Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The data furnished relating to floodworks are very extensive and unique one
carefully compiled in this treatise. The list of CEs of PWD from its inception
1857 to 2011 is included as a special addition, a reference for the present as well
as for the future.
Our thanks are also to Thiru. M.Nasar Ahmed (M.S.Xerox) and VPS Printers
for preparing the DTP works amd printing.
We hope that this valuable treasure will be useful as a reference guide for the PWD
Engineers and their well-wishers for many decades.
Er. A.Veerappan
Chairman, Organishing Committee
AOE, TNPWD A Platinum Jubilee Celebrations
FOREWORD
Er.A.Mohanakrishnan
Er. K. Ramalingam is a very simple, honest, frank gentleman, soft and pleasing in
his speech and manners. Always action-oriented, given a work to do, he will plunge
into, with only the objective and target in mind. He has been very hard working
and was sought after whenever difficult complicated jobs are to be executed in the
department.
Unlike me, he was versatile and has handled many intricate jobs in record time to
the satisfaction of his senior officers. His execution of the Manniar Silt Ejector in the
Cauvery Delta in 1974 with very little of technical help available to him, except for
his visit to see similar Ejectors in the North Indian Irrigation Systems, has been a
talk among us, his colleagues for long, and I am happy to record that Manniar Silt
Ejector is still functioning satisfacatorily.
I still remember how I admired his audacity as Executive Engineer to jump in, to
take the wheel of the jeep when we were both taking the then Chief Engineer, of
those days, in that jeep with no other vehicle for rescue, to drive a number of
kilometres in the sandy tract leading to Dhanushkodi after the well known 1964
December devastating cyclone causing a six - metre wave sweeping clean across
the tract into the sea leaving none alive, except a lonely dog which escaped. It is
something of a phenomenon we now call "tsunami". We were taking the Chief
Engineer to show the floating buoys we had erected for wind and tide observations
while engaged in the detailed investigations for the alignment of the Sethu
Samudram Canal which was dredged half way through and is halted at present.
Er. K. Ramalingam, if I remember correct, did a lot of work for the Cooum
Improvements and also largely improved the North Buckingham Canal
widening and deepening, for resumption of navigation. He served on deputation for
a period in the Neyveli Lignite Corporation in the formation period. He was the
first Superintending Engineer posted on deputation to the Fishing and Marine
Engineering Corporation and did a lot of initial investigation works to establish
minor ports along the South Indian coast both east and west like Thondi, Muttom,
Colachel etc.
His services were lent to the Space Department when the Centre at Sriharikota
was being developed. He made a mark in planning and organizing civil works in the
initial stages for the functioning of the Centre meant for sending out PSLVs
successfully since 1980, carrying satellites of various types, Indian and foreign, of
varying pay loads.
As one who closely followed me in the listing of PWD Engineers, he got promoted as
Chief Engineer, PWD, in charge of Minor Irrigation in 1984. During his period
he concentrated on the minor irrigation tanks all over in Tamil Nadu and their
modernization through external funding from the European Economic Community.
Several Ex-Zamin tanks were also improved and brought under the Public Works
Department where the ayacut served exceeded 40 hectares and the local
Panchayat Unions where the ayacut served is less than 40 hectares, for
maintenance.
Coming to the Publication a draft copy of which was handed over to me, which I
have read completely, the author by himself has clarified it as a SOURCE BOOK
AND NOT A HISTORY in his "Introduction" chapter which I may extract below:"Therefore the present account is not a history and not even an exhaustive
account. But it is a source book. The events are arranged under some
convenient heads for quick reference. Every effort has been made to trace
the eventsfrom the administration and technical reports of the State
Government and some institutions like the Association of Engineers,
Budget speeches and Policy notes of the PWD".
Er. K. Ramalingam rightly points out how we in the department are poor in
recording events and maintaining histories of at least major technical
achievements. He has taken enormous pains to collect information from different
sources and perhaps from his own jottings he might have maintained.
Listing of "Former Chief Engineers" in chapter 31 from the first Chief Engineer of
the department, the most renowned irrigation engineer Col. Sir Arthur Cotton KC
IRE, appointed in 1857 when the department was created, right upto the latest
appointment on 08.08.2011 is commendable. The advisability of rearranging
according to the subjects they held charge like irrigation, buildings, investigation,
IHH, IMTI, PF, DRCS and so on irrespective of the repetition of the names under
different heads, may be considered while editing.
I am sure this Publication will serve the present and future generation of engineers
in the Public Works Department as a SOURCE BOOK to whenever they come
across situations, left to handle similar works by themselves, to learn and seek
guidance from the contribution made by several engineers of the past in the
department.
07-09-2011
A.Mohanakrishnan
Advisor to Government,
(Water Resources)
FOREWORD
An interesting fact reiterated in this compilation is that the Irrigation System in Tamil
Nadu which we are proud of has its origin in the vision and creations of our ancient
dynasties of Chera, Chola, Pandian and Pallava. The author conveys the fact that our
ancient rulers were not only proud of their creations but also were optimistic that the
bountiful water sources created in the form of canals, tanks, anaicuts etc will remain
perennial. However it is a pity that the optimism of our ancient rulers is not fully
realised, in the sense that over exploitation of resource, regional greed of denying
equitable distribution of water flows across the regions and non-compliance of the
well-thought-out past water-sharing agreements has become the rule of the day.
The author has given due recognition to the British rulers as well by highlighting
some of the outstanding irrigation projects such as Mullai Periyar, Mettur Dam and
several anaicuts across rivers, initiating significant improvements to the then existing
infrastructure, both before and after establishing a full-fledged Department of Public
Works in 1858. Some of the great contributors during British rule like Captain Arther
Cotton, Col. Ellis, Er.Pennycuik and others are recalled as being synonymous with
monumental irrigation projects created in Southern India.
The author also covers a plethora of irrigation works like Lower Bhavani, Noyyal,
Kodumudiyar, Marudanadhi, Palar Porandalar, Uppar, Vaigai, the marvellous
Parambikulam Aliyar Project and many others created after Independence. The basic
details provided in respect to each project i.e. time of execution, project cost, ayacut
area etc will be of immense value for reference and further study.
I compliment the author for adequately elaborating under chapters 16 & 17 the tank
modernization schemes undertaken since early 18th century. His summery
presentation of Irrigation Growth in the State before and after Independence in the
following Chapter is impressive too. One can visualise from the presentation that the
network of nearly 30,000 irrigation tanks (PWD & Panchayat) across the State, a
unique feature forming part of minor irrigation system is the main stay of farming
community, particularly in dry regions. Considering the fact that about 33% of
irrigated land is supported by tanks, the author has justified in conveying the
importance of this segment of irrigation. Modernization schemes like WRCP,
IAMWARM and NABARD supported minor irrigation works have aimed at increasing
farm productivity thereby assuring sustainable optimum income to the farmers. This
is believed to be achievable through rehabilitation and modernization of water
sources with particular reference to tanks and canals, up-gradation of water studies
and training institutes, effective participation of water user associations etc. The
author has vividly brought out the positive outcome of these schemes and while
doing so has conveyed, as I understand that water use efficiency in combination with
farmers participation is the key to achieve the objectives of modernization schemes.
While indicating further modernization schemes in the pipeline, the author has
specifically mentioned the Cauvery Modernization Scheme, since submitted by the
Task Force constituted under the Chairmanship of Er.A. Mohanakrishnan. I had the
opportunity of examining this report during my tenure as Principal Secretary to
Government in the Public Works Department. I can confidentally say that this is one
of the most meticulously prepared reports and am hopeful that we can soon see the
execution of this project.
Yet another highlight in the compilation is the subject relating to Inter-State Water
Disputes. Although the content is not very elaborate, it gives a gist of developments
over a period of time in chronological order. This will enable the reader to appreciate
the amount of effort, time and money consumed despite which just settlements are
still eluding. There is therefore the need for a strong time specific dispute settlement
mechanism including a firm legal frame failing which the food security will become a
serious casualty.
Some of the other notable subjects specifically covered in the compilation are, Tank
Improvement Works, IAMWARM Works, Water Users Associations, Training and
Water Institutes, Ground Water and Hydrological Studies, Interlinking of Intra-State
rivers and Public Buildings of monumental value. This information, in my view, will
immensely benefit the departmental Engineers to take existing schemes forward with
imagination, dynamism and dedication for the larger benefit of society.
The author has been meticulous not to miss the administrative systems that were in
place at different periods in time, since the full-fledged Public Works Department was
created in 1858.
In all, the author has done an appreciable job in bringing out the subject wise
significant developments spanning a period of 150 years of Public Works
Department. The objective of this exercise in my understanding can be twofold:
firstly to provide a handy guide to all the Engineers, particularly beginners in the
Department with readily available information and secondly to motivate the
incumbents to dedicate themselves in their duties for the larger good of society.
More importantly, I should say that a mere reading of this useful compilation inspires
everyone to contribute by way of writing and publishing books / papers on every
subject under the scope of the Organization. I will be extremely happy if the
Engineers serving and retired can make an attempt to elaborate each of the subjects
in this compilation, particularly those relating to Inter-State Water Disputes, Ground
Water and Hydrological Studies, Interlinking of Intra-State Rivers, Expansion of
Minor Irrigation Sources etc and intensively deliberate over them. Such initiatives
will go a long way for the policy makers to do their bit for further improvements to
the irrigation infrastructure and systems thereby impacting sustainable food
production enhancement.
Last but not least is my earnest desire to compliment the retired Senior Engineers
who I consider as legends and who continue to make significant contributions for the
good of the Organization and Society. I do not venture to name these outstanding
personalities for the fear of missing some. It is gratifying to note that some of the
serving engineers, particularly beginners show promise in terms of adding further
glory to the Organization.
I conclude by extending my best wishes to one and all on the occasion of Platinum
Jubilee of the Association of Engineers, Tamil Nadu Public Works Department.
21-09-2011
S. AUDISESHIAH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No.
Brief Description
Page No.
1.
Introduction
2.
3.
British Period
4.
13
5.
23
6.
25
7.
27
33
9.
35
10.
Buckingham Canal
41
11.
I.H.H. Poondi
46
12.
48
13.
51
14.
54
15.
59
16.
105
17.
110
18.
135
Chapter No.
Brief Description
Page No.
19.
Training Institute
150
20.
152
21.
DCR Schemes
153
22.
155
23.
Kudimaramath Works
156
24.
159
25.
165
26.
168
27.
172
28.
Interlinking of Rivers
183
29.
186
30.
Building works
190
31.
214
32.
Bibliography
229
CHAPTER - 1 : INTRODUCTION :
Tamilnadu PWD is a very live and dynamic institution and is a potent force to bridge
the gap between Government and the people, between hunger and hope and
between water and crops. It is now proposed to record some events of the past and
present, in a chronological order such that it may become a reference book of casestudies to help in applying them, to improve upon them, and to solve our future
problems and to fulfill the hopes of people and Government.
In the world, India and Egypt have been pioneering the traditions of applying river
waters to raise crops and feed the hungry people over many millenniums and China
had been pioneering in the field of innovative tools and machineries to maximize
results from the efforts of the mankind. In India, the state of Tamilnadu had been
demonstrating how best to harness and distribute the river waters to the fullest
extent, eventhough it had not been endowed with any major rivers and it ranks
about the last in the country in per-capita availability of water. In the art of building
construction, too, we have had a lineage of great builders like Rajaraja Chola and
Pallava kings and we continue the same tradition and we have established a distinct
style and culture in all our buildings.
Therefore the present account is not a history and not even an exhaustive account.
But, it is a source-book. The events are arranged under some convenient heads for
quick reference. Every effort has been made to trace the events from the
administrative and technical reports of the state governments and some institutions
like Association of Engineers, Budget speeches and Policy notes of the PWD
Ministers. But all these reports are not readily available in a continuous manner as
there is no regular systems of preservation. It is understood from the Secretariat
Librarian that the Government have stopped printing the administration reports
since the last few years. But a few reports were available from the years 1923 with
many gaps in the Connemara Library where access to them is very arduous and
forbidding. The Irrigation Department are not publishing the New Irrigation Era
regularly or with required care and lately, due to some administrative changes, the
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
In this electronic age, web-sites will prove to be very good repositories but the
trouble comes at the time of updating when the old informations get lost. A system
should be evolved to store these data in regular files and preserve them. The
Government should also resume publication of the State administrative reports and
make them available in the web-sites freely to all those who want them. The Budget
and policy speeches must also be stored in web-sties. The Government
departments like PWD, Ground Water, Agriculture Engineering and Agriculture must
be encouraged to publish monthly bulletins and preserve them in the respective
departmental libraries, web-sites and also in Government libraries like Connemara
etc.
