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ASSIGNMENT/COURSEWORK PROFORMA

Module code:

Assessment title:

Module leader:

ME5545

Mechanical Ventilation

Prof M Kolokotroni

Main objectives of the assessment:

To understand the basic principles of energy efficient mechanical ventilation systems, be able
to carry out design of mechanical ventilation system components and be able to consider the
impact of regulations on ventilation design.
Brief Description of the assessment:

This assignment is in three parts;


the first part is about the principles of energy efficiency mechanical ventilation and is
based on the questions and problems of the mechanical ventilation part of the notes.
Its purpose is to ensure that the material has been understood and you are able to
locate and answer the questions in full. Therefore, this part can be seen as an open
book examination and should not take more than 2hrs, once the material is studied.
40% of marks (a more detailed breakdown is given in the assignment brief).
the second part is about building regulations and how these affect the design of
ventilation systems. The report will be based on building regulations in England that
have recently changed (effective from April 2014). 20% of marks.
the third part is about the design of ventilation system components. It is based on the
material and problems of the fluid services part of the notes 40% (a more detailed
breakdown is given in the assignment brief).
Learning outcomes for the assessment (refer to
the appropriate module learning outcomes)

Assessment and marking criteria

The students will be required to:


Submit an assignment answering the
questions given in the brief.

Understand Energy Efficient Mechanical


Ventilation systems in buildings
Understand how assessment of building
ventilation can be carried out in operational
buildings
Design of mechanical ventilation
components
Evaluate the implications of ventilation
strategies in buildings
Evaluate the implications of building
regulations in the design of ventilation
systems

1. Part A - mechanical ventilation 40%,


each question is weighted 4%.
2. Part B - impact of regulations 20%
3. Part C design of mechanical
ventilation systems 40%.

Assessment method by which a student can demonstrate the learning


outcomes:

Weighting:

Assignment following instructions in the brief (attached).

50% of module

Format of the assessment/coursework: (Guidelines on the expected format and length of


submission):

Assignment in the form of answers to questions given in three parts

ASSESSMENT DATE(S)/SUBMISSION DEADLINE(S)


Deadline for submission is 12 March 2015. The assignment should be submitted to Postgraduate
Programmes Office, Michael Sterling Building, Ground Floor.

ASSIGNMENT BRIEF: Mechanical Ventilation and Assessment of Ventilation.


Part A: Mechanical Ventilation (all questions are weighted to 4% of the total mark)
1. Dust is generated in the room with a rate of 35 mg/h. The dust concentration of outdoor
air is 0.15 mg/m3. Calculate the concentration in the room with supply air flow of 100
m3/h and outdoor air flow of 15 m3/h and a filter with efficiency of 70% in outdoor air
flow and a filter with efficiency 90% in re-circulation air flow.
[4%]
2. Explain why ventilation is required in domestic buildings even when they are not
occupied.
[4%]
3. A bedroom has dimensions of 3.8mx4.2mx2.8m. Two adults sleep in the bedroom. The
CO2 generation of a sleeping person is 30 L/h. The target for maximum CO2concentration in the bedroom is 1800 ppm (parts per million). Outdoor air concentration
of CO2 is 360 ppm. Calculate the required ventilation rate in L/s and air changes per hour
(ACH) and briefly comment on the result.
[4%]
4. Calculate the CO2 concentration in the bedroom of the previous problem (Question 3) in
the morning (after 8 hours of two adults sleeping in the bedroom). Assume that the door
and windows are tightly closed and ventilation is only due to leakage of the building
envelope resulting to 0.1 air changes per hour (ACH) at normal pressure. Briefly
comment on the result.
[4%]
5. A room with a floor area of 50 m2 is heated and cooled with air. The requirement for
ventilation is 2 L/s,m2, the heating load is 50 W/m2 and cooling load is 75 W/m2. No
condensation.
(a) Which requirement would define the supply air flow and how much is that? Outdoor
design temperature is 10 C for heating and +35 C for cooling. Design indoor room
temperature is 21 C for heating and 25 C for cooling. No air-recirculation of air is
used.
(b) How much cooling capacity might be saved in the example given in (a) if the
difference between supply air required for heating and/or cooling and supply air
required for ventilation is provided by re-circulated air? Comment briefly on whether
such saving would be achievable in practice.
[4%]
6. Following from the results of Question 5, briefly explain the advantages of chilled beam
system in terms of ventilation energy efficiency
[4%]
7. Briefly explain why current standards classify extract air of a mechanical ventilation
system in different categories.
[4%]

