Professional Documents
Culture Documents
/Compulsory).
Course Duration: Three hours per week for 15 weeks
As taught in 2010/2011 session
LECTURERS:
1
Prof. OGUNNIYI,D.S.
Ph.D (Loughborough),MSc., B.Sc, MNSChE, MCSN, FICCON, MNSE, Reg. Engr (COREN)
E-mail: dsogunniyi@unilorin.edu.ng
Office Location: Rm 5, First Floor,Department of Chemical Engineering Building.
Consultation Hours:
2
OGUNLEYE,Oladipupo Olaosebikan
E-mail: ooogunleye@yahoo.com
Office Location: Rm 5, Ground Floor,Department of Chemical Engineering Building
Consultation Hours: 11.00-1.00pm Mondays and Wednesdays.
Developer: Dr OGUNLEYE,Oladipupo Olaosebikan
Course Content:
Introduction and concepts on the mechanism of heat flow. Steady state conduction in one
direction. Steady state conduction multiple direction. Heat transfer to fluids without phase
change.
Heat transfer to fluids with phase change. Radiation heat transfer. Heat transfer
Course Description:
Production or absorbtion of energy in the form of heat transfer are carried out in almost
all chemical processes.This heat transfer may take the form of conduction,convection or
radiation.The course is intended to teach the laws governing these various forms of heat transfer,
their applications in chemical process engineering, the types of apparatus involved in heat
transfer, maintenance and control.
Course Justification:
In the majority of chemical processes, heat is either
given out or absorbed, and fluids must often be either
heated or cooled in a wide range of plant, such as
furnaces, evaporators, distillation units, dryers, and
reaction vessels where one of the major problems is
that of transferring heat at the desired rate. It may also
be necessary to prevent the loss of heat from a hot
vessel or pipe system. The control of the flow of heat
at the desired rate forms one of the most important
demands on a Chemical Engineer especially in the
present world where cost of energy is sky rocketing.
An in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of heat
transfer will be of great advantage in devising ways
of minimizing energy losses of various forms and
thereby reduce the cost of operation.
Course Objectives:
The objective of this course as an integral part for the award of B. Eng. Chemical
Engineering
underlying the principles of heat transfer in chemical processes. It is also aimed at introducing
the unit operations available for heat transfer processes.
Course Requirements:
This is a compulsory course for all students studying Engineering In view of this, students
are expected to participate in all the course activities and have minimum of 75% attendance
to be able to write the final examination.
Methods of grading:
No
1.
2.
3.
Item
Assignment/ Quiz / Monthly Test
Mid Semester Test
Examination
Total
Score %
10
20
70
100
LECTURES
Week 1-2 : Introduction and Concepts on the Mechanism of Heat
Flow
Objective: The students should be able to describe various modes of heat transfer, other basic
terminologies and considerations during heat transfer processses
Description: The course outline will be introduced with emphasis on the objectives and delivery
strategies, explanation of the principles of conduction, convection and radiations.
Individual and overall coefficients of heat transfer. Mean temperature difference
Study Question:
1. Describe the term heat transfer?
2. Explain the three basic mechanism of heat transfer?
3. Briefly explain the following terms: (i) Conduction (ii) Convection (iii) Radiation
4. Distinguish between natural and forced convection.
5. A heat exchanger is required to cool 20 kg/s of water from 360 K to 340 K by means of 25
kg/s water entering at 300 K. If the overall coefficient of heat transfer is constant at 2
kW/m2K, calculate the surface area required in (a) a countercurrent concentric tube
exchanger, and (b) a co-current flow concentric tube exchanger.
Reading List:
1 McCabe1,W. L., Smith,J.C. & Harriott, P.(1993). Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering. Fifth Edition. McGraw Hill Co. Singapore. (pp.285-288 ). ISBN 0-07112738-0
2 Coulson4, J.M., Richardson, J.F., Backhurst,J.R. & Harker, J.H. (2001). Chemical
Engineering Volume 1, Sixth Edition, Butterworth Heinmann Inc. Oxford. (pp381-386).
ISBN 0 7506 4444 3
3 Kern4, D.Q.(1965). Process Heat Transfer. International Edition. McGraw Hill Co.
Singapore. (pp.1-5).ISBN 0-07-085353-3
Week 3 - 5:
Objective:
Description: Steady state conduction: Conduction through a plane wall ,Thermal resistances in
series, Conduction through a thick-walled tube, Conduction through a spherical
shell and to a particle. Unsteady state conduction. Student will also be assessed on
the topics covered so far through a short Quiz.
Study Question:
1. Estimate the heat loss per square metre of surface through a brick wall 0.5 m thick when
the inner surface is at 400 K and the outside surface is at 300 K. The thermal conductivity
of the brick may be taken as 0.7 W/mK.
2. Derive the equation for steady state heat transfer through a spherical shell of inner radius
r1 and outer radius r2.Arrange the result for easy comparison with the sultion for a thickwalled sylinder.
