Introduction of VoLTE

Introduction to the
VoLTE Solution
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reference
VoLTE Product Documentation
Page1
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to

understand:
VoLTE solution basic concepts
VoLTE solution architecture
VoLTE evolution trend
Huawei VoLTE solution products and deployment principles
Page2
Contents
1. VoLTE Solution Basic Concepts
2. VoLTE Network Evolution
3. Huawei VoLTE Solution Architecture
4. Huawei VoLTE Solution Products
Page3
Contents
1.1 Commercial LTE Voice Solutions
1.2 Advantages of VoLTE
1.3 Key Technologies Involved in VoLTE
Page4
Commercial LTE Voice Solutions
Page5
CSFB Definition
The circuit switched fallback (CSFB) service enables calls to fall back to the CS
domain. The LTE network provides only data services. When a voice call is
initiated or answered, it falls back to the CS domain for processing. Therefore,
carriers only need to upgrade the MSC server without deploying the IMS network.
Advantage: Voice services can be provided quickly with little change on the live
network.
Disadvantage: When subscribers use voice services, data services carried on

the LTE network are interrupted, handed over, or suspended, and voice calls
are connected slowly. This affects user experience.
Application scenario:
CSFB is a transition solution before the IMS network deployment.
If the IMS network is not deployed on the visited network, CSFB can provide
voice services for roaming LTE subscribers.
Page6
CSFB Definition (Cont.)

MSC server
MME
SGs
CS
3
EPC
1
2G/3G
Originating side
The MSC server sends a paging request to

the MME over the SGs interface.
The MME forwards the paging request

instructing the UE to fall back to the 2G or
3G network.
The UE falls back to the 2G or 3G network.
The UE sends a paging response to the

MSC server and answers the call based on
the normal terminating flow.
LTE
Fallback
Terminating side
MSC server
MME
CS
EPC
SGs
The UE sends a voice call request to the

MME. The MME then instructs the UE to
fall back to the 2G or 3G network.

The UE falls back to the 2G or 3G network.

The UE initiates a call based on the normal
2G/3G
Fallback
originating flow on the 2G or 3G network.

Page7
LTE
SVLTE Definition
In the simultaneous voice and LTE (SVLTE) solution, dual-mode mobile phones
work on the LTE network and the CS network simultaneously. The LTE network
provides data services, while the CS network provides voice services.
Advantage: SVLTE is a solution for mobile phones without requirements for the
network.
Disadvantage: The cost and power consumption of dual-mode mobile phones are
high.
MSC server
CS
MME
EPC
Voice service
Data service
LTE
2G/3G
Page8
OTT Definition
Over-the-top (OTT) is a solution that uses APPs, such as the Skype, to

provide voice services for LTE subscribers.
Advantage:
Only the OTT server needs to be deployed to the live network and slight change is
required. The OTT can enhance user experience by offering rich multimedia
services.
Disadvantages:
The OTT solution is not carrier-class-based and has low reliability.
The OTT solution cannot provide E2E QoS guarantee.
The OTT solution is hard to provide common services, such as emergency calls
and interception, and services that are used only by regulatory bodies.
Roaming and interconnection are hard to be implemented due to lack of standards.
Page9
Contents
Page10
VoLTE Definition
Voice over long term evolution (VoLTE) is an IMS-based voice solution defined
by 3GPP. By deploying the IMS network, operators not only migrate traditional
voice and short message services on live networks but also integrate voice
services with various enhanced functions to diversify services.
VoLTE advantages
The VoLTE solution inherits all services provided by the CS network, including common
services, such as emergency calls and interception, and services that are used only by
regulatory bodies.
The VoLTE solution can implement E2E QoS control and guarantee voice call quality.
In the VoLTE solution, voice services are carried on IP networks. Therefore, subscribers can
enjoy richer multimedia services through the IMS network, compete with OTT.
Subscriber identities (such as the MSISDN) are reserved, which maximizes carriers' resource
usage and facilitates service profit gain.
The IMS architecture, supported by mature 3GPP standards and specifications, is considered
to be the next generation core network by the communications industry. The IMS architecture
ensures roaming services and network interworking.
Page11
Advantage of VoLTE Better and Faster

Better
communication
quality
Faster
connection rate
Richer
services
Higher
spectral
efficiency
VoLTE can significantly reduce the call establish delay, provide highdefinition audio and video calls, greatly enhance the user experience
Fast connection:
CS call establish duration is around 4-5s

