Professional Documents
Culture Documents
: Owen Hu
NIM
: 04121401066
Athletes who have anterior shoulder dislocation will often state that the shoulder
has popped out and complain of excruciating pain. The athlete is unable to rotate
the arm and has a hollow region just inferior to the acromion with an anterior bulge
caused by the forward displacement of the humeral head. Subluxation of the
shoulder may occur when the humerus slips out of the glenohumeral socket and
then spontaneously relocates. Posterior subluxations are seen more commonly in
athletes who use repetitive overhand motion such as swimmers and baseball and
tennis players.
Management
Anterior dislocation is the only shoulder injury that requires prompt manipulation.
The Rockwood technique involves an assistant who applies a long, folded towel
around the ipsilateral axilla, crossing the upper anterior/posterior chest. Gentle
traction is applied while the physician applies in-line traction at 45 degrees
abduction on the injured extremity. Traction is gradually increased over several
minutes. Successful reduction will manifest as a thunk when the humerus
relocates in the glenoid cavity. If started immediately, the dislocation should be
reducible in 2 to 3 minutes. Postreduction radiographs are required. With the
Stimson technique, the patient lies prone on a flat surface with the arm hanging
down. A 5-pound weight is tied to the distal forearm. The reduction will usually take
place within 20 minutes. Scapular manipulation in a similar position has also been
described as another method to relocate the shoulder with minimal traction. If these
attempts at early reduction are unsuccessful, reduction using analgesia or
anesthesia can be attempted in the emergency room. In the patient who dislocates
for the first time, the shoulder should be immobilized for 2 to 3 weeks.
Rehabilitation may reduce the rate of recurrence with goals being the restoration of
full shoulder abduction and strengthening of the rotator cuff muscles
(Robert B. Taylor, editor. Taylors Musculoskeletal Problems and Injuries ed 2006.
Springer: 2006; p. 218-219)
Soal 2 : Apa saja jenis-jenis fraktur?
1. Fraktur transversal
fraktur dengan garis patah tegak lurus terhadap sumbu panjang tulang
2. Fraktur Oblik
fraktur yang garis patahnya membentuk sudut terhadap tulang
3. Fraktur Spiral
timbul akibat torsi pada ekstrimitas
4. Fraktur Segmental
dua fraktur berdekatan pada satu tulang yang menyebabkan terpisahnya
segmen sentral dari suplai darahnya
5. Fraktur Kominuta
serpihan-serpihan atau terputusnya keutuhan jaringan dengan lebih dari dua
fragmen tulang
6. Fraktur Kompresi
terjadi ketika dua tulang menumbuk (akibat tumbrukan) tulang ketiga yang
berada di antaranya
7. Fraktur Patologik
terjadi pada daerah tulang yang telah menjadi lemah oleh karena tumor atau
proses patologik lainnya