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1 + tan2 x 2 tan x
1 + (sec2 x 1) 2 tan x,
sec2 x 2 tan x
multiply out
use 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x
Example Prove the identity sin2 x cos3 x = (sin2 x sin4 x)(cos x).
sin2 x cos3 x
=
=
=
=
cot v 1
1 tan v
=
.
cot v + 1
1 + tan v
1
tan v 1
1
tan v + 1
1
tan v
1
tan v +
1
tan v
1
tan v +
1
1
tan v
tan v
1 tan v
1 + tan v
Page 1 of 3
(tan2 t)(tan2 t + 1)
2
factor tan2 x
=
=
1 cos x
sin x
=
=
=
=
1 cos x
sin x
=
.
sin x
1 + cos x
1
cos x
+
sin x
sin x
csc x + cot x
Yuck! Try something else
1 cos x
1
sin x
1 cos x
1 + cos x
put the 1 + cos x in the denominator
sin x
1 + cos x
(1 cos x)(1 + cos x)
sin x(1 + cos x)
(1 cos2 x)
use cos2 x + sin2 x = 1
sin x(1 + cos x)
sin2 x
,
sin x(1 + cos x)
sin x
1 + cos x
=
=
Example Is
sin(2x)
= sin x an identity?
2
0
=0
2
0
Note that this doesnt prove we have an identity! Try a different value of x, since something special might be happening
at x = 0. Lets try x = /2
sin(2(/2))
=
2
sin(/2) =
sin()
0
= =0
2
2
1
Since the two are not equal at x = /2, this is not an identity.
Page 2 of 3
sin2 y
sin2 y
convert to all sines and cosines
cos2 y
1
(sin2 y)
1
factor
cos2 y
1
cos2 y
(sin2 y)
tan2 y sin2 y
=
=
=
=
=
1 + cos t
2(1 + cos t)
sin t
+
=
.
1 cos t
sin t
sin t
sin t
sin t
1 + cos t 1 cos t
=
+
1 cos t sin t
sin t
1 cos t
sin2 t
(1 + cos t)(1 cos t)
+
(1 cos t)(sin t)
sin t(1 cos t)
sin2 t
1 cos2 t
+
(1 cos t)(sin t) (1 cos t)(sin t)
=
=
=
=
=
sin2 t + 1 cos2 t
look at final form: get all cosines in numerator
(1 cos t)(sin t)
1 cos2 t + 1 cos2 t
use cos2 t + sin2 t = 1
(1 cos t)(sin t)
2(1 cos2 t)
use difference squares a2 b2 = (a + b)(a b)
(1 cos t)(sin t)
2
(1
cos
t)(1 + cos t)
(1
cos t)(sin t)
2(1 + cos t)
sin t
Page 3 of 3