VoLTE is 0.8 -1.5s.
HD video:
VoLTE typical video definition is 480*640

VGA, HD 720P and full HD 1080P is
possibleH.264/H.265
3G typical video definition is 176*144

QCIF
SD and HD video
size compare
Advantage of VoLTE -- HD Voice Quality

Common ear listening range (CD/MP3 range)
HD voice (AMR-WB)
20 50 80
Hz Hz Hz
HD voice:
300
CS
Hz AMR-NB)
3400
Hz
The frequency range of human speech
7000
Hz
Audio
range
12k Hz
20k Hz
(Twice frequency range the AMR-NB)
VoCS voice: AMR-NB 300~3400 Hz, sampling frequency 8kHz, 12.2Kbps

VoLTE HD voice: AMR-WB (G.722.2 ) : 50~7000 Hz, same as the G.711 in PSTN,
sampling frequency 16kHz, 23.85Kbps.
CD music: 20~20K Hz, sampling frequency 44.1K.
Advantage of VoLTE -- QoS

Best effort for OTT services
LTE
Dedicate bearer for VoLTE

QCI Resource
Pri.
Delay
Error rate
service
GBR
150ms
10-6
VoLTE video
Non-GBR
300ms
10-3
OTT video
QCI: QoS class identifier GBR: guaranteed bit rate

Comparison Among CSFB, SVLTE, VoLTE and

OTT
Advantage
Disadvantage
Deployment
Suggestion
Rich multimedia
services.
HD voice/video.
E2E QoS
The IMS network

needs to be deployed.
Large-scale LTE
coverage
Voice services are

implemented by APPs
of OTT carriers.
Slight change is
required on live
networks.
Voice calls are not

reliable.
Roaming and
interworking are hard
to be implemented.
UEs attach to the LTE

network. When a UE
initiates or receives a
call, the UE falls back to
the CS network.
Terminals attach to both
the CS and LTE
networks. The CS
network provides voice
services.
Slight change is
required on live
networks.
New NEs do not need
to be deployed.
The call delay is long.

User experience is
affected.
Initial phase of
the LTE network
(transition
solution)
The live network does

not need to be adjusted.
Costs of mobile
phones are high.
Advantages of the
LTE network cannot
be used.
Initial phase of
the LTE network
(transition
solution)
Solution Feature
VoLTE
OTT
CSFB
SVLTE
The IMS and LTE

networks provide voice
services. The handover
between the LTE
network and 2G/3G
network is supported.
Page15
Contents
Page16
Key Technologies Involved in VoLTE

Voice based on IMS

VoLTE voice services are IMS-based.
SRVCC/eSRVCC
If VoLTE voice services need to be handed over the GSM or

RAN network, SRVCC or eSRVCC is used.
ICS for VoLTE

To ensure that subscribers have consistent user experiences

on the LTE and CS networks, ICS is used.
Page17
IMS-based Voice Services
A default bearer is set up for IMS signaling streams when the UE attaches to the network.
After the UE initiates a call, SIP signaling streams for call connection is transmitted over the
default bearer through the P-GW to the IMS Core.
A dedicated bearer for IMS voice media streams is set up during call connection.
Voice media streams of the calling and called parties are transmitted over the dedicated bearer.
The PCRF assigns and delivers QoS rules for signaling and media streams during the setup of
default and dedicated bearers. This ensures quality of signaling and media streams.
Page18
SRVCC Definition
Single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) is an IMS-based VoLTE.
VCC describes how a voice call can be continued when a UE moves

between the target CS domain and the LTE domain supporting VoIP
services.
SRVCC describes how a voice call can be continued when a Single

Radio UE moves between LTE/Pre-LTE and 2G/3G networks, that is,
when a Single Radio UE switches an call session between IMS/LTE and
CS.
Page19
SRVCC Definition (Cont.)