Er.K.Ramalingam
President, TNPWD Senior Engineers Association
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
4. Though Cauvery is born in western ghats, and flows hundreds of miles before
entering into present day Tamilnadu, it was exploited more by the Tamils than by
Kannadigas. This is satirically observed by a 13th century Kannadya grammarian
named Kesiraja, author of Sabdamaniderpana. He wants to know from Tigulas
(Tamils) whether they were borrowing the water from Kannadigas or appropriating
in the name of past debt.
5. Restoration of old tanks and introduction of minor works between 1800 and 1810 by
Dewan Poorniah of Mysore and constitution of PWD in 1856 of the Mysore state
were viewed with suspicion and Madras Government formally expressed its concern
on these developments in 1870. This brought the two states to the negotiating table
at Ooty, in 1890, leading to conclusion of 1892 agreement. Records say that
Irrigation facilities in Mysore state in 1900 was sufficient for cultivating 1.1 lakh
acres and that this increased to 4.4 lakh acres in 1971. Records say that before the
completion of Mettur dam the ayacut was only 14.4 lakh acres and this got
increased to 45 lakh acres after commissioning of the dam.
6. The following are some of the irrigation rivers which existed in the period of Chola
kings (846-954)
1) Mudikondan Cholapperaaru
2) Tanporuttaperaru
7) Vikramanaru
3) Sankatavuta Cholapperaaru
4) Akalanka Peraaru
9) Veeracholanaaru
5) Veerachola Vadavaru
7. The following are some of the channels which were excavated or named by Chola
kings (846-954).
1) Arunmozhidevan Voikkal
8) Keralamadevi Voikkal
2) Arinjikar Voikkal
9) Kodandarama Voikkal
3) Irajakesari Voikkal
5) Uttamachili Voikkal
6) Utthamachola Voikkal
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
8. The drains excavated in Cauvery delta during Chola period are given below (846
954)
1. Veeranarayana vadi
8. Kausala vadi
2. Srikandaraditya vadi
9. Kamadeva vadi
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Name of Structure
River
Period
Remarks as to the
kings responsible
1.
Uyyakondan
channel
Cauvery
985-1014
Rajarajacholan
2.
Head sliuice
Uyyakondan
1070 1120
Kulothunga cholan
3.
Manniyaru
Cauvery
1216-1256
Rajaraja Cholan
for Cauvery
near Konerirajapuram
4.
Mudikondan
Cauvery
1216-1256
Rajaraja Cholan
5.
Veeracholan river
Cauvery
6.
Vikraman River
Cauvery
1118-1125
7.
Kandaraditha Tank
Cauvery
950-957
Kandaratyachola
8.
Parameswara
Thadagam
Cauvery
7th century
Parameswara Varman
(great grand son)
9.
Gunamalli
Cauvery
7th Century
Mahendra Varman
10.
Mahendra
Thadagam
Cauvery
7th Century
Mahendra varman
11.
Palar anicut
Palar
7th century
12.
Mahendra odai
Palar
7th Century
13.
Vinnamangalam
Palar
920
King Udayendran
14.
Thanneer
Palar
Thadagam (Dravya
8th century
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
No
Name of Structure
River
Period
Remarks as to the
kings responsible
Thadagam)
15.
Veeramega
Thadagam
Palar
8th century
16.
Parimelan Kanmoi
Palar
8th century
near
Melur.
Maravarma
Sundarapandiyan
17.
Walaja Tank
Palar
19th century
18.
Kodiveri Anicut
Bhavani
1500 AD
Vijayanagar king
19.
Madurantakam Tank
Kiliyar
984-1014
Rajarajacholan
20.
Veeranam
Tank Vellar
(Veeranarayana Eri)
907-988
Parantaka Chola
21.
Kandaratheetha Eri
Cauvery
950-957
Kandaratheetha Cholan
22.
Kaveripakkam Tank
Palar
9th century
Nandivarman III
23.
Samudram Tank
Cauvery
basin
19th century
Maharatta ruler
24.
Perungulam
Tank Cauvery
(Chola Samudram)
1250
Rajarajachola
25.
Sembyan Endal
Cauvery
11th century
Chola kings
26.
R.S.Mangalam Tank
Vellar
900-920
27.
Kodimelazhagam
Anicut
28.
Nathiunni anicut
29.
Kannadian Anicut
30.
Kodagan Anicut
31.
Pazhavan Anicut
Vellar
7th century
32.
Marudur Anicut
Vellar
7th century
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Pandyan kings
by
Remarks as to the
kings responsible
No
Name of Structure
River
Period
33.
Gudumelan Anicut
Vellar
7th century
34.
Ukkal Tank
Cauvery
1012-1043
Maintained by lands
granted by Rajendra
cholan
35.
Thinneri
(Thinnaneri)
8th Century
36.
Chembarambakkam
Tank
Adyar
8th century
37.
Pandyan Dam
Palayar
1000 AD
38.
Cauvery
200 BC
Improved by Maharatta
king in 1801
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Tank Palar
Period of
Construction
River sub
basin
Cost Capacity
in Rs. MCuM
lakhs
Area
Remarks
benefited
ha
1.
Periyar
1886-95
Periyar
108.00 443/299
57871
2.
Pechiparai
1895-1906
Kodayar
26
152/126
25900
3.
Wellingdon
1913-23
Vellar
23
73/60
11197
4.
Mettur dam
1926-34
Cauvery
680
2708/2646 121810
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Travancore
samasthanam
Period of
Construction
River sub
basin
Cost Capacity
in Rs. MCuM
lakhs
Area
Remarks
benefited
ha
5.
Srivaikundam
Anicut
1873
Tambaraparani
16.11
9617
6.
Kodivery Anicut
1894
Bhavani
0.71
9800
7.
Sethiathope Anicut
1895
Vellar
1.19
19200
8.
Tirukoilur Anicut
1895
Ponniar
0.45
15000
Sandy bed
500 m wide
9.
Cheyyar Anicut
1852
Cheyyar
1.10
28800
Feed 144
tanks
1857
Poiney
0.28
14600
1857
Palar
2.58
4000
1881
1836-38
Cauvery
NA
Remodelled in
1899-04 with
55 spans of
40 feet
1845
Cauvery
Check erosion
of Cauvery
bed
15. Papanasam
1943
Papanasam -
158
1836
Cauvery
NA
1856
Cauvery
NA
1.8 Lakhs
1850
Cauvery
NA
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
10
Through many
tanks
Conceived in
1928-29
mainly for
power
Surplus into
Coleroon
Period of
Construction
River sub
basin
Cost Capacity
in Rs. MCuM
lakhs
Area
Remarks
benefited
ha
0.76
5269
Perumal koil
19. Chembarambakkam
tank
1893
Adyar
20. Sathyamurthy
Sagar (Poondi)
1944
Kosastalayar NA
21. Uyyakondan
Channel
Restoration
1938-39
Cauvery
NA
1952
Bhavani
950
1899
Trichy
0.07
3210
1893
S.A
0.69
5044
25. Tamarapakkam
Anicut
1909
Chingleput
65.00
Drinking
water
1894
Tambaraparani
0.06
7046
1893
Kosastalayar 0.08
11.13
1850
Vellar
N.A
12000
Converted
into regulators
in 1913
1933-34
Cauvery
NA
25800
to replace 4
korambus
1934-35
Cauvery
NA
416
1936-37
Cauvery
NA
822
32. Ayyavayyanar
improvements
1928-29
Cauvery
NA
NA
NA
1928-30
Cauvery
NA
NA
NA
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
11
88.3
0.772
Chennai city
drinking water
1310
929/909
83772
Preliminary
works started
in British
period
5834 II stage
Period of
Construction
River sub
basin
Cost Capacity
in Rs. MCuM
lakhs
Area
Remarks
benefited
ha
2145
1891
Salem
0.46
35. Vriddachalam
Anicut
1893
South Arcot
0.24
3557
1891
South Arcot
0.09
1919
Paralayar
1894
16.11
23769
Cochin
Samasthanam
38. Kodayar
1906
Kanyakumari
40. Panamarathupatti
Tank
1911
Salem
6.98
The British Government had constructed barrages across Cauvery and Vennar rivers in
Cauvery Delta wherever branch rivers took off and helped to form 1505 A class
channels and 19000 km of branch channels in the old delta.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
12
(ii)
(iii)
13
1838 : The whole Presdency was rearranged into 8 maramath divisions each under a
Civil Engineer working under the Public Works Chief Engineer. The
construction and maintenance of civil buildings in the Provinces so far under the
Engineering department of the Military Board were taken over.
1858 : The Maramath department was abolished. The duties of the Civil Engineers and
of the establishment under them were mainly of supervision only and consisted
of
(a) Preparation of plans and estimates
(b) Inspection and direction of works under execution.
(c) Measuring up of works when finished.
(d) Execution of large building works and such project works in exceptional
cases.
The actual execution of works were done by Revenue Maramath department
working under the Tahsildars.
The strength of the department just at the time of its breaking was as follows :
Maramath department :
24 Civil Engineers
(permanent)
11 Civil Engineers
(temporary)
23 European overseers
35 Native Maistries
Revenue Maramath establishment : 12 Superintendents of Maramath & 79 Taluk
Maistries
II. The Madras Public Works Department
The Court of Directors in England appointed a Public Works Commission in 1855
to review the working of the Maramath Department and they came out with the
following recommendation.
(1) The Work of the Presidency are generally in a neglected state except in a
few favoured Districts.
(2) The annual grant allotted is inadequate.
(3) The establishment appointed is inadequate.
(4) The Board of Revenue is no longer able to deal with the business of
Maramath department.
(5) The executive establishment employed under the Tahsildars as Revenue
Maramath is inefficient
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
14
Inspecting Engineers
..
District Engineers
20
78
204
714
B. 1859 1872
A few administrative changes that came in, during this period may be listed as
below:
1860 : The Chief Engineer was appointed as Secretary to Government in the
Public Works Department. Three Inspecting Engineers i.e. Deputy Chief
Engineers were temporarily vested with the powers of Chief Engineer.
1863 : Radical administrative changes came in posts of Inspecting Engineers which
were abolished. Eight Superintending Engineers were posted. The
Presidency was divided into 84 Public Works ranges and each put in charge of
an Executive Engineer. The Chief Engineer and Secretary to Government,
Public Works Department was mainly concerned with preparation of budgets,
allotment of funds and promotion of subordinates.
1867 : Chief Engineer, (Irrigation) was appointed. In 1870 the Public Works
Commission was appointed. Main points of reference were:(i) To consider the agency by which the minor works of Irrigation should be
effectively maintained.
(ii) To consider the efficient working of the Public Works administration as
organized in 1863.
The Commission stressed that maintenance of minor irrigation works should not
be handed over to the Revenue Department but considered that as their number
were far too great to admit of their effective maintenance by any Government
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
15
Department, arrangement should be made for the execution of all ordinary repairs
not requiring professional skill by the agency of the ryots themselves by providing a
reduction of assessment in the form of a remission of revenue to be granted for
execution of such repairs. The Committee also recommended the revival of
Kudimaramaths or unpaid village labour of the ryots upon works of irrigation by a
legal enactment and also gave a draft act for enactment.
On the organization side, the Commission desired that the posts of
Superintending Engineer could be abolished and instead, 21 District
Engineers could work in close coordination with the District Collectors and in direct
communication with the two Chief Engineers. The Chief Engineer who was also
the Secretary to the Government, Public Works Department was asked to exercise
all powers of the professional Head of the Department as Chief Engineer
instead of merely being a Controlling Officer as envisaged in 1863. These
recommendations were implemented in 1872.
