TRIALS OF OZ

the philosophy of Oz was a contradiction in terms involves

sarcasm as the magazine has no philosophy as it isnt a threat; AKA, a
pithy statement to simplify the case and highlight moral dilemmas in
media, in a sarcastic tone that elicits a visceral response and engages a
persons sense of humour
Use of cast, stage hand and script represents the court room of a
theatre which discredits the court as theatres are stereotypically
pretentious and false
I knew all about the law but nothing about justice is a pun which
emphasises the complicated process that is justice. Geoffrey Robertson is
commenting that he knows about the law but not how justice is handed
down by application of the law.
Where are we the Soviet Union? use of a rhetorical question to
emphasise how appalled Geoffrey Robertson is about the conservative
system that is administering justice
If during the trial he regarded evidence as irrelevant he would
put his pen down with a clatter is an extended metaphor
emphasising the conservative, prejudiced and old fashioned values of
Judge Argyle. It shows how the judge uses his status to influence the jury
in their handing down of a verdict. This shows how the judge influences
others by his subjective views.
o The ritual dance of the Lordships pen is a metaphor
supporting point above
Set the moral standard is said by Leary and described by Robertson
as a seductive invitation. Leary is the person representing the
adversarial system who is supposed to be protecting the public but his
case results in an exaggeration of the facts
A device that Robertson uses is selective inclusion. Through the use of
selective inclusion, Robertson positions the reader to view the judge as a
biased and old fashioned man. Robertson states sarcastically that the
judge stated "we just don't do this sort of thing sarcastically"
A device Robertson uses is rhetorical questions. An example of this is
seen when Robertson states after the defendants were sent to jail "I
could not believe it. Where were we - the Soviet Union?" By doing
this it leaves the reader questioning if this sentence was fair or unjust
Young vs. conservative
Although he gives voice to both the judge and himself, he
selectively chooses the evidence in which he wishes to display
pg. 33: Er, Im sorry, I thought he was well known:
almost mocking the judges tone, who has a lack of modern
education, and who doesnt seem to care about bias opinion,
author doesnt agree with judge

issue of freedom of speech and morality

The extended metaphor of the stage hand defence portrays the idea
it is a performance rather than a fight for justice- insight of how Robertson
feels about the legal system
describes the magazine as a put down coffee table magazine,
labelling it as insubstantial and lightweight

as a matter of law, obscenity requires

some glamorisations, titillation or
other inducement
cunnilingus as cunnilinctus
Pardon me but is Hair and article?

we just dont do this sort of thing in

Birmingham

A huge quantity of public time and

money has been spent in the eager
pursuit of what? A schoolboy prank.

where were we the Soviet Union?

They are comparatively poor men,

therefore a fine is inappropriate
(judges should never decide that
prison is the only alternative because
a person too poor to pay a fine)

Use of sophisticated This knowledge in itse

language
his authority on these
power in the midst of
dialogue
Robertson has added
dialogue although it g
actual trial in order to
It characterises Argyle
conservative and Rob
his opinion on how he
and he speaks for the
expression
Mocking tone
Robertson uses the ch
to place himself in a m
one to be respected m
His manipulative lang
to relate to him more
Rhetorical question The replied rhetorical
that is answered
accept the answer tha
Robertsons opinion o
prank suggests to th
is being pedantic over
As above
This connotes ideas o
regimes where freedo
oppressed.
-Mocking the judgeme
Use of Brackets as
We follow Robertsons
an aside to the
perspective as the rig
audience showing
an incompetent fool. H
Robertsons own
Judges statement pre
views
being more superior.