Calls are set up in the LTE over VoIP / VoIMS.
When a subscriber moves to an area uncovered by the LTE network while holding
a call, the call is switched to the CS domain. SRVCC interprets a switchover
process.
SRVCC solution: The media

handover point is a peer
device. Such as a peer UE.
E2E signaling and bearer are

re-established.
The IMS network sends the

updated media information to
the remote network, and a
session is interrupted around
1s.
Page20
eSRVCC Definition
Target: The handover delay is less than 300 ms
Policy: The remote session update process is optimized. The media handover
point is near to the local side.
Method: Media and signaling

planes are anchored at the
ATCF or ATGW to avoid the
IMS session transfer process.
When an eSRVCC handover is
performed, only the bearer
between the UE and the
ATGW needs to be set up.
The original bearer is reused to

transmit media streams
between the peer device and
the ATGW.
Page21
eSRVCC Vs SRVCC
before
SRVCC
E2E media re-establish
IMS/SBC
eSRVCC
Local media establish
LTE
RAN
G/U
RAN
Remote
side
>
1.5s
IMS/SBC
LTE
RAN
ATCF &
ATGW
G/U
RAN
Remote
side
0s
First eSRVCC testing (Vienna 201210)

LTE to GSM HO time ~ 230ms (Beijing 201404)
after
<
230ms
ICS Definition
IMS centralized services (ICS) describe how services of subscribers who

access the CS domain or IP-CAN using different terminals are managed
on the IMS network in centralized mode.
With the ICS feature, all services are centralized to IMS. Therefore,
subscribers can have consistent user experiences on the LTE and CS
networks.
By deploying an MSC server that supports the ICS feature on a network,

ICS subscribers can use services provided by IMS during the initial phase
of LTE in the following scenarios:
CS subscribers who have subscribed to the ICS feature wish to use IMS
services without changing their numbers.
VoLTE subscribers who roam to or experience an SRVCC handover to a CS

network wish to continue to use the IMS services.
Page23
ICS Definition (Cont.)

ICS Architecture
The ICS solution becomes the

best choice for evolution from
the mobile softswitch to IMS.
The eMSC server functions as
a SIP UA and connects
subscribers to the IMS Core.
MSC server enhancements for
ICS, the MSC server that
supports the ICS feature, is
called mobile access gateway
control function (mAGCF). In
this document, the MSC
server enhancements for ICS
is called eMSC server.
AS
Service layer
AS
AS
Centralized service
trigger point
IMS Core
Access layer
MSC server
mAGCF
xPON
and FBB
MGW
2G/3G
CS subscriber
LTE
LTE subscriber
Page24
Contents
Page25
Contents
3.1 VoLTE Layered Network Architecture
3.2 VoLTE Key NE Functions
3.3 VoLTE Interface and Protocol
Page26
VoLTE Network Architecture
Operation Support Layer and Service

Layer
Operation support layer
Operation support layer

Functions: This layer provides various

functions, such as network management,
subscription data storage, unified operations on
the web portal, charging, and equipment
management.
NEs: DMS, SPG, CCF, and EMS
Service layer
Service layer
Functions: This layer consists of different

application servers and resource servers to
provide services, such as instant messaging,
conferences, games, as well as service
capabilities, such as group and media resource
capabilities.
ATS
(MMtel AS/SCC AS/IPSM-GW/IM-SSF/Anchor
AS)
NEs: ATS and RCS
Page28
Core Layer
Core layer
The core layer is divided into the following

three parts:
IMS domain: NEs in the IMS domain

implement such functions for LTE subscribers
as registration, authentication, session path
control, service trigger, route selection,
resource control, inter-domain interworking, and
access resource control.
CS domain: NEs in the CS domain implement

such functions for LTE subscribers as mobility
management and voice services, including
handovers and CSFB.
SingleSDB: The SingleSDB provides the

functions of the USCDB, HLR, IMS-HSS, SAEHSS, PCRF, DNS/ENUM for centralized
storage of VoLTE subscribers' service data. The
data can be used by the CS, IMS, and EPC
domains.
Page29
Access Layer
Access layer
Access layer
Functions:
The access layer controls LTE subscriber

access and provides mobility management for
LTE subscribers.
When an LTE subscriber is in the LTE

coverage, the subscriber can access an IMS
network through the EPC.
When a subscriber moves out of the LTE

coverage, the subscriber can access an IMS
network through a 2G/3G network using ICS.
If the 2G/3G network does not support ICS, a

subscriber accesses a legacy CS network.
NEs: eMSC server (mAGCF), S-GW, P-GW, and

