Aethina tumida

AETHINA TUMIDA

, Aethina tumida Murray

Apis mellifera,
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Aethina
tumida.

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(Lundie 1940; Schmolke, 1974; Hepburn and Radloff, 1998; Neumann and Elzen, 2004; Ellis and
Hepburn, 2006).
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(Neumann et al., 2001; Ellis et al., 2004).
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Aethina tumida.

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2002 Aethina tumida
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(Benecke, 2003; White, 2004).
(Mostafa and Williams, 2000)
(Neumann and Elzen, 2004),
Aethina tumida (
3,42% ) (El Niweiri et al., 2008)
(Hassan and Neumann, 2008).

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 Aethina tumida

5,7 mm
3,2 mm (Ellis et al., 2002) ( 2)
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2004). 1/3
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2. . (University of Georgia, United States).

3.
(Washington State Beekeepers Association ).

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 Aethina tumida

(Ellis, 2004) ,
. Aethina tumida ,
1000 (Schmolke,1974) 2000
(Somerville, 2003).
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1,4 mm 0,26 mm .

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4 : . (University of Georgia, United States).

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(Somerville, 2003).
Aethina tumida
13,3 , 3 .

5 6 (Eischen et al., 1999).
1 cm 19:00 22:00.
21:00 (Lundie, 1940).

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(Ellis, 2004).

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(University of Florida, United States).

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92 98 % (Ellis, 2004). ,

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Aethina tumida
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(Lundie, 1940) 19 (Schmolke, 1974).
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Aethina tumida
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(Elzen et al., 2001a) 20.000 (Somerville, 2003; Westervelt et al.,
2001).

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2002 2003,
120 1000 (Gillespie et al., 2003).
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Aethina tumida
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 Aethina tumida

9 10 : Aethina tumida
. ( 9 : Pest and Diseases Image Library, Budwood.
10 : M. Schafer)

. Aethina tumida
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( 11 12)

11 : Aethina tumida.
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24 . (University of Georgia, United States ).

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 Aethina tumida
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70%
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Aethina
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Aethina tumida.

Aspergillus flavus A. niger
.
Aethina tumida Clonostachys rosea, Gliocladium
catenulatum Mucor plumbeus.

- 12 -

 Aethina tumida

Solenopsis invicta
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(Hood. 1999).


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GardStar
(40% permethrin) ( 13), 1999
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, Aethina tumida. GardStar

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13 : Gardstar. (Honeybee Encyclopedia)

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 Aethina tumida

14 :

(www.beecare.com/DiseasesMedications/Medications.htm&1)

Permex (500mg/L) Premise

(500mg/L)
(Pettis and
Shimanuki, 2000).

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Aethina
tumida.

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 Aethina tumida
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50m ( 15, 16).

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(Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation).

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 Aethina tumida
tau-fluvalinate ( Apistan),
flumethrin ( Bayvarol), coumaphos ( Check Mite+).
(10% coumaphos)
(10cm x 10cm)
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(Ellis, 2004; Hood, 2000).

17, 18.
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(Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation).

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PDCB ()
Para Moth.
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2003,
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 Aethina tumida

(Phostoxin)
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(Fumitoxin Nufarm Ltd.)
5 .

(6 x 2.4 x 2.4 m)
(3) 2.

15C
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7
100%.

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 Aethina tumida
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West beetle trap, PCTM .
PCTM ( 19, 20)
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19, 20 : PCTM. (www.wasba.org/SHB.pdf)

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( 21, 22).

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 Aethina tumida

21 : od Trap. (Hood)

22 : od Trap . (Jennifer Berry).

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Canola oil, ( 23)
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Canadian oil low acid.
(http://www.ptccom.com.ph/products/canola%20harvest%20canola%20oil%20946.jpg)

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 Aethina tumida
(West beetle trap)
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44).

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(https://www.dadant.com/catalog/images/M01540.jpg)

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- 22 -

 Aethina tumida

25 : 4 .

(http://beekeeperlinda.blogspot.com/2007/04/full-on-attack-against-small-hive.html)

26 :
(http://beekeeperlinda.blogspot.com/2007/04/full-on-attack-against-small-hive.html)

27 : ( )
(http://beekeeperlinda.blogspot.com/2007/04/full-on-attack-against-small-hive.html)

28.
(http://beekeeperlinda.blogspot.com/2007/04/full-on-attack-against-small-hive.html)

(Beetle Eater Trap, Harbourage, Apiburg, Beetltra)

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Benecke F.S., (2003) Commercial Beekeeping In Australia. A report for the rural industries
research and development corporation. RIRDC Publication No 03/037. RIRDC, Barton,
ACT, Australia.

De Guzman L., Rinderer T., Frake A., Tubbs H., Elzen P., Westervelt D. (2006) Some
observations on the Small Hive Beetle Aethina tumida Murray in Russian Honey Bee
Colonies. American Bee Journal, 146 (7) : 618 620

Dixon D., Lafreniere R., (2002) The small hive beetle in Manitoba. Manitoba Beekeeper,
Fall 2002

Eischen F., Westervel T., Randall C., (1999) Does the small hive beetle have alternate food
sources? Bee Culture 139 (2) : 129.