MICHAEL X ON DEATH ROW

In Michael X on Death Row Robertson uses conflicting perspectives to
validate his humanitarian-cum-democratic agenda.
From the outset, Robertson demonstrates conflicting perspectives
between his personal beliefs and the viewpoint of society.
o The direct speech of the taxi driver, Im in favour of abolishing
the death penalty reveals Robertsons perspective
o However, Robertson ironically undermines the build-up as the taxi
driver states, as soon as they hang Michael X to reveal
Robertsons perspective is out of kilter with popular opinion.
o This scene is testament to the highly emotional David-versusGoliath scenario Robertson tends to create, self-fashioning himself
as the humble, outspoken underdog who desires the best for society.
o Whilst Robertson embeds the chapter with the conservative,
traditional, legal and political justifications for capital punishment;
Robertson dismisses these perspectives, taking instead an ethical
line of argument to justify why capital punishment should be
abolished.
o Robertson uses ghoulish imagery of the execution process: the
body twists to and fro and breaking of the cervical
vertebrae to confront the audience and develop sympathy for the
prisoners
o Robertsons vignette of Michael X with fear and pleading in his
eyes leads Robertson and his audience to conclude that Michael
has changed and is not the same man who brutally murder
Joe Skerritt

MICHAEL X FORMS AND TECHNIQUES

Form essay, non-fiction
Robertsons perspective he is against the harsh treatment of prisoners on
death row

Metaphors
o Michael X became the cancer that the good people of
Trinidad wanted to cut out of their society. powerful and
emotional metaphor intensifies societys views on the murderer
Graphic Detailing
o There are times when the neck has been broken and the
prisoner strangles to death. His eyes pop almost out of his
head, his tongue swells and protrudes of his mouth, his neck
may be broken and the rope many times takes large
proportions of skin and flesh from the side of the face that
the noose is on. He urinates, he defecates and droppings
fall to the floor while witnesses look on A prison guard

stands at the feet of the hanged person and holds the body
steady, because during the first few minutes there is usually
considerable struggling in an effort to breathe. graphic
imagery makes us want to sympathize, makes us feel revolted at
the treatment of the prisoners
o indecent and inhumane
o Slash the wrists and tendons of the feet
Recurring motif animal/bestial imagery dehumanises these individuals
o I was taken to visit him in the way that one might be taken
by a zookeeper to see the rarest specimen in the money
house.
o As I leant against the wire of his cage
o Fingers scratching through the wire of the concrete-floored
cages, screeching and shouting
Imagery positions us to sympathise with Michael X
o Michael alone was quiet and self-contained: close-shaven,
wiry, light-skinned, he looked nothing like the black-power
revolutionary with face twisted in bitter defiance, a
stereotype he has originated for the benefit of the media in
Britain. demonstrates Robertsons own perspective and point of
view
Emotive Language
o You see for them you represent hope. Their only hope.
Thats why they are holding onto every word you say, even
though they dont understand them. But they know if you do
this case for me, it will help them. Thats why you should do
it, not for me but for them. They will hang me, whatever
happens. Michael X, being selfless gives Michael a voice and
makes the audience feel sympathetic for him
o Robertson calls him Michael which personalises it, makes him seem
like just another person
Selective inclusion positions us to view the governments actions as
unfair
o treatment by the State which irretrievably violates them.
o prolonged stay on death row amounted to cruel and
unusual treatment
o Impoverished lawyer describes himself so that the audience
feels pity
o Convicted of killing one of his dwindling band of followers
this makes the victim seem unimportant, that the crime was not
worth the death penalty
o Michael gave the media what they wanted; he played the
uppity nigger with a soul of ice this again positions us through
his deliberate representation of the character, this shows that there
is more to his than the media portrays and that they were in a
society which judged him based on the media representation.

Juxtaposition
o Used to establish a positive characterisation for Michael selfcontained and clean
Sibilance and torture imagery
o Fingers scratchingscreeching and shouting