C. 1873 1942.
Further changes came in, during this period as the country was heading for self
Government and independence and more development oriented works were in
the offing. The executive and the Superintending Units were rearranged more than
once to suit the needs. A few such changes are as below :
1878 :
1879 :
1880 :
1881 :
1895 :
Since then, the administrative units remained generally the same for well over five
decades. Large increase in works came in with several major irrigation projects
being taken up. Mention has to be made of the Periyar Dam built between 1885 and
1895 and the Mettur including the Grand Anicut and the Upper Anicut carried out
during this period. For all such project works special divisions and construction
circles were formed then and there according to necessity. Special units to deal
with famine and drought works and also flood works were also functioning at
different times.
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16
1850 :
Financial and social profits were note worthy and especially after
successful works carried out in Cauvery, Krishna and Godavary deltas
and irrigation work considered as a goldmine.
1858 :
1863 :
1866 :
1879 :
1903 :
1914 to18 :
1918-21:
1821 :
G.O.I. did not allow States to undertake any works above Rs.50 lakhs
without approval of Secretary of State until 01.04.37 when provincial
autonomy was introduced.
1825 - 26 :
1928 - 29 :
1935 :
1861-1921 :
Irrigation was a central subject and was closely watched by G.O.I. From
1837 it became a state subject.
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17
1943-1968 :
This quarter century was a crucial period in the history of our country. Following the
Quit India movement, the historical transfer of power from the British hands to
our countrymen was effected in the most cordial atmosphere. Immediately after
independence we launched gigantic projects for overall development through FiveYear plans drafted in succession. Our state, which had contributed in no small
measure in the struggle for independence, was now also in the forefront, in
implementing the development schemes.
The administrative machinery had to be geared up to handle these development
and construction schemes. Following the resolutions of the Indian Roads
Congress held in Nagpur in 1945, a massive programme for expansion and
development of the National and State Highways was drawn A separate
department to be in charge of all the roads was considered essential and the State
Highways Department was thus formed in 1946.
Through the Madras Act No.17 of 1961 the State Housing Board was formed to
execute housing and improvement schemes throughout the state. This restricted
the building activity in the Public Works Department to the public buildings,
educational medical, judicial, institutional and so on.
The Public Health and Sanitary works of the State were, over a long time, in the
charge of a special wing of the Public Works Department. With the fast
development of the urban water supply and sewerage schemes and the avowed
policy of the Government, to provide safe drinking water to all the villages the
workload in this wing had increased enormously. A separate Public Health and
Municipal Works Department was hence constituted in 1962 which has since
merged into the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board on 14.04.1971.
Tamil nadu Slum clearance Board was formed in 1972
1968 Reorganisation :
Recommendations of the 1968 commission are given in this chapter.
With the several development projects executed in the Five Year Plans, the
departmental activity both in the Irrigation and Buildings Branches had increased.
Besides, the permanent circles and divisions, several special construction circles
and divisions were functioning. A Special circle for food production schemes was
functioning with the entire state as the unit and similarly separate divisions
executing special minor irrigation schemes.
The new Government took a policy decision that the administrative set up should
have territorial jurisdiction rather than functional divisions and ordered
reorganization.
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18
As per this, each district was placed in charge of a Superintending Engineer with
three or four divisions under him, each Executive Engineer having three or four
Assistant Engineers. Each unit was placed in charge of both the irrigation works and
buildings in its territorial jurisdiction. New Capital works, construction works and also
the maintenance works within the territorial jurisdiction were brought under the
same unit. Sixteen circles were formed in the reorganized set up as against the
fifteen existing circles. Of these sixteen, ten were district circles with the smaller
districts like Salem and Dharmapuri, Coimbatore and Nilgiris and Tirunelveli and
Kanyakumari forming single units. The other six were special circles like the
Designs, Central Mechanical, Floods, P.A.P. etc.,
1973 : Hindu Published the proposal of Tamilnadu Govt. to recruit direct Assistant
Executive engineers and Govt. issued G.O.Ms.No.1964 dated 18.12.1973 for
direct recruitment of Assistant Executive Engineer and the Association of
Engineers objected to the proposal. Government also issued a
G.O.Ms.No.1905, dated 10.12.73 to split PWD into 2 wings of buildings and
irrigation and to allow transfers during the next 10 years and not beyond. This
was also vehemently opposed by the Association of Engineers, TNPWD.
1984
1993 : World Bank comes forward to help irrigation branch with aid for rehabilitating all
the irrigation structures and to complete some on-going schemes to tide over
financial problems of government and suggests separation of the water
resources wing from the Buildings. Again this proposal was opposed by the
Associations.
1994 : The Government sets up a high power committee under the chairmanship of
Dr. M.Anandakrishnan and 15 other members to suggest reorganization
proposals and it recommended gradual separation. The W.RC.P report copy is
enclosed.
1995 : Government issued G.O.Ms.No.530, dated 3.7.1995 ordering separate
organization called Water Resources and 4 zones at major basins and number
of sub-basins.
1995 : The Association of Engineers vehemently opposed the separation proposal.
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20
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22
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23
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24
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25
D. Cochin Port :
1939 : Cochin Port. Wharves opened in Wellingdon island.
1944-48 : Cochin port development works at Rs.17878 lakhs.
E. Mangalam Reservoir Project :
1951 : Started on 3.4.1951. Reservoir of 250 Mcft capacity and pickup dam to
irrigate 3280 acres across Cherukunnapuzha.
1955 : Completed and commissioned.
D. Manjalar Reservoir Project (1951-56)
Project sanctioned under post war reconstruction project under first five year plan.
Dam was across Cherukkampuzha with a Capacity of 386 mcft to irrigate. 809.4
hectares in new and stabilise 1315.85 hectares. The cost was Rs.44.80 lakhs.
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26
27
1910 1924 : Seven sites were investigated for Mettur dam, they were Urachi,
Nerunjipet, Navapet and 4 places at Samballi. Some proposals were for earthern
dam. There were many alternatives submitted by a few engineers including Er.Moss
and Er.Ellis. The proposal of Er.Ellis was accepted for Rs.912 Lakhs.
20.07.1925 : Dam construction was inaugurated by Governnor Viscount Goschen.
1925 : Er.Mackay was in charge of dam and Er.Narasimha Iyengar was in charge of
canals under the Superintending Engineer Er.Stoney. The surplus discharge was
proposed at 2.5 Lakh cusecs based on the observation of 2.07 lakhs recorded in
1806 at this site. In 1924 heavier flood of 4.50 lakh cusecs was encountered at the
dam site and therefore Ellis Saddle was designed for 5 lakh cusecs and hence it
could pass higher floods encountered in 1961 and 1981 without any danger.
1925-26 : Camp office was established at Mettur. There were 5000 labourers.
Engineers deputed to England in April for getting overhead ropeway. Roads were
laid and best site upstream of Dam chosen. 3 new divisions were formed for the
dam and 2 for canals were formed.
1928 29 : All building materials were being collected and power supply procured
from Mysore state and 2 electric travelling cranes procured.
1929 sudden floods submerged the foundation and cleared. Instead of stones
proposed to be implanted in surki mortar, Portland cement was used at the instance
of Er.Mullings and this accelerated the works. Original plan was to do concreting in
lifts by steel shutters for which 2 high steel towers (340 ft high and 1800 tonnes)
painted black and red erected at either ends. Hand pouring was found faster and
hence cable was used as a crane for lowering. Pillars and cables were erected in
1929-30 and this invited lot of interest from everyone. Stone masonry was adopted
instead of poured concrete. Power was got from Mysore. Construction joints were
introduced at every 128 feet intervals. In an ingenious way reinforced concrete
pillars 30 ft x 30 ft were laid cast-in-situ across joints to block the gaps.
Inspection galleries were formed in the body of dam for the first time. Ellis Saddle of
artistic beauty was built between 2 hill sides in a curve of radius of 800 feet just to
follow the rock outcrop and this helped in increasing the length of surplus escape.
16 spans of 60 feet each with arches. Saddle constructed only in lime-surki and not
in cement. Floor concrete alone was laid with 20% replacement of concrete with
surki mortar. Sluice gates 60x20 feet were made at PWD, Madras Workshops who
had quoted lower than M/s.Glenfield & Kennady even though more massive and
erected in less than 2 years by middle of March 1934 and last stone was laid on
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28
14.07.34. 546200 cft of concrete used. 96400 tons of cement were used and rest
449900cft was in masonry. Cement rate for concrete was Rs.42.20 and masonry
Rs.35.75 for cft. The entire work had taken 5 years and 10 months. Engineer-inChief was in full command of the work and dam was commissioned on 21.8.34 from
on ornamental parlour by Sir George Stanley., then Governor of Madras. Modern
design with all cross masonry works at 72 duty. But ayacut did not develop beyond
256000 acres. Capacity was 93.5 Mcft and it was highest. Per capita water
availability was 0.03 mcft for Madras, 0.11 for Karnataka and 0.12 for Kerala.
1933-34 : completed on 14.7.34. Irrigation was released on 21.7.34, dam completed
99%, canals 7%, 7 siphons, 3 bridges, 8 canals except for 1 mile in last reach
(31/10 to 32/6).
1934-35 : All works completed Bridge at 32/6068 in progress Earthwork between
31/1 and 33/40900 and 34/08 and 34/60 was in progress.
1938-39 : Stepped apron was in progress at dam.
1952-53 : ayacut is 301000 acres Rs.4.8 crores. F.R.L. raised by 10 feet.
Under this scheme Grand Anicut Canal was excavated for a length of 101.08 km
and Vadavar extention canal in Mannargudi area was carried out to benefit 3.01
lakhs acres in erstwhile Thanjavur district.
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29
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30
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31
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32
33
GRAND ANICUT
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34
and
Nathunni
channels
in
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35
36
Roads
550 lakhs
810 lakhs
NA
37
As a first relief measure, the Chennai Corporation advanced Rs. 35 lakhs to the
PWD and executed the Captain Cotton canal in Vyasarpady region of its last stretch
of infall into Buckingham canal. This was completed in 1980.
Next, MMDA entrusted the drainage canal from Kodungaiyur to Buckingham canal
for purpose of building quarters in the kodungaiyur tank- bed. This project was
executed along the north side of Moolakadai-Korukkupettai road and this was
completed by Nucleus cell in 1981 at a cost of Rs. 30 Lakhs. The Mambalam drain
was entrusted with PWD by Chennai Corporation and this was executed in 1983 by
PWD.
1977 : Heavy rains and cyclone affected Kodaganar dam which got damaged. The
reservoir was near Alagapuri village in Vedasandur taluk having an Irrigation extent
of 2080 hectares (New) and 144.09 ha (gap). It was completed in 1975 at a cost of
Rs. 212 Lakhs. It was rebuilt in 1982 at an expense of Rs. 920 Lakhs.
12-11-1977 : Heavy rains in Thanjavur and Thutthukudi districts. Kodaganar dam
got washed away. 3 lakhs cusecs reached Upper Anicut on 13-11-77 and sudden
realization at Cauvery barrage and 1.20 lakhs cusecs of water was diverted into
Cauvery. But Koarayar was also in floods and brought 40000 cusecs. Trichy town
was flooded. Cauvery not able to carry, floods entered into Colreoon and 5
breaches on left bank of Cauvery in the Srirangam island portion. 3 breaches were
near Amma mandapam and 2 near Kilikoodu. These breaches were similar to
those in 1924. Breach closing could be started only on 20-11-77. Ring bunds were
erected despite the fear of crocodiles.
Skilled workers brought from Koviladi,
Uthamanur, Sakkarahollan and Trichinampoondy and casuarina piles employed.
Special Chief Engineer for floods was Er.S.Manavalan and supply to delta could be
restored only in December 77.
Depression in bay which crossed Nagapattinam on 12-11-1977. Heavy damages to
crops, cloud burst on the eastern slopes of Western Ghats in Vedasandur taluk of
Madurai. Vedasandur range recorded 241.50mm on 13-11-1977. Several tanks
breached in Varattar and Kodaganar which is a tributary of Amaravathi carried
floods several metres high sweeping off all habitations. 3 villages of Nallamana,
Kottar and Thirukkai swept away leaving no traces. Earthern dam at Kodaganar
overflowed discharging 45000 cusecs, later estimated at 2 lakh cusecs over large
expanse of cultivated land. Amaravathi breached. Peak discharge of 3.08 lakh
cusecs received on 13-11-1977.