MME
Page30
Terminal Layer
Terminal layer
Terminal layer
LTE terminals are classified into VoLTE

terminals and non-VoLTE terminals.
VoLTE terminals are those that rely on an

IMS or LTE network to use voice services.
They include Single Radio terminals, LTE
data cards, and CPEs.
Non-VoLTE terminals are those that rely on

a CS network to use voice services and that
connect to an LTE network to use data
services. They include Dual Radio and
CSFB terminals.
Types: Single Radio terminals (SRVCC

terminals), LTE data cards, CPEs, Dual Radio
terminals (SVLTE terminals), and CSFB
terminals
Page31
Contents
3.2 VoLTE Key NE Functions
Page32
NEs at the Operation Support Layer

NE Name Function
SPG
Provides a unified service provisioning interface and the web portal

and sends the service provisioning commands received from the
BSS to the HSS, ENUM, and AS.
CCF
Collects ACR messages from IMS charging NEs, such as the CSCF,
ATS, and MGCF, processes the ARC messages to generate CDRs,
and sends the CDRs to a BC specified by carriers.
EMS
Interworks with the BSS to manage NEs in a centralized manner.
Page33
NEs at the Service Layer

NE Name
Function

Common
telephony
application
server
(ATS)

MMTel AS: provides basic and supplementary multimedia

telephony services.
SCC AS: interworks with the SRVCC IWF and ATCF/ATGW to
provide the eSRVCC function, and provides the T-ADS function
to select a domain for the called party.
IP-SM-GW: provides short message interworking between IMS
and CS domains.
IM-SSF: triggers IN services in the CS domain based on the
subscription information provided by the S-CSCF and the local
configuration on the IM-SSF.
Anchor AS: Routes VoLTE subscribers' calls to the IMS

domain to trigger convergent services by IN-based number
redirection of the anchor AS, when the VoLTE subscribers
originate or receive a call in the CS domain.
RCS AS
Provides the Open Mobile Alliance Instant Message (OMA IM),

Presence, XML document management server (XDMS), and data
synchronization (DS) functions to implement the IM, Presence, and
Network Address Book services.
Page34
NEs at the Service Layer - ATS

The ATS provides
3GPP
MMTel
service
Mobile
special
service
Business
service
TISPAN
PSTN
service
traditional mobile services

and multimedia services.
ATS
(MMTel + SCC AS + IP-SM-GW
+ IM-SSF + anchor AS)
IMS network
MBB
Mobile
terminal
FBB
CPE
Soft
phone
PSTN
SIP
terminal
POTS
POTS
The ATS integrates the functions of the MMTel AS, IM-SSF, SCC AS, Anchor AS,
and IP-SM-GW to reduce the number of attempts to trigger iFC during calls and
realize service resources sharing.
Page35
NEs at the Service Layer - SCC AS

(ATS)
The service centralization and continuity application

server (SCC AS) implements handovers in the IMS
domain and updates the media information about the
remote UE. In details, the SCC AS does the following:
Analyzes information
required by a handover.
Associates handover
requests and anchors
sessions.
Implements handovers
between the LTE
network and the UMTS
network.
eMSC server
(SRVCC IWF)
CS
SCC AS
ISC
IMS Core
EPC
Media connection 1
Call signaling anchor point
LTE
Handover
Calling
connection 1
SCC AS
Calling
connection 2
GERAN
UMTS
Media connection 2
Page36
Called connection 3
Called party
access
NEs at the Service Layer - T-ADS

(SCC AS)
T-ADS
As defined in 3GPP specifications, domain selection by the network is

implemented by the terminating access domain selection (T-ADS).
The T-ADS function is integrated with the SCC AS. The SCC AS queries the
convergent HLR/HSS for the UE type and access domain information and
implements domain selection based on the carrier policies. Based on the TADS information, the SCC AS determines whether the current call is routed to
the IMS or CS network.
Page37
NEs at the Service Layer - IP-SM-GW

(ATS)
The IP short message gateway (IP-SMGW) provides short message

interworking between IMS and CS
domains.
SMS-GMSC/
SMS-IWMSC
CGF/CDF
OCS
Ro
2
Rf
Translates instant messages to short messages.

