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Contents
I.
I.
FORM:...........................................................................................................................3
II.
Time Expressions:..........................................................................................................4
III.
PRONUNCIATION:......................................................................................................4
IV.
PRACTICE:...................................................................................................................5
II.
I.
PRACTICE:...................................................................................................................5
III.
I.
Definition.......................................................................................................................6
II.
III.
FORM:...........................................................................................................................7
IV.
USE:...............................................................................................................................8
V.
EXERCISES:...............................................................................................................10
IV.
Important:....................................................................................................................13
VI.
VII.
Adverb Placement:.......................................................................................................13
V.
REFERENCE (4)...........................................................................................................14
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
Page 1
Time expressions:
You often use these time expression with present perfect:
For Since
Always
Never
yet
Recently
Just
Already
GRAMMAR
Always and never to talk about the whole of your life until now.
For and since to talk about part of your life until now.
Recently and just to talk about the short time ago.
Ive just seen Sopheak. If you hurry you can go with her.
Yet to talk about something that you expect to happen.
Have you finished your homework? No, Ive started it yet.
Already to talk about something that happened sooner the expect.
Hes already seen this film.
Ever in question means at any time in your life.
Have you ever had Thai food?
2014-2015
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I.
FORM:
Example
Positive
S +Have/Has +Past
Participle
Negative
Sentences
Question
Have/Has +S + Past
Participle
II.
Time Expressions:
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
Page 3
Note: some time expression can go in more than one position. Already can also go at
the end of the sentences. I have written essay already. Recently can also go in mid
position in positive sentences. Weve have recently seen her. It can go in mid position
in negative sentences. We havent recently seen her.
III.
PRONUNCIATION:
You usually stress the adverb in mid position and at the end of the sentence.
IV.
PRACTICE:
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
Page 4
I.
PRACTICE:
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
Page 5
Definition:
A verb construction (made up of has been or have been plus the present participle) that
emphasizes the ongoing nature of an action that began in the past and continues in the present.
(The decision to use has been or have been is determined by agreement with the subject.)
The present perfect progressive tense usually conveys the meaning of recently or lately. The
action reported by the present perfect progressive may or may not have been completed.
The present perfect progressive (continuous) is use for an action, which began sometime in
the past and it is still going on at the presence in the moment.
See Examples and Observations below. Also see:
Aspect
Present Perfect
Progressive Aspect
Present Progressive
II.
Try to understand how hard he has been trying to make everything better for his family.
(Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun, 1959)
I have been painting with a palette knife because I don't like to wash the brushes.
(Flannery O'Connor, summer 1953. The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor,
1979)
I have been waiting. I have been searching. I am a man under the moon, walking the
streets of earth until dawn. There's got to be someone for me."
(Henry Rollins, Solipsist, 1998)
The ocean has been singing to me, and the song is that of our life together."
(Nicholas Sparks, Message in a Bottle, 1999)
[Even Jerry] Garcia might have been surprised by how many scholars have been
studying the cultural furniture in the Grateful Dead outback."
(Nicholas G. Meriwether, Studying the Dead. Scarecrow, 2013)
My friends and I are a little worried because Stacey hasn't been feeling too great lately.
But she seems to be coping."
(Ann M. Martin, The Baby-Sitters Club: Poor Mallory. Scholastic, 2014)
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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Plural
We have been walking
You have been walking
They have been walking
Singular
I have been sleeping
You have been sleeping
He/she/it has been sleeping
Plural
We have been sleeping
You have been sleeping
They have been sleeping
Singular
Plural
There is no present perfect progressive for the "to be" verb. "Have been being" is expressed
simply as "have been": "We have been being successful in the past."
III.
FORM:
1. The Form of Present Perfect Progressive (Continue) has or have + been + verbing
(Present Participle).
Subject
I / You / We / They
rest of sentence
for three hour
He / She / It
IV.
USE:
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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In general, use the present perfect simple when the action started in the past and is
relevant to the present.
Ex: This is the third time Ive written to you. (I wrote twice in the past and now I am writing
again in the present.)