Several channels like Ayyan, Peruvalai,
Pullambadi, Uyyakondan breached. Kudamurutty drain carried 1.63 lakh cusecs
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38
and breached Srirangam island at 3 places. Large parts of Trichy got flooded.
Grand Anicut received 1.44 lakh cusecs on 13-11-1977 discharging 114000 cusecs
into Cauvery and 15000 cusecs into Vennar. Above 1.80 Lakh cusecs diverted into
Coleroon at Upper Anicut and 1.14 lakh cusecs at Grand anicut. 1.5 lakh cusecs in
Kudamurutty and lot of damages through Kilikkoodu breach. Coleroon flow
exceeded 4.50 lakh cusecs as it approached Lower Anicut. Earlier it was only 4
lakh cusecs in 1858. Left bank of Coleroon above Lower Anicut spreading over 3
lakhs cusecs in the area north of Coleroon. Lower Anicut passed down 1.5 Lakh
cusecs. 2400 tanks breached (392 tanks in Pudukottai, 174 in Thanjavur). In
Cauvery delta rivers breached at 703 places, channels at 383 places. Government
urged to launch heavy restoration programme.
1983 : High intensity of rainfall on 22-12-83. Depression formed 100km east of
south-east of Pamban and brought torrential rains. Madukkur raingauge recorded
422mm on 23-12-83. Mettur was closed on 22-12-83 anticipating rains due to
depression and all shutters of Cauvery Barrage at Upper Anicut brought floods
directly, into Coleroon 53000 cusecs reached Grand anicut. Flood waves from
upland of Pudukkottai breached several irrigation tanks and channels enroute.
Grand Anicut canal breached heavily at a few places and passed floods into Vennar
which is designed to take 110000 cusecs passed 30000 cusecs. 508 tanks
breached in Pudukkottai. 182 in Trichy, 469 in Thanjavur. Breaches in rivers and
channels were over 1415 places. Er.T.K.Viswanathan closed the breaches as
Special Chief Engineer.
1983 - 1984 : The floods in Coovum river damaged Aranvoyal Anicut taking
advantage of sand pits. Not rebuilt as no ayacut remained.
1988 - 89 : Vaigai floods restoration started in September 1984 and completed by
March 1989 at Rs. 600 Lakhs.
2000 - 2001 : Rs. 50 Lakhs was sanctioned for removing obstructions in
Kudamurutty, Ayyaru and Korayar which will be widened.
Uyyakondan was strengthened.
Embankment of
2001 02 : Tiruchi city flood prevention scheme sent in 1999 was sanctioned for
Rs. 50 crores.
2005 : Heavy rains in Karnataka on 23-10-05. Inflow into Cauvery measured to
206222 cusecs on 24-10-05 and came down to 48000 cusecs on 28-10-05. Peak
was on 24-10-05 when 241300 cusecs was received. Breach occurred on left bank
of Srirangam Nattuvaikkal at 5/2 and at Alankudi in Sirkali Taluk. Realisations are
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39
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40
1934-35
4.59
1925-26
3.53
1935.36
4.83
1926-27
N.A.
1936-37
5.17
1927-28
0.26
1938-39
3.36
1928-29
4.25
1943-44
1.36
1929-30
4.23
1944-45
1.36
1930-31
4.15
1952-53
1931-32
4.16
1955-56
80.31 (tonnes)
1932-33
4.19
1956-57
284.11 (tonnes)
1933-34
4.22
Wharves for unloading the cargo were constructed adjoining Wall Tax Road and
Trevelyan Basin Road.
A permanent division was in position until 1970. It was again revived in 1973-74 and the
first regularly appointed executive engineer was Er. K. Ramalingam.
1971-72 dredging works were completed under III five year plan. Roads laid in Hood
and Shell wharves. Wharf completed on Cooum and improvement works taken up from
6/0 to 10/1 of North Buckingham Canal.
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41
Buckingham Canal
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42
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43
+ 4.25(H.S.L is .+6.09)
BERM
+ 7.25
HW OST
6.71
LW OST
5.29
This project was completed between years 1973 and 1975. During this period the canal
was kept closed to traffic. The Cargo of firewood which was being brought from Andhra
Pradesh were detained at a temporary wharf at Ennore. From there, fire wood was
being moved by private parties by lorries and taken to markets in Chennai. This interim
plan put the canal out of operation and canal became unnecessary even though it was
improved. The boat-owners also expressed a fear that concrete lining on the canalsides would damage the boats (wooden) and that stopped the entire traffic in the canal.
1975
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44
1976-77
1977-78
Under the grant from Government of India the North Buchingham Canal
was dredged at an expenditure of Rs.19.90 lakhs
1995-1999 Railways had built the Thirumayilai station under MRTP project and had
obstructed the water way and caused flooding in 1996 floods in Mylapore.
Railways were asked to widen canal at a cost of Rs.190 lakhs. Silt was
cleared for 4 km at R.K. Mutt at a cost of Rs.132 lakhs. Otteri Nallah was
desilted and provided flood banks on Adyar in Kotturpuram at a cost of
Rs.85 lakhs. An amount of Rs.68 lakhs received as loan assistance from
Government of India.
2000-2002 Cleaning of waterways was sanctioned and Rs. 51.47 crores and spent in
Buckingham canal Adyar and Cooum. Dredging Buckingham Canal
completed.
1999-2007 Millennium scheme granted for Rs.300 crores and implementation was
started from 1999. Rs.30.81 crores spent in Buckingham Canal. Balance
amounts spent in Adyar, Virugambakkam, Otteri-Nallah and other drains.
2007-2008 Master Improvement plan for Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu submitted to
Government of India for sanction (total 1095 km)
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45
1944-52
1947-48
1950-51
1951-52
1953-54
1954-55
1955-56
1956-57
1961-62
1963-64
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46
1969-74
Model studies for state and other state projects and of CPWC, CBI, CSIR,
NBO and institute of standards. Er. P.Kumarasamy was the first Director
1970-71
Anti sea erosion studies. Bed samples collected from various rivers in the
state and collection of rainfall data for all states.
1979
1982
Aug 1982 conducted as per G.O. 522 dt 21-03-80 model studies on remedial
measures to the Royapuram sea-erosion problem (18/82)
May 1983 Based on discussion held at CWPRS report prepared on the efficiency of
off-shore discontinuous breakwater at (-) 1.5m depth or at (-) 2.0 m depth
for Royapuram erosion problem (5/1983)
Feb 1984 Final report on design of off-shore breakwater for Royapuram sea erosion
for designing of a suitable section (2/84)
Feb 1986 Model Studies ordered by State 173302 dt 21-12-84 and R05368-4/84
dated 18/01/84 to get relief from pronounced sea-erosion North of Madras
Harbour (1/86) and (11/86)
August 1989 Department of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries have sanctioned in MS
No.261/dated 27/02/88 for model studies for permanent remedial measures
against sea erosion in North Madras. The post of Director was downgraded
to superintending engineer.
1992
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47
1905
1921
1923
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48
1923
1923
Diverson scheme into Adyar by closing river below Chetpet and reclaim 100
acres
1927
1950-51
1955
1957
1958
High power
dt.11-8-1958
1958-67
1967
Govt sanctioned scheme in 1967 in GO Ms. No.1371 dated 4-7-67 for Rs.32
lakhs and inspected by chief minister on 19-6-67. The proposal was for
(a) tidal weir (b) dredging of river and disposal of dredged material and
(c) construction of Jetty at Cooum-mouth and erection of sand-pump. The
weir was modified as a regulator and the sand-pump was ordered instead
of 2 excavators ordered for Buckingham Canal. Revised cost to Rs.70 lakhs
but final cost was Rs.74.30 lakhs.
1969
1970
Fireproof huts were built for 941 families for Rs.9.6 lakhs. A boat with 3.75
HP motor was purchased for inspection at Rs.8000. 4 single boat Jetties
and 4 double-boat Jetties were constructed at Rs.3.1 lakhs. Improvement
works taken up in 70-71.
1970-71
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Technical
committee
49
by
government
order
No.2206
pool was constructed at a cost of Rs.12.15 lakhs and Boat club at a cost of
Rs.4.62 lakhs and Parks built opposite to War Mamorial at a cost of 3.5
lakhs.
71-72
76-77
1986
Flood discharge of 538 cusecs observed at Napier bridge, Tidal flushing felt
upto 4300 upstream. 2266 cusecs diverted into Chembarabakkam at
Korattur anicut.
1983
The Aranvoyal anicut across Cooum washed away by floods and sandmining. Not rebuilt as ayacut lands have been converted into other uses
2006-2007 Cooum dredged at a cost of Rs 300 crores. The reach between Periyar
bridge to sea (Rs.2.20 crores) and Periyar Bridge to Koyambedu (Rs.17.47
crores) to be taken up.
2007-08
2009-10
Chennai city waterways at Rs.300 crores. B canal and cooum from Periyar
bridge upto R.K. Mutt to be taken up. Periyar Bridge to sea-mouth
completed.
2002-03
Groyne with R,M. Stones erected at South of Coovum 170 metre long at
Rs.78 lakhs and raised by 1.5 m on advice of NIOT
2003-05
2010
Cooum river in Chennai region has been taken up for beautification and
improvement on the model of Saint Antonio River in Singapore and special
cell opened with one administrative. Officer and agreement signed with
Singapore Agency.
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50
1862-1867 Investigation carried out and completed and detailed estimate given for 162
feet length earthern dam for Rs.17.45 lakhs. Mr. Coulomb who propounded
his theory on earth pressure seems to have given the design for an earthern
dam. But it was not accepted.
1882-83
29.10.1886
Agreement signed with Maharaja of Travancore. The Dewan was one
Vembakkam Ramiyar and agreement concluded on orders of Maharajah
and of John Child Homophone, the resident of the state and the Governor
of Madras Presidency on behalf of the Secretary of State of India. The lease
period was fixed for 999 years and could be renewed for further periods if so
desired. Lease amount was fixed at Rs.40000 per annum.
1925-26
1930-31
Periyar pre development data being collected and investigation made Rain
Gauges fixed.
1944-48
1947-48
1951-52
1951-53
1955-59
1955-59
Vaigai Reservoir project taken up under First Five Year Plan as post-warrelief works for Rs.330 lakhs. New area for irrigation to be 20000 acres.
Dam Cost borne by TNEB and PWD
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51
29-10-1970 Price to be paid to Kerala for power development and rate fixed at Rs.30
paisa per kw.
B. VAIGAI RESERVOIR
The purpose is to store the tail race water of Periyar. H.E.S especially during nonirrigation season of February to June Capacity of the dam is 193 mcft. The cost was
Rs.330 lakhs located 13 kilometres below Suruliyar infall. During water regulation for
irrigation due consideration is given for old catchment of Vaigai river and 17 MCM is
earmarked for drinking water needs of Madurai city. The dam has catchment area of
225.3 sq.km and water spread of 24.19 sq km. Length of masonry dam is 231.66
metres. Earthen Dam is 3243 metre long.
1954
1955
21-1-59
1960-61
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52
1981-82
Flood diversion from Vaigai to Gundar and Girdwmal basin 2 link canals one
above Virahanur regulator and another above Parthibanur regulator linking
Vaigai to Gundar and Girdumal carrying 1000 cusecs and supplying to 55
tanks having an ayacut of 10424 acres under Girdumal Link Canal to
Paralayar carrying 1500 cusecs to fill 64 tanks having 10424 acres under
Gundar. Revised estimate is Rs.148.5 lakhs.
1991
Link canal below Vaigai dam connecting pick-up anicut and Periyar dam
canal near Peranai Regulator taken up for Rs.25 crores and this was
cleared by World Bank in October 1993 and balance works under link canal
completed in oct 1993. Distribution network taken under W.R.C.P Tail-end
works to extend irrigation to Thirupattur Tank and 13 others, 40 tanks in
Sivaganga Taluk to irrigate additional ayant of 218.3 ha cost Rs.8.84 crores
in progress.
1996-97
1998-99
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53
1976-77
1982-83
1990
1981
1998-99
Kerala does not permit energy dissipation works and raising parapet walls
was started in 1987 and these have to be done later. Meetings held on 2811-96 and 13-08-98 to constitute Technical committee. Reports placed on
28-01-2000 at Trivandrum. Many meetings held between chief ministers but
no agreement reached.