Sh
E/Gd
IP-SM-GW
HSS
ISC
SMSC
3
Sends short
messages to
UEs.
SME
IMS Core
1
SIP message
UE
After the UE sends a SIP message, the IP-SM-GW converts the instant message
(SIP message) to a text message. When the UE registers with IMS, the IP-SM-GW
downloads the SMSC address to a local directory.
Page38
NEs at the Service Layer - Anchor AS

(ATS)
AS
The anchor AS anchors calls from the

CS network to the IMS network as
follows:
IMS
Anchor AS
CS MSC server
Routes VoLTE subscribers' calls to

the IMS domain to trigger convergent
services by IN-based number
VoLTE subscriber
redirection of the anchor AS, when

the VoLTE subscribers originate or
receive a call in the CS domain.
IMS
Anchor AS
Routes VoLTE subscribers' calls to

the IMS domain by IN-based number
CS MSC server
redirection of the anchor AS, when
LTE
the VoLTE subscribers receive calls
VoLTE
subscriber
from CS subscribers.
Page39
NEs at the Core Layer

NE Name
Function
IMS-HSS
(FE)
Controls subscriber roaming and stores the following information about a subscriber
in the IMS network: subscriber IDs, authentication data, service data, access
parameters, service trigger information, and roaming information.
SAEHSS/HLR
(FE)
Stores service-related data of subscribers, manages subscription information and

location information, and combines the following NEs:
HSS in the EPC network
HLR in CS and PS domains in the core network of the mobile telecommunication
system
USCDB
(BE)
Stores subscriber data and implements the functions of adding, deleting, updating,
and querying data at the request of the FE.
DNS/ENUM Implements functions provided by the DNS and the ENUM server.
eMSC
server
(SRVCC
IWF/CSFB
proxy)
Combines the following NEs:

SRVCC IWF: provides eSRVCC to ensure call continuity when terminals move
from an LTE network to a 2G/3G network.
CSFB proxy: moves LTE subscribers to a CS domain to provide voice services for
them.
MGCF
Realizes interworking between an IMS network and a PSTN or PLMN network.

If fixed network optimization is required or the live network provides a lot of fixed
network services, the UGC3200 is used as the MGCF. In other scenarios, the
MSOFTX3000 is used as the MGCF.
Page40
NEs at the Core Layer (Cont.)

NE Name
MRFP
Function
Provides resources for announcement playing and digit collection, voice conferences,
SD video conferences.
Combines the following NEs to provide call control, service triggering, and routing
functions:
I-CSCF: As the entrance to the IMS home network, the I-CSCF assigns or queries
the HSS to select an appropriate S-CSCF to serve subscribers.
S-CSCF: The S-CSCF is located on the home network as the central IMS node. It
I-CSCF/Simplements subscription, authentication, session, routes, and service triggering.
CSCF/BGCF
BGCF: The BGCF is located on the home network to select an MGCF for calls
/MRFC
between an IMS network and a PSTN or PLMN network. It is integrated into the SCSCF to reduce the need for standalone BGCFs. Therefore, call connection delay
is shorten and the reliability is enhanced.
MRFC: The MRFC controls the MRFP to play announcements and collect digits,
and provide resources for voice conferences and SD video conferences.
Page41
NEs at the Core Layer (Cont.)

NE Name
Function
PCSCF/SBC/ATC
F/ATGW
MGW/IM-MGW
P-CSCF: located on the visited network as the first contact point for
subscribers within an IMS domain. The P-CSCF forwards SIP signaling
between SIP subscribers and their home networks.
SBC: provides the core border gateway function (C-BGF) and interconnection
border gateway function (I-BGF). The C-BGF is deployed at the edge of an
access network to provide attack protection and NAT traversal. The I-BGF
provides media channels for an IMS network to interwork with other networks
that use SIP or H.323 signaling.
ATCF/ATGW: located between the P-CSCF and I-CSCF/S-CSCF and
interworks with the SCC AS to provide eSRVCC.
Provides audio media channels for interworking between an IMS network and a
PSTN or PLMN network.
Page42
NEs at the Core Layer - SRVCC IWF

The SRVCC IWF ensures call continuity when terminals

move from an LTE network to a 2G/3G network. When
receiving the location update request from a UE, the
SRVCC IWF changes the UE access location from the
MME to the MSC server based on the target cell ID
contained in the location update request.
The SRVCC IWF is
collocated with an MSC
server or deployed as a
standalone entity. If the
SRVCC IWF is deployed as
a standalone entity, it
functions as a proxy of the
MSC server and performs
conversion for signaling
messages between the
MSC server, SBC, and MME.
CS
eMSC server
(SRVCC IWF)
MSC
SCC AS
IMS Core
EPC
Sv
Selects target MSC
MSC
MSC
SRVCC IWF
MSC
MME
1
Page43
UE
Handover request
NEs at the Core Layer - ATCF/ATGW