INSIGHTS INTO HUMAN NATURE

Shows how people try to portray/display themselves as meritorious by

discrediting other views
o Diana in the Dock most private gym in London, like
working out in a shop window ridicules Dianas claim
o (whose decision to bomb Cambodia counts for many as a
crime against humanity) in reference to doctor Kissinger, and
gave Diana a humanitarian prize, uses this phrase in brackets to
basically debunk the prize and its authenticity
o used the diseased and the dying as visual props to make
herself look better than she was is unsympathetic, and
manipulates others to make herself look more morally perfect
o obtaining injunctions and orders of every kind against
Taylor, freezing his assets and effectively ruining him as a
humanitarian figure, he is portraying her as irrational and using her
royal privileges to manipulate the common man
Moral and ethical standards are set by accepted values dominant in our
society. Events and situations add to ones understanding of how various
individuals may have conflicting perspectives.
o Robertsons essay Romans in Britain Whitehouse argues that in
a community of ethical people, general audiences do not need to be
exposed to behaviours that are crude. The modality of her language
shows strong opposition to acts that she perceived as obscene.
Robertson opposed this due to his attitude to Whitehouses outdated understanding of social values.
There is a characterisation of her as mother and grandmother to
present her maternal instincts. Doesnt want her children exposed to
obscenity.
Obsession with celebrity figures
o Diana in the Dock: Voyeurism, Obsessive behaviour, living vicariously
through others
o Living through the lives of others
o Privacy

o Characterises her as trivial and silly

Exercising on a contraption called a leg-press- sounds
flippant
Greed
o Diana in the Dock: Mr Taylor's desire for money
o Characterises Diana as a figure that is using her power to destroy
others- self-motivated
o She asked the court to shape the common law as to shelter
her- self-interested
o Anti-royalist views Linked to corruption of society
o Corruption makes motivations self-centred and lowers moral standards
Power
o Diana in the Dock: Diana using her power to crush the gym man (Mr
Bruce Taylor)
o Positions Bruce Taylor (gym manager who had taken the photos) as
the victim
Impoverished Mr Taylor
Diana acted against him freezing his assets and
effectively ruining him- trying to get us to sympathise
with him
Passive and active- Diana is the doer
Divide between celebrity and citizen, rich and poor
o Diana in the Dock: Diana attempting to break down barrier by using
public gym
Back fires --> she ends up gaining more publicity

o Attacks her choice of gym- she brought this on herself

The least private gym in London
It was like working out in a shop window- simile
The impact of religion on beliefs- he doesnt like it, and doesnt like that
people impose their moral standings on others, particularly if they are
anachronistic
o Romans in Britain: Characterises Mary Whitehouse:
o Presented as an old woman- she is a woman of seventy-one,
mother and grandmother- conservative values
o She declared herself horrified- erratic and ill-informed
What determines an individual's moral standing?
o What a comment on the days in which we live!
o Tone of moral indignation
o Contrasts this by saying that this was what the play was really
about- it was heavy-handed in moral out-rage- she is the one
who is not moral
He doesnt believe that her religion is the reason for her opposing the
play- uses religious language to show he knows what hes talking about

o Mary then divined that a private prosecution was what

the Lord would have me do
o Rapturously, she confided to the diary she immediately
published

Broadening understanding of worldviews

Worldviews explored in the text:

Death penalty
Censorship
Privacy

1 Broaden your understanding of world views

- 2 perspectives give us a broader understanding of how people see
things such as beliefs & perceptions
2 Multitudes of worldviews are explored in the text. Robertson is very skilled
at positioning his worldview as more valid and correct and he actively
dismisses opposing perspectives.
Death penalty: Michael X on Death Row
Theme

Example

That the death penalty is bad and a

violation of human rights. It should
be outlawed- this is a very clear
worldview that Robertson believes
and his view is very clear throughout
the text.

The use of very strong and emotive

language. The way he describes
bodily fluid staining the while
gown dehumanizes the victim. He
make the reader feel sorry for the
prisoner.

That no matter what someone does

this type of punishment is not
acceptable.

Robertson manipulates the reader to

take this worldview into perspective
by using very emotive language to
evoke feelings when discussing how
he is going to be executed but
alternatively very un-emotive
language when discussing the actions
Michael X did to land him in such a
position.

Privacy: Dianna in the Dock

Theme

Example

The idea that Diannas privacy was

being violated was only minimally
explored during the text. There was
little evidence or talk for he
worldview that Dianna was not
asking for this publicity.

But none of this made up for

the original violation, the shock
and sense of powerlessness that
plaintiff had suffered.