2001-02
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54
2009-10
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55
1909-10
19.12.2010 Supreme Court once again appointed another committee under former
Chief Justice Dr.A.S.Anand to find out the present strength of Mullai Periyar
Dam and the samd is now investigated.
06.06.2011 Meanwhile, Kerala Govt. prepared DPR and planned to construct a new
dam below the Mullai Periyar, once again stating the old Dam is not safe.
However GOTN continued to contest the contention of Kerala Govt and
opposed the construction of new dam by Kerala.
08.04.2011 Geological investigation by Geological survey of India carried out soil
investigation by CSMRS was completed.
Dispute in Palar basin
2003-2004 River Basin Management Development Board (RB MDB) for Palar and
Tamiraparani met at secretariat in August 2002-2 meetings were held and
second meeting was held on 24-11-02.
2006-2007 Mysore not to proceed with check-dam as per 1892 agreement. Andhra
Pradesh assured that it will proceed with scheme only after consulting with
Tamilnadu.
2007-2008 Tamilnadu filed a suit in Supreme Court. But Andhra Pradesh proposed to
give details of scheme before 05-02-07 and not to proceed without
consulting Tamilnadu.
2009-2010 Andhra Pradesh furnished information and central water commission will
conduct studies to find water availability.
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56
1995-96
1998-99
2002-2003
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57
2003-2004
2004-2005
5th Feb 2007 Final award passed by the Tribunal however not yet notified in the
central Govt. gazette due to appeals pending in the Tribunal & Supreme
Court.
Water realisation at Mettur are furnished below:1991 1995
1996 - 2001
2005 - 2008
2008 2011 more or less 205 TMC was realised.
1995-1996
Less than 205 TMC was realised the shortfall ranging 2.2% to -139.84%.
2001-2005
(during 2003-04).
14th June 2011 GOTN requested for the Gazette notification of the Final award.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
58
Name
Adavinayanar
Reservoir capacity
3
4.80 Mm in Trichy
District
Parappalar
1971-74 90.64
Nanganjiyar
Lower Bhavani
Gunderipallam
1974-78 153.65
1001.21 ha
Varattupallam
1974-78 192.00
1210.44
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Period
19982003
Cost in Ayacut
Lakhs
New 405 ha
STABILISATION
535 ha
4107.00 2554 ha
stabilisation
23.86 ha
59
Remarks
Dindugal district
capacity 16.30Mm3
Sl.No
Name
Period
Cost in Ayacut
Lakhs
Remarks
and 15.50m high.
Amaravathi
Reservoir
1953-58 334.00
8700.93 ha
Near Udumalpet-CA is
839 sq.km. capacity is
114.61 Mm3. Earthen
dam is 770.23 m long
and 50.0m high.
Masonry dam is 3253
long
Ponnaniyar
Reservoir
1970-74 100.00
740.59 ha
Uppar Reservoir
1980-86 140.00
New 720 ha
10
Siddamallee
Reservoir
1982-87 478.90
Stablise 342 ha
new 135 ha
Near Udayarpalayam
earthen dam is
5050cm and 15.15m
high. CA is 40.63 sqkm
and capacity is 6.422
mm3 canal 9.8k long
11
Neyyar
12
Kodumudiyar
Capacity is 3.58 Mm
13
Chinnavedampatti
Tank
1986-90 370
14
Anicut across
Chinnar
1957-60 3.72
15
NKHLC
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80-85
58-61
1281.97 1576.90 ha
226.7ha
Capacity 6.58 Mm
3
3
179.29
60
New 1327 ha
Stabilization
3382 ha
Sl.No
Name
Period
Cost in Ayacut
Lakhs
Remarks
opened on 17-07-01
16
Mad alamuthuvari
1999-03
17
Vattamalaikarai Odai
Reservoir
1974-78 193.00
2347.23 ha
18
Jedarpalayam
Regulator
1953.54 15.45
5176.5 ha
Taken to Secure
irrigation in
komarapalayam and
Pugalur channels.
bed
19
Pullambadi
20
Maharajasamudram
Anicut
21
Kattalai Regulator
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
New 200 ha
56.61
142
Stabilisation
587.45ha 8.953
ha new
nd
2009
Beddam being
converted into
regulator for diverting
of flood waters to
south.
61
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
62
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63
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64
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65
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66
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
67
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
68
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69
TIRUCHI
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
70
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
71
Sl
No.
Period
Ayacut
Cost in
Lakhs
Remarks
1978-81
19.37
To stablise
168ha Gap
21.7 Ha
Marudanadhi
1976-80
3120.00
Stablise 924
ha gap 29.6 ha
New 1498 ha
Near Ayyampalayam
capacity 174 mcft.
Pilavakkal
(Periyar
and Kovilar reservoir
1971-76
222.43
388.5 hectares
in
Virudhunagar
District
Stablisation
2990 ha
gap 75.66 ha
2 Reservoirs Across
Vaippar basin. Earthen
dam 17 metre high
and 864 m long. CA is
24.77 sq km. In April
1984, 16000 cusec of
flood
experienced
again
10000
c/s
designed.
Arjunanadhi
Reservoir
82-83
303.60
2632 acres
Stablisation
use 99 ha gap
352 acres
Near Golwarpatti of
Satthur taluk capacity
178 Mcft.
Shanmuganadhi
Reservoir
1976-81
695.00
Stablisation
777 ha gap
76.5 ha
Capacity is 63.85 Mm
Sothuparai
98
1810.00
299.19 ha
Capacity 2.8 Mm
Nayodai
1998
720
148 ha
Dindugal District
Sirumalai
Scheme
1996
887
128 ha`
Nilakottai Taluk
NA
741
NA
Ramnad Distict
irrigation
Narayana Cauvery
Raghavendra Cauvery
and Sankarattrunam
11
Girdumal
91
53.00
3458.57 ha
In Sivagangai district
12
Palar
Porandalar
Reservoir
1971-78
565.00
4079.32 ha
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72
Name
Sl
No.
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
13
Varadamanadhi
Reservoir
1957-78
206.00
186.18 ha
14
Uppar Reservoir
1965.68
87.20
2452.45 ha
Near
Dharapuram.
Earthen dam is 2362m
long and 16.76 m high.
CA is 903.88 sqkm
3
capacity is 14.92 Mm
15
Vattamalaikarai odai
1974-78
193.00
2347.23 ha
Near Dharapuram. CA
is
396.00
sqkm.
Capacity
7.59mm3.
Earthen dam is 1820m
long and 20 m high.
16
Parappalar Reservoir
1971-74
90.00
404.69 ha
17
Vaigai Reservoir
1954-59
330.00
9645.89
18
Manjalar
1963-67
106.48
809.39ha
19
Vembakottai
Reservoir
1980-85
467.00
3279 ha
Across Vaippar in
Virudhunagar dist. CA
is 26.91 sqkm and
3
capacity is 11.29 Mm .
Earthen dam is 3216m
long and 9.7m high.
20
Kullursandai
Reservoir
1980-84
254.00
1034ha
Approved in 1979
across Vaippar near
Aruppukottai. CA is
80.38
sqkm
and
capacity is 359 Mm3
earthen dam is 3207 m
long and 8m high.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
73
Name
Sl
No.
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
21
Kuthiraiyar Reservoir
1982-90
877.22
Stabilisation
875.72 ha
New 1316 ha
Earthen
Dam
is
800.9m
long
and
27.38m high. CA is
71.40
sqkm
and
3
capacity is 7.17 Mm
22
Kodaganar Reservoir
1973-76
1890.00
3643.37 ha
CA is 1670sqkm and
3
capacity is 12.3 Mm
Earthen dam is 434m
long and 12.75 m high.
Near Alagapuri Village.
Damaged in 1977
cyclone and rebuilt in
1982-88 at Rs.920
lakhs .
23
Anaikuttam Reservoir
1982-89
275.00
1225.65ha
Near Virudunagar CA
is 40.83sqkm
and
3
capcity is 6.602 Mm .
Earthen dam is 2940
long and 9.50m high.
24
Golwarpatti
Reservoir
1982-92
981.00
25
Varattupallam
Reservoir
84-90
1646
3998ha
Capacity is 17.25 Mm
26
18 channel
2000-05
2860
22.81 ha
Uthamapalayam Taluk
27
Malattar anicut
1994
4200
1914 ha
Ramnad District
28
Ramakkal Odai
1998
565
107 ha
Dindigul District
th
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74
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75
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76
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77
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78
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79
Sl
No.
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
Manimukthanadhi
Reservoir
1966-70
106.00
1618.78 ha
Across
Manimukthanadhi
in
Kallakurichi
taluk.
Earthen dam is 4454m
long and 20 m high.
Gomukhinadhi
Reservoir
1963-65
121.00
2023.47ha
Vellar
basin
in
Kallakurchi
taluk
capacity is 15.86 Mm3.
earthen dam is 2103 m
long and 24.8m high.
Kariakovil Anaicut
1982-92
1185.00
11457ha
Near Atthur. CA is
70.5sqkm and capacity
3
is 5.38 Mm . Earthen
dam is 748 m long and
32m high and cemol
10.10 km long.
Perumpallam
Reservoir
1983-90
541.00
1092 ha
Noyyal Reservoir
1984-92
1646.00
Supply
tanks
Anaimaduvu
Reservoir
1982-92
1175.00
2119ha
Earthen dam
near
Valappadi CA. 145.02
sqkm and capacity is
3
7.56 Mm . Dam is
670m long and 27.94m
high.
Nallathangal Odai
1998
4270
1920
Erode District
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80
to
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
81
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82
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
83
Name
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
Restoration of
Nandan channel
70-73
1952-53
2.54
352.23ha II
crop 947.4ha
Pullampatti Reservoir
81-83
211.81
2154 acres
gap 96 acres
Stabilisation
326 acres
Eachampalli
81-84
394.00
2530 ha
Across Ponnaiyar in
Hosur Taluk 2 canals
left 23.15 km and Right
Canal 28.68km
Varattar Reservoir
1997
3595
1157
Harur
Taluk
near
Vallimedu village
Kesarigulehalla
81-88
399.00
Stablisation
85ha
Dharmapuri
District,
capacity 134.09 Mcft
earthen
dam
is
1671.7m long and
16.74 m high.
new 1620 ha
Nagavathi
80-87
359
New 807 ha of
double crop
Reservoir
capacity
3
4.6 Mm earthen dam
is 306m long and
15.8m length.
Vidur Reservoir
1958-59
89.00
890.33ha (ta)
404.69ha
(Pond)
Across
Varahanadhi
3
capacity 17-13 Mm
earthen dam 4380 m
long and 22.55 high.
Spillway 506ft long and
15 ft high galts. Canal
10.5km long.
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84
Sl
No.
Name
Period
Sathanur I & II
1954-58
60-63
10
Thumbalahvalli
Reservoir
11
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
318.00
LBC-9712.5ha
RBC 8498.4
ha
1979-83
212.24
883.85ha
40ha (gap)
Thoppaiar
1980-86
596
2157 ha
Dharmapuri
taluk
earthern dam 435 m
long and 19.76 m high.
CA
is
276.79km.
3
Capacity 8.46 Mm
12
Karuppanadhi
1997
4350
318
In
Thiruvannamalai
District.
13
Pambar
1977-83
323.71
1618.78ha
Across
Pambar
Earthern dam 652m
long and 16.50m high.
C A is 1736 sq km.
Conceived in 1877 by
collector
Mr.Lefareance, I.C.S
14
Vaniar
1979-85
1203.10
3460 ha
Harur taluk. CA is
101.76 sqkm. Capacity
3
is 11.8 Mm earthern
dam 1136 m long and
31.17 m height.
15
Chinnar Reservoir
1971-77
203.70
756.78ha
Near Krishnagiri C A is
620.85 sqkm. Capacity
is 14.15 mm3 earthen
dam is 365 m long and
29m height height.
16
Shoolagiri Chinnar
1981-85
187.00
352.6 ha
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85
Sl
No.