The ATCF/ATGW is located between the P-CSCF and I-CSCF/S-CSCF

and interworks with the SCC AS to provide eSRVCC.
During a call, the ATCF or ATGW determines whether to anchor a call on the
media plane based on carriers' policies and terminal capabilities.
During an eSRVCC handover, the ATCF or ATGW correlates a handover

request initiated by the SRVCC IWF with the anchored session, updates
session bearer information, and initiates a handover request to the SCC AS.
2G/3G
CS
SRVCC
IWF
IMS Core
SCC AS
Remote UE
Handover
ATCF
LTE
PS
ATGW
Local handover duration: < 300 ms

Signaling before a
handover
Bearer before a
handover
SBC
Change is not required.
Signaling after
a handover
Bearer after a
handover
Page44
NEs at the Access Layer

NE Name
Function
eMSC server
(mAGCF)
Helps ICS subscribers in a CS domain to register with an IMS domain

and provides basic and supplementary services for them.
S-GW/P-GW
S-GW in an EPC domain: serves as an anchor point for the user

plane between access networks in 3GPP. The S-GW is used as an
interface to screen different access networks in 3GPP.
P-GW in an EPC domain: serves as an anchor point between a
3GPP access network and non-3GPP access network. It provides
an interface for interworking between a 3GPP access network and
external PDN.
MME
Implements mobility management for LTE subscribers, including

subscriber context and mobility status management, and temporary
identity distribution.
Page45
Contents
3.2 VoLTE NE Functions
Page46
Interfaces in the IMS and CS domains

and Interworking
Page47
Interfaces for Accessing
Page48
Contents
Page49
Huawei VoLTE Solution

O&M
Application server
Legacy service
ATS
(MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/Anchor AS/IM
SSF)
ATS9900
IMS Core
Presence/IM/DS/XDMS
RCS9880
EMS
iManager
M2000
Provisioning
GW
SPG2800
Convergent SDB
HLR/IMS-HSS/SAE-HSS
/ENUM /DNS
MRFP
MRP6600
DMS
TMS9950
eMSC server
(SRVCC-IWF/CSFB proxy)
MSOFTX3000
Terminal
EPC
MME
USN9810
MGW
UMG8900
2G/3G
LTE handset
MGCF
MSOFTX3000
IM-MGW
UMG8900
Legacy
network
SBC
(P-CSCF/A-BCF/A-BGF/ATCF/ATGW/E-CSCF)
SE2600/SE2900
CS
CCF
iCG9815
I-CSCF/SCSCF/MRFC
CSC3300
SCP
2G/3G
LTE CPE
S-GW/P-GW
UGW9811
LTE
PCRF
UPCC
LTE
LTE data card + software client
Page50
High Integration
SE2600/SE2900
Page51
Unified Hardware Platform

The IMS domain, evolved packet core (EPC) domain, CS domain, and
convergent HLR/HSS of Huawei VoLTE solution run on an ATCA-based
Open Standards Telecom Architecture (OSTA) 2.0 platform, which
improves hardware integration and simplifies network operation and
maintenance.
IMS/MSC server/SingleSDB
IMS/ATS
UMG8900
P-GW/S-GW/SBC
EMS/RCS
MSC server
IMS
SingleSDB
MME
Platform: ATCA/ATAE
Platform: UMG
Platform: PGP
Page52
Unified Network Management
The M2000/U2000 is deployed to manage all NEs in IMS, CS, and EPC networks in a unified
manner. The M2000/U2000 functions include monitoring alarms and collecting NE performance
data. With the M2000, operators can monitor, configure, and maintain the entire network
conveniently.
Page53
Solution 2: The Newly Deployed Convergent HSS\HLR

Replaces the HLR on the Live Network
Solution description
The newly deployed HLR/HSS stores

data of 2G, 3G, 4G subscribers. A
subscriber from the IMS, PS, and CS
domain can access the data.
Subscriber data stored on the HLR
on the live network is migrated to the
newly deployed convergent
HLR/HSS. Huawei HLR V900R006
or later can be upgraded to the
convergent HLR/HSS.
In this solution, only SIM cards need to be changed.
The MSC and SGSN on the live

network update all routes and store
them in the convergent HLR/HSS.
Page54
Solution 3: The Newly Deployed Convergent HSS\HLR