Robertson made his view very clear

that Dianna was doing this as a
publicity stunt and that she wanted
the attention. She only got angry
over this misuse of the media when
it did not show her in a positive light.

But Dianna wanted privacy only

when it suited her.

DIVERSITY AND DIFFERENCE

Dianna and the Dock- Does privacy matter?
The way in which the media represents Princess Dianna is completely
different from the way that Geoffrey Robertson portrays Dianna. The
Difference in the way that Dianna is portrayed is that in the opening
explanation of the chapter Geoffrey Robertson speaks badly of her
compared to the way that the media speaks about her or even the way in
which she would talk about herself. Robertson portrays Dianna as trivial
and silly they were spread over seven paged of her exercising on
a contraption called a leg press
The pictures that were put in the magazine represent Princess Diana to be
calm and confident however the difference is that Geoffrey Robertson
doesnt portray her to be like that
Diana is positioned as a self-motivated/ interested woman. Diana didnt
want negative publicity and the difference here is that the media will
portray her as negatively and as badly as possible. Dianna only wants the
good publicity.
The sight if her image in a gloating tabloid caused such a deep humiliation
and a sense of violation that she determined to do something that has no
direct precedents in British law. To obtain the damages for the invasion for
their privacy. She asked the court to shape the common law so as
to shelter her from the vary world of tabloid eaters and paparazzi
which had become an essential feature of her life and in due course of her
death.
Robertson also attacks Dianas choice of gym the least private gym in
London the difference is that she feels that she can go wherever she
wants to exercise however the gym owner thinks that she shouldnt
exercise in the public eye

 Robertson also has a different opinion to Princess Diana, Roberson feels

that Dianna should not have exercised in the public gym, he doesnt
understand why if she has her own gym at home why should she exercise
in the public gym. He describes the leg press machine that Diana uses
was in front of a vast glass wall looking onto a public
thoroughfare: it was like working out in a shop window
The trials of Oz
the banner of the alternative
society

conspired to publish
conspiracy to corrupt public
morals

write on but you had

finished the interview? Not WR-I-T-E, my lord but R-I-G-H-T
on. Its a revolutionary
expression
lavatory drawing

Changing times, the 70s was

a time where very different
opinions and sub-societies
were emerging
Misunderstanding of
intentions between the
generations and sub-societies
The younger generations
have less harmful and
thought through intentions,
but are being accused by the
older generations of
conspiring, when they only
intend to entertain
Changing times. Different
expressions and jargon for
different generations and subsocieties.
Write/right homophone
Different perspectives on the
court case.
The case against the Oz
magazine is generally older
and sees the article as
immoral and a conspiracy.
The defence is younger and
defends the article as a
simple drawing for
entertainment. And Leary who
calls the article a lavatory
drawing leaves the impression
that the court case is
unnecessary and childish.

DIANA IN THE DOCK

Robertsons tone becomes judgemental towards Diana, exemplified

through his claim that Diana wanted privacy only when it suited
her. This powerful sentence was very much in line with what many really
through of Diana, that she courted the media and so deserved it.
Diana had made a Faustian bargain with the media, referring to the
story of Faust who sells his soul to the devil; hence in this case, the media
is symbolic to the devil.

DIANA IN THE DOCK FORMS AND TECHNIQUES

Technique: Sarcastic and hyperbolic tone

o least private gym in London
o the gym is criss-crossed by catwalks
o it was like working out in a shop window
o Effect: These quotes devalue Dianas claim for the need for privacy
when he writes of the public nature of the gym that she attends. . Her
choice to work out in such an open and public place can be seen to
devalues her claim for privacy. He is subtlety yet firmly making fun of
her case; because he opposes her claim for privacy when she does not
desire privacy in some aspects of her life.
Technique: Position Dianas Character to be seen a certain way
o could the justice game be won and without damage to
herself?
But Diana wanted privacy only when it suited herself
using the diseased an dying as visual props to make herself
look better than she was
at her request she was pictured hugging dying black AIDS
babies
o Effect: This alters the audiences opinion on Diana through attacking
her character and intentions of her actions; shedding a negative light
on Diana. Confronting views of her misusing her charity work by
twisting the nature of her intentions to make her seem self-involved
creates a negative view on her character as a duplicitous attentionseeker
Technique: Power play
o obtaining injunctions and orders of every kind against
Taylor, freezing his assets and effectively ruining him
offered to give Diana all his rights and profits in the
photographs if only she would call off the lawyers
o Effect: As a humanitarian figure, he is portraying her as irrational and
abusing her royal power
Technique: Redefining privacy (public figures = public property)
o Diana wanted privacy only when it suited her
A Faustian Bargain
I was in favour of privacy laws but opposed to monarchy