Name
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
canal 2.36 km
17
Kelavarapalli
Reservoir
1977-79
& 87-93
1250.00
6.10 148d
WS
18
Krishnagiri Reservoir
1955-58
202.00
3642.3 ha
Investigated in 1884
but dropped as it was
not viable. Earthern
dam 713 m and
Masonry 278m long
and 29.26 m high. CA
is
5428.4
sq.km,
3
capacity is 66.1 Mm
19
Mathalapallam
2001
1415
445 ha
Dharmapuri District
20
Vattamalakarai Tank
74.80
200.00
82.2 ha paddy
and 82 ha
cotton
Near
Muthukumarasamy
temple in Dharmapuri
taluk. Capacity
3
0.2 Mm
21
Markandanahdi
anicuts at
Beemandapalli and
Kallapalli
1947
60.48ha and
41.13 ha
Across Markandanadhi
joining Ponnair.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
86
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87
PAMBAR RESERVIOR
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
88
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89
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90
Name
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
Ghatana
1967-74
212.00
400 ha
stablisation
288 ha
Ayacut in
Ambasamudram Taluk
earthern dam 32.92 m
high and 1628 m long
3
capacity is 9.97 Mm
CA is 46.46 sqkm.
Ramanahi
66.74
181.00
New 202 ha
stablisation
1688ha
Ambasamudram taluk
CA
46.58
sqkm.
Masonry-cum-earthern
dam 840 metres and
31.09 m high. Capacity
152 mcft.
Kuppathu odai
NA
878
NA
Tirunelveli
district.
Tenkasi Taluk
Sadayaneri extension
channel
NA
1233
NA
Satthankulam
Taluk
channel
will
be
extended
upto
Puthanamthurai.
Manimuthar
Reservoir
1951-58
505.00
8093.9 ha
Earthern
dam
is
2553m long and 45.72
m high. CA is 161.61
sqkm and capacity is
3
156.07 Mm .
Karuppa Nadhi
1974-78
273.50
1163.49ha
Gundar Reservoir
1979.83
123.00
39.69 ha gap
Near
Tenkasi.
Earthern
dam
is
297.1m long and 14.66
m high. Masonry dam
is 929 m long CA is
9.92
sqkm
and
3
capacity is 0.71 Mm
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
91
Sl
No.
8
Name
Perunchani Reservoir
Period
1948.52
Cost in
Lakhs
147.00
Ayacut
Supplement
to Kodayar
Pechiparai
1948-52
147
10
Chittar Pattanamkal
scheme
1963-70
190.00
Pattanamkal
6070.42ha
and
Radhapuram
6879.81 ha
11
Anandam
Channel
remodeling
1981.87
445
Stablise
1457ha
gap 931 ha
12
Gunderipallam
74
33.63
13
Papanasam
1944-48
258.00
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Remarks
Near Nagerkoil CA is
159.46 sqkm. Capacity
is 81.84 mm3 Masonry
dam is 308.46m long
and 36.27m high.
Near Nagerkoil. CA is
159.46
sqkm
and
capacity is 81.84 mm3.
Masonry dam 308.46
m long and 36.27m
high.
92
Advanced Kar
from Tail Race
H E Scheme across
Papanasam.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
93
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
94
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
95
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
96
Name
Period
Cost in
Lakhs
Ayacut
Remarks
1995-97
2738
814 ha
Near Vaniyambadi
Shenbagathope
Reservoir
1997
3400
270ha
Polur Taluk of
Thiruvannamalai
Distirct.
Rajathope Reservoir
98-99
251
88.72ha
Bathalapalli
Reservoir
2055
1125
Maduranthakam RBC
1984
430.00
Araniar
1947-52
104.00
New 1024 ha
Stablisation
3644 ha
Mordana Reservoir
1995-98
1950
Stabilisation
2786.64
ha
and
Across
Malattar
a
tributary of Palar near
Gudiyatham
New 285.4 ha
8
Cheyyar Anicut
Wellington Reservoir
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
6.80
Reconst
ruction
study by
Committee
At the head of
Uthiramerur supply
channel in
Kancheepuram district.
2000
1198ha
97
Original
construction
1913-23 capacity 70.4
3
Mm .
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
98
Name
C.A.
Capacity
Mm3
Length
cost
Remarks
Water
diverted to
Aliyar
Upper
Nirar
75.11
1.1
132.59
25.91
105.00
Lower
Nirar
37.20
7.76/4.93
174.96+14.02
50.02
1240
Diverted to
Sholayar by
tunnel of
2.20m
diametre and
8050 metres
long
Sholayar
121.72 152.70/143.07
899+345
105.16
1125
Highest
Earthern dam
in Tamilnadu
feeds power
house and tail
water goes to
Parambikulam
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
99
73.15
347
Name
S.
No
C.A.
Capacity
Mm3
Length
cost
Remarks
tunnel.
Aliyar
196.83
109.43
2289.05+911.
35
44.04
297
Thunakada 43.35
vu
15.77/9.00
313.94
25.91
57.13
Peruvaripal 15.80
lam
17.56/11.02
466.34
27.74
34.30
Thirumurthy 80.29
54.80/49.39
2627.44
34.14
238.80
Canal
benefitted
73313 ha
1958-61
1962
1969-70
August 1968 Seepage studies at Aliyar Dam using radio-tracer isotopes by V K Iyer
from CW PRS.
1972-73
Ayacut is 26400 and power 185 MW cost of Rs6733 lakhs opened for
irrigation on 31-10-72.
1973-74
1979-80
All works completed 2.5 lakhs hectares Extended to 4.0 lakhs hectares and
extended area not to be given 3 zone pattern which are eligible once in
18 months. Divided into 4 zones and water supplied to all in two year.
1997-98
Water allowed to all 4 zones No 1 cycle upto May 96. Survey cycle 1 zone
ayacut.
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100
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101
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
102
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103
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104
District
PWD
PWD
PWD
Rainfed System Total
ExZamin
Total
Chengalpattu
1241
542
1783
1202
1207
756
3746
North Arcot
1482
602
2084
632
537
1169
482
3735
South Arcot
1213
553
1766
573
184
757
79
2602
Salem
449
100
549
188
Dharmapuri
1451
128
1579
98
101
Coimbatore &
Erode
42
22
64
57
59
123
Thanjavur
338
153
491
680
685
1176
Pudukottai
4609
725
5334
369
161
530
58
6394
173
85
258
214
472
3142
249
3391
288
483
771
331
4493
642
691
1333
1378
130
1508
7367
10208
806
159
965
289
397
686
445
2096
1062
12
1074
24
960
984
2058
16477
3936
20413
5276
3627
8903
9886
39202
10 Tiruchi
11 Madurai &
12 Dindugal
13 Sivagangai
188
737
154
1834
14 Ramanathapuram
15 Virudhunagar
16 Tirunelveli
Thuthukudi and
17 Kanyakumari
Total
Total ayacut under tanks is 9 million hectares which is 33% of irrigated extent in state
Total number of villages in state is 16477.
Calendar of activities pertaining to irrigation tanks :
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
105
Due to outbreak of famines, large scale repair works were taken up and tanks brought
to standards as per details in Tank-memoirs. Tank-memoirs were also being
continuously investigated and updated.
1825-26
1828-29
Small tanks with less than 40 hectares were transferred to the control of
collector as they do not need technical skill.
1822
1828-29
501 sqmetres investigated 494 sq.miles taken up. Total completed 8228
sq.miles and 4582 sq.miles in progress.
1830-31
1831-32
Completed 84089 sq 261 sq.miles this year and balance 4583 sq.miles.
1833-34
1834-35
1936-37
1837-38
1937-38
1838-39
1851-52
Tank improvement schemes Rs.1 Crore sanctioned Rs85 lakhs to wells and
Rs.15 lakhs for chief Engineer. CE (I) has sanctioned 188 new schemes for
Rs.14.80 lakhs and spent Rs.13.03 lakhs TRS 476 sq miles irrigated and
so far 86115 square miles covered. Balance 13600 sq miles
1934-35
1936-37
1938-39
1944-48
New Sub divisions formed and 8893 sq mile covered during the year and
10250 sq.miles totally invest aged and 85673 sq miles completed.
1947-48
1948-49
1950-51
Sanctioned in May 2000, 7 EEs, 32 AEs and 141 Supervisors for T.I works.
1393 schemes sanctioned for Rs.10803580 13551 new works in addition to
incomplete works. 227 works completed and additional area created for
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
106
7975 acres yielding 5334 tonnes of food. Total value of works Rs.782474
T.I works by regular divisions. 454 new schemes at a cost of Rs.3256062 in
addition to 99 schemes sanctioned in 1949.50 but not completed. 410
schemes executed during the year at Rs.1488350.
1954
1962
529 schemes and 154 new works at Rs.688.08 lakhs. 95514 acres
benefited and 26278 acres stablised.
71-72
73-74
74.75
79-80
1984
201 schemes sanctioned for Rs.3813600 for 85 tanks in PWD and exZamin in Aranthangi and Pattukottai Taluks.
1979-80
1981
1984
EEC aided Modernization Phase 1-25 million Euros for works and T.N. Govt
to bear establishment charges and machineries. Agreement signed on 2501-84. Agriculture Engineering Department executed on farm development
works. Anna University monitored. Technical Review Committee appraised
and formed the project feasible and sanctioned the tank particularly EEC
visited the tank in February 1985 and February 87 and expressed
satisfaction. Under this scheme 150 tanks of average ayacut each of 150 ha
spread in 7 districts were executed.
1987-88
1987-88
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
107
PWD tanks with ayacut between 100 and 200 ha and ex-zamin tanks
having ayacut of 4 to 50 hectares taken up at a cost of Rs.115 crores under
agreement ALA/86/11. 216 PWD and 80 ex-zamin tanks taken up till
1995-96. 192 rain fed and 80 ex-zamin completed Additional potential upto
95-96 is 4736 hectares and expenditure is 86.35 crores.
1996
1996
Japanese aided (OECF) tank rehabilitation project for 2500 tanks at a cost
of Rs.270 crores sent to Government of India in September 1994. Team to
visit in August 1996.
96-97
State-Bank aided project for 1000 MI and ex-zamin tanks sent for approval.
97-98
Rs.17.2 crores allotted for quick completion of 9 major projects from Rs.115
crores of EEC assistance.
98-99
OECF assisted project for 2500 rain-fed tank at a cost of Rs.270 crores sent
in September 1994. Fact finding team came in January 1998. Final master
plan report received from Japan in March 1999 approved for preparing
estimates. State Bank-aided project for 8739 tanks and 9850 ex-zamin
launched in 1995-96 for standardization and handing over to Panchayats.
Allocation is Rs.1500 lakhs (PWD, 480 lakhs for ex-zamin and Rs.980 lakhs
for Panchayat tanks). Budget for 98-97 is Rs.885.13 lakhs.
State-Bank aided Project Budget estimate is Rs.8.95 crores (Rs4.22 for exzamin and 4.63 for PWD tanks). 251 tanks of PWD at Rs.3.83 crores and
189 ex-Zamin tanks at Rs.2.83 crores taken up for standardization.
Expenditure upto July 1999 is Rs.2.0 crores for PWD and Rs.1.32 crores for
ex-zamin tanks.
2000-2001 Tank Modernization Phase 1 from July 84 to August 1999 carried out for
Rs.52.44 crores benefiting 28740 hectares. Under Phase 2, Budget
estimate for 1999-2000 is Rs.9.5 crores and expenditure upto 1998-99 is
119.93 crores Additional ayacut is 30 hectares.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
108
2007-08
2009-10
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
109
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-2000 174 works costing Rs.344 crores taken up so far spent 807.49 crores
budget Rs.220.71crores
2001-2002 Budget is Rs.374.08
2002-2003 Project extended upto March 2003. Project can enhance agricultural
production by 6 lakh hectares rehabilitate 25 MI tanks, 2347 Panchayats
tanks.
2003-2004 Project extended upto March 2004
2004-2005 Project extended upto September 2004 and completed and declared by
World Bank to have been completed satisfactory. Total expenditure is
Rs.840.84 crores
2005-2006 WRCP II stage project costing Rs.2900 crores sent to Ministry of Water
Resources Government of India.
2006-07
110
taken up with an outlay of Rs.585 crores. The balance 38 sub-basins would be taken up
in 2009-10.