8. Static pressure in a duct is 600 Pa. Calculate the air flow from a hole with a diameter of 3
mm when 60% of static pressure is converted into dynamic pressure in the hole and 40%
is dissipated in losses. Calculate the cost of energy resulting from the leaking air from the
hole during a year if the pressure difference in the fan is 850 Pa (70% efficiency) and the
mean temperature difference between outdoor air and leaking air is 21 C. Cost of
electricity is 0.15 /kWh and heat 0.06 /kWh. Comment briefly on the results.
[4%]
9. Some of the building occupants are complaining of draughts. What would be a suitable
instrument to confirm whether this is justified?
[4%]
10. List the possible reasons why a wall-mounted temperature sensor (part of the building
management system) might indicate a different temperature to a screened temperature
sensor in the centre of the occupied space.
[4%]

Part B: Compare building regulations and comment on how they would influence the
design of a ventilation system.
For this part of the assignment you are asked to review Part L and Part F of building
regulations in England and Wales and comment on how they might influence the design of a
ventilation system. Some new Building Regulations (Part L Conservation of fuel and
power) were introduced in November 2013 and came into effect on 6 April 2014. These can
be found in
http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations/approveddocuments/
Within the same web address, previous editions of the regulations can be found. In addition,
explanatory reports can be found.
A selection of Part F and L of the building regulations and some explanatory reports are
included in BBL, just in case there is a problem of you accessing the above website.
Building Regulations classify building into two categories dwellings (or domestic) and
buildings other than dwellings (or non-domestic). Choose one of the categories (ie either
domestic or non-domestic) for your report and consider the following question:

how the building airtightness regulations have impacted on the design of the
ventilation system?

Your answer should be in the form of a 2-page summary of the changes and their impact
using appropriate references to support your findings.
Although this question seems to be focussing on UK regulations, it explores changes that
have happened with air-tightness standards in many countries with cold climates. It is
emerging that such changes also affect buildings in hot climates where build-up of internal
moisture could be a problem and heat gains can be further controlled via improved air
permeability of the external envelope of the building.

Part C: Design of ventilation system

1.

A ventilation system with circular section ductwork is shown in Figure 1 on the next
page. Size each section of duct using the equal pressure drop method. Note that this
ventilation system should be treated as a low velocity system.
[15%]

2.

A variable speed fan is used to supply the air for the ventilation system. The
characteristics for the fan, in terms of total pressure, for a speed of 1000 r.p.m., are
given in Table 1 below.
(i)

Calculate the speed at which the fan should operate in order to deliver
the required volume flow rates.
[15 %]

(ii)

Calculate the power required by the fan.


[5 %]

3.

List any assumptions made during your calculations. Is there any action you would
take to improve the design of this system?
[5%]
Table 1. Fan Characteristics at 1000 r.p.m.
(Pa)
(Total fan pressure)

(%)
(Fan efficiency)

0.5

110

40

1.0

115

60

1.5

115

75

2.0

107

82

2.5

95

82

3.0

75

75

3.5

55

62

4.0

35

40

Static Pressure Drop for silencers 1 and 2


Face Velocity
m/s
Pressure Drop
(Pa)

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

5.0

12

Figure 1. Diagram of ventilation system (not to scale)


0.3 m3/s
0.3 m3/s

0.3 m3/s

(3)
1m
(1)
FAN
(F)

(A)
1m

1m
SILENCER
1
15m

1m
SILENCER
2

Equivalent Lengths

1m

1m

(B)
2m

2m

(2)

(C)

2m

(D)

2m

1m

0.4 m3/s
2m

(E)

(4)

0.4 m3/s
3m
(5)
1m

1.5
m

1.5
m

1m
2m

2m
(G)

(H)

2m

(7)

1m

11m
1m

3m
1.5
m

Density of air = 1.225 kg/m

(6)
0.4 m3/s

0.4 m3/s

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