17: The stairs lead the visitor underground, where their journey begins
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
Museum Progression +
Program
86
Figure 6.25: Exhibits now fill the museum and blocking windows
Figure 6.28: The original white walls are now painted for various exhibits
Figure 6.29: Windows on the Third Level allow more natural light for administrative offices
87
88
Figure 6.32: Bridges and gun slits allow visitors to look into the interior voids that cannot be physically occupied
89
Program Arrangement
Circulation
CIRCULATION
Exhibition
Space
EXHIBITION
Void
VOID
Administrative
Space
ADMINISTRATIVE
Library
LIBRARY
Mechanical
Space
AUXILIARY
90
91
Jewish Museum
Launches Career of
Daniel Libeskind
The Jewish Museum in Berlin,
completed in 1999, jump-started
the career of Daniel Libeskind.
With this project he conceived a
conceptual and physical Daniel
Libeskind style; a new brand of
architecture. All of his successive
works carry the same architectural
strands of distorted iconic form,
sliced linear windows, and the
poetic narrative of experience,
through a conceptual framework
based on the line. The most
notable projects are the Ground
Zero Master Plan in New York
(2003), the Extension to the Denver
Art Museum (2006), the Royal
Ontario Museum (2007), and the
Contemporary Jewish Museum in
San Francisco (2008). Libeskind
has established himself within a
niche of architecture that holds
strong cultural and emotional
influences. The buildings are
memorials which transcend their
programmatic functional value.
His poetic metaphors conceive
architectural iconic form that is a
conduit for meaningful experiences.
GROUND ZERO MASTER PLAN
I SHAPED GROUND ZERO WITH
A MASTER PLAN THAT IS BASED
ON MEMORY AND IMBUED WITH
THE SPIRIT OF LIBERTY.
Daniel Libeskind
Figure A.1: Royal Ontario Museum
94
95
NOTES
FIGURES
5.15, 5.16 Libeskind, D., R.C. Levene, and F.M. Cecilia. Daniel Libeskind, 1987-1996. El Croquis, 1996.
5.17 http://www.tschumi.com/projects/13/
5.18 http://www.flickr.com/photos/marzellluz/4029984256/sizes/z/in/photostream/
5.19 http://archimetes.wordpress.com/category/berlin/
Chapter Six: Narrative, Poetics, + Experience
6.0 Title Image http://www.flickr.com/photos/brancolina/6021269441/
6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12 Andenmatten, Walsh, Wisniewski
6.13 http://www.flickr.com/photos/_spoutnik/5159648000/
6.14 http://www.flickr.com/photos/benittes/4505804727/
6.15 http://www.flickr.com/photos/lshu/2071936651/
6.16 http://www.jewishjournal.com/community/article/holocaust_museums_la_and_the_rest_of_the_
world_20101006/
6.17 http://www.flickr.com/photos/piposieske/424012969/
6.18 http://daniel-libeskind.com/projects/jewish-museum-berlin/images
6.19 http://www.flickr.com/photos/drazr/5623072036/
6.20 http://mimoa.eu/projects/Germany/Berlin/Jewish%20Museum%20Berlin
6.21 http://blog.adamlee.com.au/2011_02_01_archive.html
6.22 http://magdalenamolinari.blogspot.com/
6.23 http://infocast.nl/blog/tag/berlin
6.24 http://cosker.wordpress.com/
6.25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Exhibit-view-Jewish-_Museum-Berlin.JPG
6.26 http://www.flickr.com/photos/klaasfotocollectie/4884439007/
6.27 http://europein90.wordpress.com/author/europeandanielle/
6.28 http://www.flickr.com/photos/aabinsay/2769859066/
6.29 http://www.flickr.com/photos/26513945@N02/4804236609/
6.30 http://wikidi.com/view/jewish-museum-berlin
6.31 http://www.flickr.com/photos/55009213@N00/13776819/
6.32 http://www.flickr.com/photos/brancolina/6016745139/in/faves-livinginacity/
6.33, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.37 Andenmatten, Walsh, Wisniewski
FIGURES cont.
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