The project aims to improve the service and delivery of irrigation systems and
productivity of irrigated agriculture with effective management of integrated water
resources in a sub-basin frame work as narrated in the Policy Note of Department
tabled in the Assembly.
The Project has four specific components and seven departments are involved in its
implementation. The five components are : Irrigation systems modernization in a subbasin frame work, agricultural intensification and diversification, institutional
modernization for irrigated agriculture, and water resource management.
Water resources organization, agriculture department, horticulture department, Tamil
Nadu Agriculture University, Agriculture marketing, Animal husbandry department and
Fisheries department are agencies responsible for its implementation.
TASK FORCE ON CAUVERY DELTA MODERNISATION
Tamil Nadu government has set up a task force, headed by well-known irrigation expert
Er. A.Mohanakrishnan, for modernising Cauvery delta irrigation system. The force is
expected to submit its report before July 2010. The government has also initiated a
performance evaluation studys of some of the major irrigation projects in the state to
increase water use efficiency to 60% from the present 40-45%. To begin with, the study
would be in Cauvery delta, Vaigai and Tambaraparani irrigation schemes.
That major irrigation systems in the Cauvery delta like Lower Coleroon needed
extensive improvements of infrastructure and modernisation of existing irrigation
structures for optimum utilization of Cauvery waters.
Though modernisation was long overdue, it could not be taken up as Karnataka
opposed the move on the plea that the Cauvery water dispute was pending.
Now that the Cauvery dispute has reached the final stage, the government thought it fit
to keep ready modernization schemes to be launched once the final orders are
published.
2008-2009
The World Bank/FAOCP Project Preparation Mission dated January 29, 1993.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
111
I.
II.
Tamil Nadu has long recognized the importance of water planning. Over the last
decade in particular, also assisted by a UNDP Project, USAID, the World Banks
Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Sanitation Project (Credit 1454) and the National
Water Management Project (Credit 1770IN), Tamil Nadu has made strides in
developing technical expertise in hydrology and river basin modeling. Between
IWS and the Institute of Hydraulics and Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology
Poondi (IHH) under PWD, TWAD, METROWATER, Anna Universitys Remote
Sensing Unit and other centres, a useful start on the technical front has been
made. IWS, for instance, is developing three basin models, TWAD has been
giving protective water supply to 100 municipalities / corporations, 23 townships
and most villages, METROWATER has augmented drinking water supplies to
Madras through a network of three reservoirs and wellfields and Remote Sensing
techniques with, inter alia, likely important application for estimating crop yields
and irrigated areas are being developed at Anna University. (The mission wishes
to express its thanks to the various agencies, including the above, who briefed the
Mission on their work programs, and provided valuable suggestions on future
direction)
1. The Mission advised that Tamil Nadu was one of Indias front-runner states in this
still very neglected area. Nevertheless, these initiatives were disparate, and lacked
an institutional apparatus to coordinate the efforts and translate them into an
actionable program resulting in achieved holistic water resource planning. Also,
notwithstanding the missions appreciation of the technical effort and achievement
being made in Tamil Nadu, even on the technical front a great deal remained to be
done for instance, 9 of Tamil Nadus 17 river basins remain to be assessed, and the
eight existing models need further refinement and operational use in decision
making.
2. Recognizing the importance of achieving holistic water resources planning in Tamil
Nadu, GOTN had nominated the Institute of Water Studies (IWS) as Nodal Agency
to coordinate water resources planning in the state (Order Ms No 1536 November
3, 1992, issued by Secretary PWD). However, the modalities of how IWS was to
operate, how full, fair and objective representation in state decision making of all
users of water was to be achieved, how larger considerations such as articulating a
State Water Policy, achieving a State Water Plan, and rapid build-up of basin
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
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planning, still remained in the combined view of GOTN and the Mission to be
clarified and detailed out.
3. In the Wind-up discussions, GOTN advised the Mission of the following intended
actions:
(i)
the status of IWS would be elevated. In its capacity as Nodal Agency for
coordinating water resources planning and allocation in the state, the post of
Director, IWS, would be elevated with immediate effect to the rank of Chief
Engineer, and would now report directly to the Secretary, PWD (instead of
through CE Groundwater).
(ii)
(iii)
A Tamil Nadu State Water Policy, consistent with the National Water Policy
(MOWRS,1987) would be prepared and issued. A first draft was provided to the
Mission for its comments and suggestions. The Mission agreed to provide such
comments, but recommended that, in addition to the Missions comments, a
specialist consultant input should be provided in view of importance of this
document. PWD agreed to this suggestion, and also advised that the draft
should be reviewed by the Water Resources Review and Control Board and
other senior state authorities to ensure that the document benefited from all
perspectives and a full consensus. The Mission agreed with this procedure and
commented that, providing the document was available in final draft by May
1993, quality and state level consensus should govern timing for this pivotal
document. PWD agreed with this suggestion, and advised it would provide a
second draft by April, 1, 1993, with the objective of finalizing the document in
June 1993. (*To PWD: mission response somewhat amplified here from our
verbal first reaction, the paper is welcome and of key importance, hence our
recommended more complete review process described above).
(iv)
It was agreed that IWS technical capabilities would be strengthened under the
WRCP. A five-year program to strengthen IWS and achieve the following would
be prepared with consultancy assistance during WRCP preparations:
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113
- An associated research and special studies program IWS would coordinate and
contract work by local universities and other water agencies
(v)
IWS would also coordinate state training efforts in water planning and hydrology
Finally, the Mission commented that the present structure of the public Works
Department (a vestige of the days when construction was the primary activity
and still comprising responsibility for Buildings and Architecture) was
inappropriate for the increasingly important role that it should play as a state
water planner and water development agency. The Department merited
restructuring towards a state Water Resources Department, shedding roles
connected with water and assuming greater responsibility in the water sector.
GOTN look note of this suggestion for its consideration during the forthcoming
months.
The decision to invest in any command would be driven by farmer interest and
commitment to participate in the
investment and to undertake subsequent
operations and maintenance, and scheme management. Schemes where farmer
interest and commitment were not present would not be modernized.
(ii)
114
agreement on their contribution to the investment and subsequent O&M. On this basis,
preparation of a command Plan of Operation and an associated set of infrastructural
modernization/upgrading, up to a guideline upper limit in terms of average investment
per hectare, to achieve the Plan of Operations. Implementation and monitoring of the
resultant investment and water management improvement. (This stage is similar to
NWMP except for the much greater farmer involvement to be now incorporated).
Stage II - Successful commands through stage I would be candidates for a further level
of infrastructural modernization involving a higher level of investment and agricultural
productivity. Selection for this stage would depend on success of stage I, an active
Farmer Association, and formal agreement with the Farmer Association on its
responsibilities and Government responsibilities.
In both stages, especially Stage II, farmer responsibilities would be significant. Specifies
need to be worked out by PWD with assistance of consultants and the Operations and
Maintenance Study (Attachment B). A tentative approach was, however, agreed. What
is needed is an incentive-based linkage between farmer contributions to investment,
operations and maintenance, and the performance and availability of the service.
Revenues generated by farmers should go back into the command, to break the vicious
circle of lack of funds, poor operations and maintenance, and lack of farmer and
government commitment to upkeep and to assure and improve the service. Farmers
needed to feel at least identified with the service and its management and financing.
They needed to participate investment decision making, financing of the investment
(even if investment contributions are modest), management and maintenance of the
system, and financing of O&M. Ultimate sustainability would probably require financially
and managerially independent commands, managed by farmer associations and
employing their own professional cadre. Some commands might be ready to move a
long way towards this already. On others, farmer participation would need progressive
build-up, starting with agreed O&M responsibilities by farmers lower down the system,
and their participation in command management and maintenance decisions by PWD.
Scope for immediately greater financial contribution by farmers to O&M appears
attainable (para 21). In all phases of evolution of the above, government and farmer
responsibilities need to be clearly defined, and assistance provided to farmers to help
them organize themselves.
It was agreed with GOTN that modernization and water management improvement
program would be progressively and successively implemented and monitored over as
large an area as realistically achievable during the WRCP. The ongoing NWMP
currently covers 153,000 hectares under active work. The state surface irrigation
network comprises some 2.5 million hectares of commands. Major, medium and minor,
of which 1.5 million hectares under major schemes (over 10,000 hectares each) and
medium schemes (2000 to 10000 hectares each), and some 1 million hectares under
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
115
minor irrigation. For present purposes, a total area coverage of one million hectares
could be assumed under WRCP for stage I, with a sub-set, say 50% through stage II
was well. (Feasible dimensions of the program will be worked out during preparation).
Financing implications were discussed with Secretaries Finance, State Planning
Commission, PWD and the Chief Secretary. At present, Tamil Nadus Eighth Plan had a
modest entry for this against NWMP (presently 64 crore rupees). As an illustration, if 1
million hectares were to come under sage I at NWMPs 1993 terms upper limit per
hectare of 4000 rupees (US$ 140 per hectare), a sum of 400 crore (US $ 140 million)
would be needed. It says, 0.5 million hectares also came under Stage II, at an assumed
average per hectare incremental investment of Rs.5000 per hectare, a further Rs.250
crore (US$ 88 million) would be needed. It was agreed that Plan allocations could be
adjusted to accommodate the program, and that this would be discussed with GOI. It
was also commonly appreciated by GOTN and the Mission that the feasible extent of
farmer contributions to the investment would be an important alleviating factor to the
Government funds required.
II.
Effective maintenance, technically well executed and fully funded to the required level
to ensure that irrigation/bulk water supply infrastructure does not deteriorate is
indispensable. Otherwise the huge investment in assets will deteriorate and irrigated
area decline (negative investment). Maintenance should be regarded as a prior charge
for irrigation sector expenditure, before financing modernization or expansion. Like
other states, Tamil Nadu has not lived up to this critical need, a fact well recognized by
GOTN. Part of the reason has been the serious financial crunch and the low water charge payments by farmers (averaging Rs.37/ha for paddy). Compounding this, PWD
execution and monitoring of maintenance could be improved, and in some commands,
infrastructure is so dilapidated that routine maintenance expenditure may be wasted
until proper upgrading has been achieved. Nevertheless, it is imperative that a solution
be found. GOTN advised the mission that this is well recognized and that full
maintenance should be an achieved objective under the WRCP.
In its Status Report for the WRCP, PWD had reviewed and commented on the
undesirable state of scheme maintenance in Tamil Nadu. The Ninth Finance
Commission had recommended average maintenance norm of Rs.180/ ha for
maintenance plus Rs.65 for regular establishment charges and Rs.36 for special repairs
(RS.281 in all). It has recommended a 5% annual increase to these norms to account
for inflation, though the actual increase for materials and labor in Tamil Nadu has been
51% (compared with 17% over the three years 1989/90 to 1992 base on the Finance
Commissions recommended annual increase). Correspondingly, such norms would
be Rs.210/ha (maintenance only) going by the Finance Commission, and Rs.272/ha
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
116
accounting for actual inflation in Tamil Nadu. The CE Irrigation, PWD has commended
an average maintenance allocation of Rs.250/ha for 1993/94.
Actual maintenance allocations in Tamil Nadu were Rs.103/ha and Rs.58/ha
respectively for major and medium/minor irrigation in 1989/90. Financial allocations
have improved since the averaging Rs.134 and 79 respectively in 1991/92. Further, for
1992/93 the mission was advised that the maintenance (including staff allocation)
allocation was about Rs.120/ha. The Finance Secretary advised the mission that the
Finance Commission norms were being aimed for, though the fiscal crisis made this
difficult. He envisaged progression to this over the next two years. In the wind-up
meeting, Secretary PWD committed to a maintenance allocation of Rs.200/ha for
1993/94 and of Rs.250/ha for 1994/95. Secretary PWD also advised that it was GOTN
policy not to increase staff numbers. The Mission fully supports this policy. Finally,
Secretary PWD instructed the PWD staff to prepare for the projects Command
modernization and O&M components a massive training program to gear staff to the
technical and farmer outreach need of these thrust areas. Preparation of this program
would form part of the O&M Study. In parallel, there is a need to tighten field planning,
budgeting and monitoring of maintenance expenditures and actions, to ensure that the
extra funding is used well.
