UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

SECOND SEMESTER/YEARLY EXAMINATIONS

MAY 2009

PROGRAMME

BEng (Hons) Mechanical Engineering Level 2

BEng (Hons) Mechatronics Level 2

MODULE NAME
DATE

Electromechanical Systems /Electrical Machines

Wednesday

MODULE CODE

20 May 2009
TIME
NO. OF
QUESTIONS SET

9:30 11:30 Hours

5

ELEC 2032(3)/
ELEC 2108(3)

DURATION
NO. OF
QUESTIONS TO BE
ATTEMPTED

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Answer any Four (4) Questions.
All questions carry equal marks
A List of Formulas and Equivalent Circuits figures are attached.

2 Hours
4

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS/ELECTRICAL MACHINESELEC 2032(3)/ELEC 2108(3)

Answer any Four (4) Questions.

All questions carry equal marks
Question 1 [Total 25 marks]
(a)

With the help of a diagram and equations, explain the operation of a singlephase transformer, and derive the expression for voltage ratio in an ideal
transformer.
[10 marks]

(b)

A single-phase transformer has the following parameters:

number of turns, N1 = 500
leakage reactance, X1 = 8
winding resistance, R1 = 5
Secondary winding: number of turns, N2 = 2000
leakage reactance, X2 = 140
winding resistance, R2 = 100
Magnetising reactance: XM = 350

Primary winding:

The primary winding is energised by 1000V 50Hz ac. The load on the
secondary winding has resistance 1200 and reactance 1500. Neglecting
core losses and referring variables to primary winding, calculate the input
and output complex power and also the power efficiency.
[15 marks]
Question 2 [Total 25 marks]
(a)

Explain the difference between wave winding and lap winding in a dc

generator.
[6 marks]

(b)

An 8-pole dc generator has a useful flux of 0.05Wb per pole. The armature is
wave-wound with 51 slots, each slot containing 20 conductors. What is the
generated e.m.f. when the shaft runs at 1200 r.p.m.?
[5 marks]

(c)

The no-load saturation characteristic of a dc series generator at 1500 r.p.m. is

given below, where Eg is the generated e.m.f. and If is the field current:

If (A)
Eg (V)

0
6

0.4
60

0.8
120

1.2
172.5

1.6
202.5

2.0
221

2.4
231

2.8
237

3.0
240

Plot the saturation characteristic on graph paper, and use the plot to calculate:
(i)

the critical resistance at 1500 rpm;

(ii)

the induced e.m.f. at 1500 r.p.m. for a load of 50 given field resistance
of 40 and armature resistance of 30.
[14 marks]
Page 1 of 3

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS/ELECTRICAL MACHINESELEC 2032(3)/ELEC 2108(3)

Question 3 - [Total 25 marks]

(a)

Distinguish between armature torque and shaft torque in a dc motor.

[4 marks]

(b)

Draw the electrical characteristic and the mechanical characteristic of a series

dc motor.
[6 marks]

(c)

A series dc motor has field resistance of 80 and armature resistance of 25.

The motor is supplied with a voltage source of 400V dc and has a mechanical
load of 8 Nm. Assuming a linear model for the motor, with electromechanical
constant k = 1.2 NmA-2 , and neglecting frictional losses, calculate:
(i)

the initial armature current and starting armature torque;

[6 marks]

(ii)

the steady-state armature current, back e.m.f., and speed in r.p.m.

[9 marks]

Question 4 [Total 25 marks]

(a)

By means of vector-phasor analysis, explain why a three-phase ac supply

energising a suitable arrangement of windings may produce a uniform
constant rotating magnetic field.
[13 marks]

(b)

A 4-pole 480V 50Hz three-phase star-connected synchronous motor draws a

line current of 1200A at power factor 0.8 lagging on full load. Given that
mechanical losses amount to 30 kW, core losses to 20 kW, and that the
winding resistance per phase is 0.01, calculate:
(i)

the shaft speed in r.p.m.;

(ii)

the electrical input power;

(iii)

the mechanical output power;

(iv)

the shaft torque.

[12 marks]

Page 2 of 3

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS/ELECTRICAL MACHINESELEC 2032(3)/ELEC 2108(3)

Question 5 - [Total 25 marks]

(a)

Explain the principle of operation of a three-phase ac induction motor.

[10 marks]

(b)

A 4-pole 220V 50Hz three-phase star-connected induction motor has the

following parameters per phase when referred to the stator winding:
stator winding resistance: negligible
stator leakage reactance

= 0.8

rotor leakage reactance

= 0.7

rotor resistance at standstill = 0.2

magnetising reactance

= 15

core losses : negligible

(i)

Show that the electromagnetic torque developed at a slip s is given by:

Tem =

26.1s
s + 0.0188
2

[9 marks]
(ii)

What is the starting torque?

(iii)

What is the maximum torque and at what slip does it occur?

[2 marks]

[4 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

sg/

Page 3 of 3

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS/ELECTRICAL MACHINESELEC 2032(3)/ELEC 2108(3)

LIST OF FORMULAS
Transformers:

Dc generators and motors:

Average e.m.f. per conductor

Induction motors:

Star connection:

Delta connection:

Page 4 of 3

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS/ELECTRICAL MACHINESELEC 2032(3)/ELEC 2108(3)

EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS

Transformer:
jX1
I1

jX2(1)

R1

R2 (1)

RC(1)

V1

I2(1)

jXM (1)

V2(1)

Dc generator and motor:

Rf

Ra

Lf

Eg

Induction motor:
jXs

jXr

Rs

RC

Page 5 of 3

jXM

R r /s