o Effect: Encourages audiences to see Diana as contradicting her own

actions, bringing the very definition of privacy to question, showing the
double standards of privacy (public figure)
Nature of language - for privacy (Title: mentions Privacy. = primary
concern.)
o During this chapter: Not much internal discussion between those
involved. Robertson is juggling the conflicting perspectives. Just
expressing his views. About conflict of Robertson's point of view, him
dealing with these points of view in his mind. (Unlike Oz) Strong
language: "gloating tabloid", "deep humiliation", "sense of
violation
o Purpose: "to obtain damages for the invasion of her privacy".
"She asked the court to shape the common law so as to shelter
her from the very world of tabloid editors and paparazzi which
has become an essential feature of her life"
Technique: Strong/high modality language
o Example: "gloating tabloid", "deep humiliation", "sense of
violation", "victim of a dirty trick"
o Effect: Shows that he is deeply conflicted with privacy vs public
interest. The aforementioned high position as QC also influences the
audience in that is someone with such high standing and knowledge in
the subject has such strong views against celebrities losing their
privacy as a consequence of fame.
Technique: Rhetorical question
o Example: "but could she, and if so should she, sue?"
o Meaning: Highlights his internal conflict. Also highlights the
conflict/shades of grey that exists between morality and legality. Just
because it is immoral, does that mean that Diana has the right to sue?
In addition, whether it was sensible for someone like Diana to exercise
the claim on privacy.
Technique: Sarcasm
o Example: "She could have much more conveniently used the
gym at Buckingham Palace" They gymnasium, from Ancient
Greece onwards, has been a public arena that was the very
reason Diana would leave Kensington Palace, drive for up to an
hour, two or three times a week, to his everyday place full of
nondescript people, to chat them up and light them up.
o Meaning: Discredits Diana and questions whether her claim is real or
not. Thus the audience also questions her.

DEVICES IN THE AFTERWORD

"I'd rather be a barrister on a miner's pay than a miner on a

barrister's pay"

Through persuading the reader to believe that Robertson is in his job

for the right reasons we are positioned to like Robertson as a person an
therefore more easily accept his perspective
"professional people have no cares whatever happens, they get
theirs"
o
Selective inclusion of Ogden Nash's quote positions us to reject the
opinions of professional people which Robertson is also but then as in
the previous quote positions us to separate Robertson from this group
"the first rule is don't play unless you have to"
o
Cumulative listing of the rules of the justice game positions us to
believe that Robertson's perspective is one that resembles the one of
the public positioning us to more easily accepting his perspective
"they hated me for it"
o
Robertson describes how he often was a part of unpopular cases
and low profile ones positioning us to believe that his aim is not for
publicity and money but for the right reasons. To offer everyone an
equal and fair chance, which is something that the public values.
"justice is not treated as the deadly serious game that it is, to be
played by rules"
o
Robertson by rejecting the corruption in the justice system positions
the audience to believe that he has a subjective and fair opinion
thereby more easily accepting it.
"He thumped the table and declared that justice is not a game"
o
Using the word thump places emphasis on the point, mocking chief
justice peter Taylor therefore positioning us to reject his opinion and
accepting his own. (Robertson often includes others opinions but then
mocks them in order to dismiss their opinions)
"if liberty means anything at all it means the right to tell people
what they do not want to hear said George Orwell"
o
the use of intersexual references to communicate Robertson's
perspective results in the reader more easily accepting his perspective
since other well respected people have the same perspective.
o

OBJECTIVITY

Within Geoffrey Robertsons texts, he employs selective literary devices are

used for his own self-serving agenda His aim is to win the case, therefore the
truth is always subjective.