Coexists with the HLR, and VoLTE and 2G/3G
Subscribers Use the Same Number Segments
Solution description
The newly deployed convergent HLR/HSS

manages 4G subscriber data. New VoLTE
subscribers can be defined on the
convergent HLR/HSS. Data of 2G/3G
subscribers who have subscribed to 4G
services is migrated from the HLR to the
convergent HLR/HSS. If 2G/3G subscribers
do not subscribe to 4G services, their data
is still stored in the HLR.
Routing data for IMSIs and MSISDNs are

configured on the STP and SRF. If
subscribers have subscribed to 4G services,
messages are routed to the convergent
In this solution, only SIM cards need to be changed.
HLR/HSS. If subscribers do not subscribe

to 4G services, messages are routed to the
old HLR.
Summary
This course describes:

VoLTE solution basic concepts
VoLTE network evolution
Huawei VoLTE solution architecture and NE functions
Huawei VoLTE solution products and deployment solutions
Page56
Acronyms
VoLTE
CSFB
SVLTE
OTT
CTAS
T-ADS
EPC
MO
MT
LTE
IMS
SAE
SMS
UE
RCS
IM
ICS
SRVCC
eSRVCC
SCC AS
HSS
voice over long term evolution

circuit switched fallback
simultaneous voice and LTE
over-the-top
common telecom application server
terminating access domain selection
evolved packet core
mobile originating
mobile terminating
Long Term Evolution
IP multimedia subsystem
system architecture evolution
short message service
user equipment
Rich Communication Suite
instant message
IMS centralized service
single radio voice call continuity
enhanced single radio voice call continuity
Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server
home subscriber server
Page57
Acronyms (Cont.)
MME
PS
CS
ATCF
ATGW
mAGCF
AGCF
CSCF
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
MRFC
MFFP
MGCF
AS
BGCF
NAB
CAB
mobility management entity

packet switched
circuit switched
access transfer control function
access transfer gateway
mobile access gateway control function
access gateway control function
call session control function
serving-call session control function
proxy-call session control function
interrogating-call session control function
multimedia resource function controller
multimedia resource function processor
media gateway control function
application server
breakout gateway control function
Network Address Book
Convergent Address Book
Page58
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Introduction of VoLTE

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Introduction of VoLTE

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Introduction to the

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

VoLTE Product Documentation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to

VoLTE solution basic concepts

VoLTE solution architecture

VoLTE evolution trend

Huawei VoLTE solution products and deployment principles

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Commercial LTE Voice Solutions

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Disadvantage: When subscribers use voice services, data services carried on

CSFB is a transition solution before the IMS network deployment.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CSFB Definition (Cont.)

The MSC server sends a paging request to

The MME forwards the paging request

The UE falls back to the 2G or 3G network.

The UE sends a paging response to the

The UE sends a voice call request to the

fall back to the 2G or 3G network.

The UE falls back to the 2G or 3G network.

originating flow on the 2G or 3G network.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Over-the-top (OTT) is a solution that uses APPs, such as the Skype, to

The OTT solution is not carrier-class-based and has low reliability.

The OTT solution cannot provide E2E QoS guarantee.

Roaming and interconnection are hard to be implemented due to lack of standards.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advantage of VoLTE Better and Faster

CS call establish duration is around 4-5s

VoLTE typical video definition is 480*640

3G typical video definition is 176*144

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advantage of VoLTE -- HD Voice Quality

The frequency range of human speech

(Twice frequency range the AMR-NB)

VoCS voice: AMR-NB 300~3400 Hz, sampling frequency 8kHz, 12.2Kbps

Advantage of VoLTE -- QoS

Dedicate bearer for VoLTE

QCI: QoS class identifier GBR: guaranteed bit rate

Comparison Among CSFB, SVLTE, VoLTE and

The IMS network

Voice services are

Voice calls are not

UEs attach to the LTE

The call delay is long.

The live network does

The IMS and LTE

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Technologies Involved in VoLTE

Voice based on IMS

VoLTE voice services are IMS-based.

If VoLTE voice services need to be handed over the GSM or

ICS for VoLTE

To ensure that subscribers have consistent user experiences

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

IMS-based Voice Services