3. A tube 60mm(2.36in.) OD is insulated with 50mm(1.97in.) layer of silica foam,for which
the conductivity is 0.055W/m.0C (0.032Btu/ft-h-0F),followed with a 40mm(1.57 in.)
layer of cork with conductivity of 0.05W/m. 0C (0.03Btu/ft-h-0F). If the temperature of the
outer surface of the pipe is 1500C (3020F) and the temperature of the outer surface of the
cork is 300C (860F), calculate the heat loss in watts per meter of pipe.
4. A cooling coil, consisting of a single length of tubing through which
water is circulated, is provided in a reaction vessel, the contents of
which are kept uniformly at 360 K by means of a stirrer. The inlet and
outlet temperatures of the cooling water are 280 K and 320 K
respectively. What would be the outlet water temperature if the length
of the cooling coil were increased by 5 times? Assume the overall heat
transfer coefficient to be constant over the length of the tube and
independent of the water temperature.
5 A furnace is constructed with 0.20 m of firebrick, 0.10 m of insulating brick, and 0.20 m
of building brick. The inside temperature is 1200 K and the outside temperature is 330 K.
If the thermal conductivities are as shown in Figure below, estimate the heat loss per unit
area and the temperature at the junction of the firebrick and the insulating brick.
Reading List:
1 McCabe1,W. L., Smith,J.C. & Harriott, P.(1993). Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering. Fifth Edition. McGraw Hill Co. Singapore.(pp.289-305).ISBN 0-07112738-0
2 Coulson4, J.M. ,Richardson, J.F., Backhurst,J.R. & Harker, J.H. (2001). Chemical
Engineering Volume 1, Sixth Edition, Butterworth Heinmann Inc. Oxford. (pp 387
-414). ISBN 0 7506 4444 3
3
4
Coulson4, J.M. ,Richardson, J.F., Backhurst,J.R. & Harker, J.H. (2001). Chemical
Engineering Volume 3, Sixth Edition, Butterworth Heinmann Inc. Oxford.(pp 125216 ). ISBN 0 7506 44950 X
Kern4, D.Q.(1965). Process Heat Transfer. International Edition. McGraw Hill Co.
Singapore. (pp.6-24). ISBN 0-07-085353-3
Week 5 - 8:
Objective:
square pitch with 6 mm clearance.If the baffle spacing is 0.25 m (19 baffles), what will be
the pressure drop over the tube bundle? (=0.5mNs/m2).
Reading List:
1 McCabe1,W. L., Smith,J.C. & Harriott, P.(1993). Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering. Fifth Edition. McGraw Hill Co. Singapore. (pp 309 -396).ISBN 0-07112738-0
2 Coulson4, J.M. ,Richardson, J.F., Backhurst,J.R. & Harker, J.H. (2001). Chemical
Engineering Volume 1, Sixth Edition, Butterworth Heinmann Inc. Oxford.(pp 414 -437).
ISBN 0 7506 4444 3
3 Coulson4, J.M. ,Richardson, J.F., Backhurst,J.R. & Harker, J.H. (2001). Chemical
Engineering Volume 3, Sixth Edition, Butterworth Heinmann Inc. Oxford.(pp 125 -216 ).
ISBN 0 7506 44950 X
4 Kern4, D.Q.(1965). Process Heat Transfer. International Edition. McGraw Hill Co.
Singapore. (pp 25-61).ISBN 0-07-085353-3
Week 9 - 11:
Heat Transfer by Radiation.
Objectives: Students should have an understanding of the mechanism of heat transfer by
convection
Description: Concept of radiation, radiation from a black body, radiation from real surfaces,
radiation transfer between black surfaces, radiation transfer between grey surfaces,
radiation from gases. Student will also be assessed on the topics covered so far
through a short Quiz.
Study Question:
1. Distinguish between a black body and a grey surface.
2. What is the temperature of a surface coated with carbon black if the emissive power at a
wavelength of 1.0 x 10~6 m is 1.0 x 109 W/m3? How would this be affected by a +2 per
cent error in the emissive power measurement?
3 A flat-bottomed cylindrical vessel, 2 m in diameter, containing boiling water at 373 K, is
mounted on a cylindrical section of insulating material, 1 m deep and 2 m ID at the base of
which is a radiant heater, also 2 m in diameter, with a surface temperature of 1500 K. If the
vessel base and the heater surfaces may be regarded as black bodies and conduction though
the insulation is negligible, what is the rate of radiant heat transfer to the vessel? How
would this be affected if the insulation were removed so that the system was open to the
surroundings at 290 K?
4
Calculate the radiant heat loss from a furnace through a 2 in diameter peep door when
inside temperature is 17500F and the outside temperature is 70 0F.Consider the emission due
to a black body.
5
Air leaves a heat exchanger at about 3000C and 1.5atm, and the temperature is measured
using a thermocouple inside a 0.5in. diameter thermowell mounted normal to the air
flow.If the gas velocity is 25ft/s and the pipe wall temperature is 2700C,what error in
temperature measurement does radiation cause? (Ignore conduction along the axis of the
thermowell)
Reading List:
Kern4, D.Q.(1965). Process Heat Transfer. International Edition. McGraw Hill Co.
Singapore. (pp 102 -174).ISBN 0-07-085353-3