These techniques and representations ultimately shape our perspective.

 Robertson uses the text to show the audience his perspective in order to
promote Justice. (Robertsons view of Justice) - Justice is a relative concept
through the cases represented in the text Robertson is able to demonstrate
his perspective and representations to promote what he believes is the
truth, justice and what is right.

Trials of Oz
Geoffrey Robertson through his texts appears to be objective as he includes the
perception of both sides however; he does this through selective inclusion.

Act of Representation: This means that the composer has selected

evidence, selectively, It is not a verbatim account of the truth, but a
representation of the truth, Robertson is an astute legal man, argument
is his game
He selectively includes Judge Argyles misunderstanding of right on!
and mispronouncing of cunnilingus to position the reader to view him
as out-dated; an old conservative man who is out of touch with modern
society it also shows that Argyles context causes bias and is
influential in the case
He includes the psych report to support Robertsons view they (the
defendants) are of high intelligence polite courteous.
There are aspects of society that appal them and they edited
Oz to show the urgent need for reform the inclusion of this
shows a third party, objective perspective which accentuates
Robertsons ideas.

Diana in the Dock-Does privacy matter?

I might have preferred to act for the Princess

o Mocking the monarchy for his advantage
Could the justice game be won convincingly and without damage
to herself?
o This is juxtaposed with (quote one trial of oz) as justice is used
within a different context which heightens Robertson has a clear
understanding of what justice means. This challenges audiences
and puts forward he carefully selects his word choice in favour to
promote his view upon the trial rather than compensating for all.

The Show Trials

But when such people are charged with criminal offences they
usually qualify for legal aid/ in which case there is no shortage of
barristers anxious to defend the
o Conflicts with Michael X

o 2 situations: only act for someone to get paid (work for money: GR
had a need to fight for rights)
o Purpose: wants to look like the underdog.
o Robertson comments on the innate corruption of human beings
'the law, after all, is a discipline which trains and controls those
who apply it. When conventional principles become part of the
law, they will be reflected in the attitudes of the law's disciples.
o It means that the law becomes very conservative and impose their
morality on that society Modernised classification of the law
o Romans in Britain/trials of Oz (criticises the judges from being too
old and date)
o Biblical reference 'disciples' --> people become followers of the old
conservative way of thinking

The Romans in Britain

Language is witty and sarcastic and there is a tone of amusement. GR uses
this to allow for the audience to think that the trial is ludicrous is nature and
thus think him not bias towards the case
Emphasises that Mary Whitehouse had not in fact seen the play
Upon discovering that Whitehouses representative, Ross-Cornes, sat 90
yards away from the stage, GR planted seeds of doubt into his mind, that
the witness might not have seen the tip, and in actual fact, there was no
buggery.
- Do you can you- swear on oath to his Lordship and to the jury
that you are certain you saw the tip of a penis from a distance
of ninety yards from the stage?
When asked about the legal costs of the trial after she lost, she answers
God will provide. GR selectively includes this to position us to
characterize Whitehouse as an old, conservative, religious woman who has
not appreciation for current values and context, further positioning us to
agree that the case is amusing and ridiculous. His mocking tone devalues
MWs religious beliefs
Selectively includes public support, shows readers that the public shares his
views on the trial and that it is not subjective
- this time sir, were on your side-Policewoman

SUBJECTIVITY
Chapter
The Trials of
Oz

Evidence
Then, after the "guilty"
verdicts are read out, we are
told that the judge said
"With the relief of a man
making a bowel movement
after weeks of constipation,

Analysis
The word guilty being in
quotation marks suggests that
being wrongly accused. Ugly
imagery to humiliate him

"Gaoler, take them down!

Subjective opinion demoralises

Learys ability sweeping it off
as a passing comment

in cross examining experts

on artistic merit, sarcasm will
get you everywhere

Painting a picture of a horrific

and non-seductive piece of
literature.