If its an action that started in the past and that same action is still happening now, use the
present perfect progressive.
Ex: I have been meeting for you since 8 am.
Some actions can be expressed in either tense, especially those that started in the past and
still occur in the present on a habitual basis.
Ex: I have lived in this house for 20 years. / I have been living in this house for 20 years.
Both sentences are correct.
I have > Ive Ive been thinking about you since you called.
2.
He has > Hes / She has > Shes / It has > Its Hes been singing for two hours.
3.
We have > Weve / You have > Youve / They are > Theyve Weve been helping her
out for a few months.
You may have noticed that the 3rd person singular (he, she, it) contractions look like those in
the present progressive. You can tell them apart by the use of been and from the context of the
sentence: he is > Hes eating now. / he has > Hes been eating for two hours.
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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Subject
Axillary verb
Been verbing
Rest of sentence
I / We / You / They
been lying
to you
He / She / It
been sleeping
1.
2.
3.
4.
The sales team hasnt been performing at the top of their game.
He has not been paying attention!
Subject
I/you/we/ they
he / she / it
he / she / it
Been + Verbing
Been working
been earning
been helping
1.
2.
Rest of Sentence
Since this morning
since this morning
you clean the house
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words
are what, where, when, why, which, who, how, how many, how much.
To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add have or has, then the subject (a person
or thing that has been doing the action), followed by been and the ing (present participle) form of
the verb, and only then add the rest of the sentence.
Wh-Word
Auxiliary Verb
Subject
Been+ verbing
What
Why
have
has
I/you/we/ they
he/she/it
Been doing
Been copying
1.
2.
Why has the phone been ringing for the last two hours?
3.
V.
Rest
Sentence
Lately
Documents
day
of
all
EXERCISES:
Ive been gardening for three hours. (garden) My back is killing me!
2.
Tony has been listening to the news non-stop since the conflict began. (listen)
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The students ______ plans for the school party for several weeks. (make)
5.
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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6.
_________ Tim _______ that book since January? (not read) Im waiting to borrow it.
7.
The project manager ________ us to finish the work since Tuesday. (push)
8.
9.
10.
Jenny ________ customer deadlines since she arrived here. (not meet.) The boss may fire
her.
Answers:
1. has been staying
2. have/been barking
3. havent been following
4. have been making
5. hasnt been dancing
6. Hasnt/been reading
7. has been pushing
8. Have/been watching
9. Ive been traveling
10. has not been meeting
I have been living in this house for 40 years. (I started living in it 40 years ago and I am
still living in it today.
2.
I have been climbing up this mountain for over two hours. (I started climbing up it two
hours ago and at this moment Im still climbing.)
3.
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tony has been listening to the news ever since the conflict began.
2. Negative:
1.
2.
3.
The sales team hasnt been performing at the top of their game.
4.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Why has the phone been ringing for the last two hours?
GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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Past
Present
Future
We use the present perfect progressive to show that something started in the past and has
continued up until now For five minutes For two week and Since Tuesday are all
duration which are can be used with the present perfect progressive.
Example:
They have been talking for the last hour.
She has been working at that company for three years.
What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
Yamin has been teaching at the university since June.
We have been waiting here for over two hour.
Why has Nancy not been talking her medicine for the last three day?
Past
Present
Future
You can also use the preset perfect continuous without a duration such as Without the
duration; the tense has a more general meaning of We after use the words Lately or
Recently to emphasize meaning.
Example:
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
She has been watching too much television lately.
Have you been exercising lately?
Yamin has been feeling a little depressed.
Lisa has not been practicing her English.
What have you been doing?
VI.
Important
Remember that the present perfect progressive has the meaning of Lately or
Recently If you use the present perfect progressive in a question such as Have you been
feeling alright? it can suggest that the person look sick or Unhealthy. A question such as Have
you been smoking? Can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using the tense in a
question suggest you can see, smell, hear, or feel the result of the action. It is possible to result
someone by using this tense on currently.
2014-2015
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GRAMMAR
2014-2015
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