El Niweiri M., El Sarrag M., Neumann P., (2008) Filling the Sudan gap: the northernmost
natural distribution limit of small hive beetles. Journal of Apicultural Research 47 (3) : 184
185.

Ellis J., Delaplane K., Hood W., (2002) Small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) weight,
gross biometry and sex proportion at three locations in the Southeastern United States.
American Bee Journal 142 (7) : 520 522.

Ellis J., Neumann P., Hepburn H., Elzen P., (2002a) Reproductive success and longevity of
adult small hive beetles (Aethina tumida Murray, Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) fed different
natural diets. Journal of Economic Entomology 95 (5) : 902 907.

Ellis J., Hepburn H., Ellis A., Elzen P. (2003) Social encapsulation of the small hive beetle
(Aethina tumida Murray) by European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Insect Soc., 50 (3) :
286 291.

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 Aethina tumida

Ellis J., (2004) The ecology and control of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida Murray), PhD
dissertation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa : 385 pp.

Ellis, J.; Hepburn H.,; Elzen P. (2004) Confinement of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida)
by Cape honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis). Apidologie, 35 (4) : 389 396.

Ellis, J.; Hepburn, H. (2006) An ecological digest of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) a
symbiont in honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera). Insectes Sociaux 53 : 8 19.

Elzen P., Baxter J., Westervelt D., Randall C., Cutts L., Wilson W., Eishen F., Delaplane K.,
Hopkins D., (1999) Status of the small hive beetle in the U.S. Bee Culture 127 (1) : 28 29.

Elzen P., Baxter J., Neumann P., Solbrig A., Pirk C., Hepburn H., Westervelt D., Randall C.
(2001) Behaviour of African and European subspecies of Apis mellifera towards the small
hive beetle, Aethina tumida. J. Apic. Res., 40 (1) : 40 41.

Elzen P., Baxter J., Neumann P., Solbrig A., Park C., Hepbern H., Westervelt D., (2001a)
Behaviour of an African and western honey bee subspecies towards the small hive beetle,
Aethina tumida. Abstracts of the 37th International Apicultural Congress, Durban, South
Africa, pp. 40.

Gillespie P., Staples J., King C., Fletcher M., Dominiak B., (2003) Small hive beetle, Aethina
tumida (Murray) (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) in New South Wales. General of Applied
Entomology 32 : 5 7.

Hassan A., Neumann P., (2008) A survey for the small hive beetle in Egypt. Journal of
Apicultural Research 47 (3) : 186 189.

Hepburn, H; Radloff, S. (1998) Honey bees of Africa. Springer Verlag; Berlin, Germany

Hood W., (1999) Clemson University Entomology Information Series. Clemson, South
Carolina, USA; EIIS/AP-2 (revised); 4pp.

Hood W., (2000) Overview of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, in North America. Bee
World 81(3) : 129 137.

Hood W., (2004) The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida : a review. Bee World 85 : 51 59.

Hood W., (2006) Evaluation of Two Small Hive Beetle Traps in Honey Bee Colonies, 146
(10) : 873 876.

Lundie, A. (1940) The small hive beetle Aethina tumida. Science Bulletin 220, Dep. Agr.
Forestry, Government Printer; Pretoria, South Africa, 30 pp.

Mostafa A., Williams R., (2000) New record of the small hive beetle in Egypt and notes on
its distribution and control. Bee World 83 : 99 108.

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 Aethina tumida

Neumann P., Pirk C., Hepburn H., Solbrig A., Ratnicks F., Elzen P., Baxter J. (2001) Social
encapsulation of beetle parasites by Cape honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.)
Naturwissenschaften, 88 (5) : 214 216.

Neumann P. and Hartel S., (2004) Removal of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) eggs and
larvae by African honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera scutellata). Apidologie, 35 (1) : 31 36.

Neumann, P.; Elzen, P. (2004) The biology of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida,
Coleoptera:Nitidulidate) : Gaps in our knowledge of an invasive species. Apidologie 35 : 229
247.

Pettis J., Shimanuki H., (2000) Observations on the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida
Murray, in the United States. American Bee Journal 140 (2) : 152 155.

Schmolke, M. (1974) A study of Aethina tumida : The small Hive Beetle. Project Report;
University of Rhodesia. 178 pp.

Somerville, D. (2003) Small hive beetle in the USA. A report for the Rural Industries
Research & Development Corporation, Pub. No. 03/050 : 57

Waite R., Brown M., (2003) The Small Hive Beetle. Bee craft, January : 4 5.

Wenning C., (2001) Spread and Threat of the Small Hive Beetle. American Bee Journal
141(9) : 640 643.

Westervelt D., Causey D., Neumann P., Ellis J., Hepburn R., (2001) Grease patties worsen
small hive beetle infestations. American Bee Journal 141 (11) : 775

White B., (2003) Small hive beetle update. Australian Beekeeper. May 2003, No. 11.

White B. (2004) Small hive beetle (Notes), Apiacta 38, 295 301.

www.beecare.com/DiseasesMedications/Medications.htm&1

http://www.ptccom.com.ph/ products/canola%20harvest%20canola%20oil%20946.jpg

https://www.dadant.com/catalog/images/M01540.jpg

http:// beekeeperlinda.blogspot.com/2007/04/full-on-attack-against-small-hive.html

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