Oz 28 was one of the least

seductive pieces of literature
every published
confession which he never
made would be recorded in
police notebooks

Assuming indecent actions.

Placing everyone in the same

boat to feel better about it.

more or less everyone

committed perjury
Michael X on given the choice, I would
Death Row
prefer five years on death row
to five years of death but no
state should offer the choice
to men it has, one day,
decided to kill
I was taken to visit him in
the way that one might be
taken by a zoo-keeper to see
the rarest specimen in a
monkey house
if you wish to teach the
people to reverence human
life, you must first show that
you reverence it yourselves
What happened next is the
subject of several books, none
of them convincing because
they mainly rely on witnesses
who incriminated Michael de
Freitas in order to save their
own necks.

He clearly states his opinion

here to give us insight to the
nature of death row and its
punishment.

Positioning us to feel
empathetic towards the
criminal.

Robertson offers anothers

perspective on the death
penalty that agrees with his
view.
Again tries to make us feel
sympathy for Michael and
stating that relying on
witnesses is in just. Makes the
reader doubt the justice
system.

The Romans
in Britain

"Mary then divined that a

private prosecution was 'what
the lord would have me do'"
"she confided to the diary she
immediately published"
a play she had not seen in a
theatre she had never
attended"
no doubt she was praying in
the corridor (in fact her new
QC advised her to pray and
stay at home)"
Mary for once in her life
avoided the press"

The prisoner
of Venda

she became less and less

relevant as the thatcher
government she supported
encouraged sexual
profiteering undermining
white house"
the comic opera side of
Venda was immediately
apparent
apartheid had made South
Africa a pariah state,
condemned for injustice at
commonwealth conferences
by African governments
whose own legal systems
were far less than just
the Lutherans were brutally
treated in detention but
they were gentle church men
with no wish for revenge

Here he positions us to be
against the godly
characteristics of Marys
personality.
His tone is degrading towards
her, and he positions us to see
her in a childish manner.
He is presenting the facts to
persuade us
Degrading her (and her religion)
to get the reader on his side

positions us to view her as

weak and a sore loser
he is stating that a reader
should disregard her comments
and it is irrelevant

Stating is fake ness as

everything is over dramatized
He forces his own opinion on
the reader in terms of the
government.

We are manipulated to show

sympathy towards the
Lutherans because they are
gentle church men

Show trials

the most wicked lawyer of

the century

Immediately creates response

-wicked

sarcasm will get you

everywhere

Personal opinion

this is not a theatre its a

court
they knew the importance of
free speech, because they
had lived without it for so
long

The judge is then seen as over

dramatic
We feel sorry for those who
were in a position of
entrapment
The use torture to get the
information they want

psychological pressure to
extract confessions
Diana in the
dock

but Diana wanted privacy

only when it suited her"
yet there is no law at all to
protect personal privacy"
Why is privacy a value which
calls for protection under
every human rights treaty
ever devised?"
We are inclined to perceive
loss of privacy for being rich
and famous"
These are examples for a
privacy which requires
protection by reason of our
humanity."
Faustian bargain she had
made with the media"
very few wish to go through
an ordeal in the courtroom
which invades their privacy all
over again"

He depicts her as bringing it

upon herself

The use of the word yet

forced the reader to expect a
law to protect privacy
He questions the importance of
us treating her any different to
an ordinary person
We want to know the personal
lives of those who seem to be
living the high life
We are positioned to feel like it
is our right that our privacy is
protected

He personifies her in a way

that makes us see her in the
wrong

Here he suggests that whilst

using the diseased and the

dying as visual props to make
herself look better than she
was"
"the two questions must be
separated: whether the law
can be made to provide
recompense for infringement
of privacy came first but the
second - whether it was
sensible for someone like
Diana to exercise the
assumed right - dependant on
a very different calculation"

she was seen as helping those

in need, she was only doing it
to make herself look better
We are manipulated to believe
that it is her own fault that her
privacy is invaded