components of Information System

The information system of an organization is basically its physical components.

The physical components required for an organizational information system are
hardware, software, database, procedures and operations personnel. These elements
described below,
Physical
Component
Hardware

Description

Software

Software is a broad term given to the instructions that direct the

operation of the hardware. The software can be classified into
two major types: system software and application software.

Database

The database contains all data utilized by application software.

An individual set of stored data is often referred to as a file. The
physical existence of stored data is evidenced by the physical
storage media (computer tapes, hard-disk drives etc.) used for
secondary storage.

Procedures

Formal operating procedures are physical components because

they exist in a physical form such as a manual or instruction
booklet. Three major types of procedures are required.
1. User instructions (for uses of the application to record
data, employ a terminal to enter of retrieve data, or use the
result)
2. Instructions for preparation of input by data preparation
personnel
3. Operating instructions for computer operations personnel

Operations
personnel

Computer operators, system analysts, programmers, data

preparation personnel, information systems management, data
administrators, etc.

Hardware refers to physical computer equipment and essential

devices.
Hardware must provide for five major functions.
1. Input or entry
2. Output
3. Secondary storage for data and programs
4. Central processor (computation, control and primary
storage)
5. Communications