WATER CHARGES : In several meetings, the Mission commented that water charges
were extremely low relative to O&M funding needs. Water charges range by crop,
season and other factors, but appear to be generally less than Rs.40/ha, and rates
have not been changed since 1962 (Collection rate are reported to the mission to be
about 75 to 85%). The water charge however, are less than 20% of O&M financing
needs. GOTN advised that increasing water charges was seen as clearly desirable but
was politically sensitive. However, the Mission advise that water charges represent the
equivalent of less than 10 kg of paddy or less than 0.3% of typical irrigated paddy crop
yield. Alternatively, water charges as a cost item for the farms compare with
expenditures by irrigated farmers on fertilizer of Rs.2000 to 3000 or more per hectare,
or less than 2% of the farmers fertilizer expenditure. If farmers paid the full O&M cost it
would-still only amount to about 10% of the fertilizer expenditure and less than 2% of
his growth crop revenues. Social welfare and affordability constraints appear, thus to be
fully surmountable, perceived political feasibility being perhaps the key difficulty for
GOTN.
The mission recommends further reflection by GOTN on how to find revenues to
finance O&M, a matter that the mission will also reflect on. The mission advises that a
move on cost recovery now will immeasurably increase the Banks receptivity to Tamil
Nadus Proposal for a WRCP. In the interim, additional to the most important need
which is to increase the levels of water charges, the following preliminary suggestions
for consideration are offered, pending further illumination under the O&M Study.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
117
(i)
(ii)
Consider a way to simplify the present array of crop-based water charge rates
(under rotational water supply, for instance, where farmers receive the same
amount of water per hectare, a single per hectare rate in a command would
suffice.)
(iii)
(iv)
It was agreed that the Operations and Maintenance Study to be undertaken as part of
the project preparation exercise would be used to detail the program for O&M and
associated modernization/rehabilitation to be financed under the WRCP. This would
also include assessment of how farmers could contribute to and finance O&M.
IV.
Project Completions
Another major expenditure head proposed by PWD, and comprising the bulk of the
present Eighth Plan, would be for completing ongoing projects. The Eighth Plan
contains completion works on four major projects and five medium projects, minor
irrigation and various other entries. The Mission fully agrees in principle with the thrust
to complete projects (to get benefits from past investment on stream, and consistent
with GOI Eighth Plan emphasis and Bank Irrigation Sector Review), but commented
that (i) Prioritization within this list might be needed depending on funding availability,
(ii) a fresh look at the program was desirable to review the status of each projects the
economic viability of the proposed completion, and to ascertain whether further
feasibility work was required for remaining works; and (iii) water availability should be
part of this review. It was agreed that a report containing a project by project summary
of salient features would be prepared by PWD, and that the projects would be grouped
by basin, with commentary in collaboration with IWS on water availability (based on
present knowledge) and recommendations regarding any further assessment needed.
(Report Guidance note at Attachment C). The report would cover all line items in the
Eighth Plan (and any additional Proposals): major, medium and minor irrigation, flood
control and drainage. For flood control and drainage, a large program may be
envisaged.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
118
V.
Expenditure Prioritization
A complex set of institutions, often evolved over many decades, defines the irrigation
sector and the water sector as a whole. Inevitably, these institutional arrangements do
not keep pace with changing conditions facing the state or the country. In Tamil Nadu,
too, the PWD recognize that it must now gear itself to face the challenges of future
tasks related to water resources management. It is not easy to change from a phase of
infrastructure development to a period when integrated water resources management
and improvement of infrastructure become the principal task focus. In addition, water
resources departments worldwide need to internalization environmental concerns and
to promote the participation and management of systems by water users and local
organizations so that irrigated agriculture and other bulk water supply infrastructure
remains a sustainable enterprise.
In order to adjust itself to achieve these new objectives, and to better achieve existing
responsibilities, it was agreed that an Institutional Study will be undertaken by PWD as
part of project preparation (Attachment D). This would aim to arrive at a comprehensive
set of recommended adjustments in organizational structure of the department,
management and procedural improvements, staff incentives, specialization, training and
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
119
120
would define the project concept and objectives, describe the detailed features of the
project, cost out the components and describe management features for coordinating
coordinating and monitoring the WRCP (Refer Attachment F). The report would serve
as the anchor document in the Preparation exercise, and as such can be expected to
go through progressive iterations (with the aid of word processing facilities).
DETAILS FROM DISCUSSION DRAFT ON TAMIL NADU WRCP-WORLD BANK
MISSION AIDE MEMOIRE JUNE 1993.
*
To assist the Water Resources Department (WRD) or PWD to adjust its activities
and expenditures to the new challenges of efficient resources management.
Water users need to become more involved in Water Management and
Maintenance, and cost recovery improved. To achieve these objectives,
institutional adjustments and improvements are needed.
The WRCP would support a prioritised and agreed work and expenditure program
of WRD of PWD which comprises both plan and non-plan accounts. The WRCP
would comprise the entire expenditure program and staff efforts of WRD over the
five year period, April 1, 1994 to March 31 of 1999.
i)
ii)
Institutional adjustments and upgrading:PWD would be re-organised to create a Water Resources Department,
Specialised in Water Planning, Bulk Water Supply, Irrigation and Drainage
Development, Flood Control, Operation and Maintenance, Design, Construction,
Regulatory, Environment Management, Programming and Budgeting, Data
Collection. The associated Institutional adjustments would be accompanied by
Staff-reallocation, Training, Consultancies and improved staff incentives to
enable career growth with staff specialization and continuity.
iii)
iv)
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121
(v)
Project Completions (viable) and Draingage:On going Irrigation Schemes to be completed. Investment to improve Drainage to
be taken up.
Provisional Project Cost:WRDs proposed Expenditure over the Five Year Period are show below. (In
1993 base cost)
A.
INVESTMENTS :-
1)
Rs. in Crores.
220.10
150.00
41.30
76.00
OFD WORKS
e) Stage I (0.8 Mha)
80.00
40.00
20.00
11.20
638.60
2)
193.20
3)
45.00
4)
50.00
5)
Institutional strengthening
a) Equipment and materials.
55.50
b) Training
15.00
19.00
6.00
(A1 to A5)
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Sub Total
122
1022.30
6)
125.50
100.00
1247.80
91.00
Establishment Costs
250.00
3)
35.00
376.00
Rs.1623.80
Crores.
(-)
Total
175.3
Rs.1448.50 Crores
A key objective under the WRCP is to ensure that the global programme of
WRDs efforts
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123
WRDs expenditures and over all program would be annually reviewed by Govt. of
Tamilnadu and World Bank.
Water Policy, Planning, Role of WRC and IWS and River Basin Planning.
*
Govt. of Tamilnadu will establish a Water Resources Council (WRC) with Institute
of Water Studies (IWS) to be the Nodal Agency for state water planning the
technical secretariat of the WRC.
WRD will reorganize at field level around 4 River Basin Managers (CE Rank) and
associated Units.
River Basin Advisory Panels will be established and it will be chaired by River
Basin Managers.
These adjustments and focus areas of WRDs programme under WRCP will be
accompanied by
a)
b)
c)
Vigorous staff Training Program by WRD and IMTI, IWS, IHH, Anna University,
I.I.T. and other State Institutes.
d)
e)
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
124
f)
Recruitment or Secondment to WRD of some specialist personnel (generally nonengineering) will be needed.
g)
To offer financial and Technical Assistance for investment by the farmers on OFD
works below sluice level to improve water distribution within the sluice command.
A number of features remain to be clarified.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
A key factor will be the degree to which WRD can mobilize the staff efforts and
Training required to prepare for and implement this programme.
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125
The equipment urgently needed for each division responsible for above 45000
hectare command is listed below:TRANSPORT VEHICLES :(1) Jeeps 4 to 5 depending upon number of sub divisions.These may be departmentally
(2) Motor Cycles 12 to 15 purchased and given to staff or
(3) Cycles 12 to 15 incentive provided to staff to purchase.
MACHINERY :(4)
Tipper trucks
2 to 3
(5)
(6)
Concrete mixer
(7)
Concrete Vibrators
(8)
(9)
2 to 3
8 to 10
2 to 3
1 to 2
At the state level, one total station should be purchased to monitor water levels in long
canals.
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126
(ii)
Draw clear specifications for works to be carried out and take adequate care in
preparation of contract documents.
(iii)
(iv)
For works that cannot be let out to contractor should be done by employing specialised
maintenance gangs. For that purpose, O & M wing should develop a core of specialised
maintenance staff in each command with the necessary skills and equipment to carry
on emergency and routine repairs. For routine repairs, Mazdoors should be appointed
at the following seat.
One Mazdoor for every 3 to 4 km of perennial canals;
One for every 6 KM of non-perennial canals;
One for every 4 KM of perennial distributory;
One for every 10 KM of non-perennial distributory;
And one for every 6 to 10 KM for minor canals.
Tanks bunds should be entrusted to farmers
MECHANISED MAINTENANCE:-.
In the long term there will be a shift towards mechanization for O & M. The shift is in
part supported by the restricted period available each year for maintenance of canals
and by scarcity of labour.
The equipment presently available with O & M is not only meager but most of it is in a
serious state of disrepair because of poor state of maintenance, probably cause by
inadequate maintenance budget. All existing plant and equipments beyond economic
repairs should be written off and those that can be economically repaired should be
brought under serviceable condition.
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127
Dated : 3.7.1995
Read :
1. G.O. Ms. No. 279 Public Works (WR) Department dt. 29.3.94
2. From the Chief Engineer (General) and Engineer-in-Chief (Water Resources
Organisation) Lr. No. AEE/T1/A/44953/95, dt 23.5.95.
ORDER :In the order first read above, the Government have inter-alia issued orders that the
Water Management may be decentralized along basin lines and the basins will be
headed by Basin Managers in the cadre of Chief Engineers by redeployment of the
existing Chief Engineers. The Chief Engineer (General & Irrigation) was requested to
send detailed proposals for implementing the order.
2. Accordingly, the Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Organisation has sent
proposals for the decentralization of the Water Management of Basin lines with four
Regions consisting of several independent river basin boundaries. Each Region will be
headed by one Chief Engineer. The Engineer-in-Chief has furnished the details of river
basins to be included in each region and also Headquarters of each region. He has
requested orders of the Government, for the formation of the four Regions along with
the respective river basins with Headquarters.
3. The Government after careful consideration, accept the proposal of the Engineer-inChief, Water Resources Organisation and direct that the Water Management be
decentralized on basin lines with headquarters at :(1) Madras
(2) Tiruchirappali
(3) Pollachi and
(4) Madurai
Along river basins indicated in the Annexure I, Annexure II, Annexure III and
Annexure IV respectively, to this order. Each Region will be headed by a basin
Manager in the cadre of Chief Engineer by redeployment.
4. This order issued with the concurrence of the Finance Department vide its U.O.
No.2341/FS/P/95 dated 30.05.1995.
P. BASKARADOSS
Secretary to government.
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128
ANNEXURE - I
REGION-I HEADQUARTERS AT MADRAS
Basin No.
1.
River Basin
2.
1. Araniyaru
2. Kortalaiyar
3. Cooum
4. Adyar
5. Palar
6. Ongur
7. Varahanadhi
8. Malattaru
9. Pennaiyar
Tributary
3.
1.1. Ilamkalvai
2.1. Nagariar
2.2. Nandhiyar
2.3. Akkur
5.1. Kallar
5.2. Malattar
5.2.1 Goddarvanka
5.2.2 Goddarvanka
5.3. Goundinya Nadhi 5.3.1 Goddar
5.4.Punniyathirtha Nadhi 5.4.1. Gundalkalkan Ar
5.4.2. Uttrakaveri Ar.
5.5.
Malaikanar. R
5.6
Poiney
5.7
Cheyyar
5.7.1. Karavanar
5.8
Killiyar
5.7.2. Kattu Ar.
5.7.3. Kamandalar
5.7.3.1 Nandiyar
5.7.4.Kalavai Maduvu
7.1. Tondiaru
7.2. Pambaiyar
Malattaru
9.1. Chinnar-I
9.2. Chinnar-II
9.3. Mirkanda Nadhi
9.4. Pullampatti R
9.5. Pambar
9.6. Vaniaru
10. Gadilam
11. Vellar
9.7. Kallaru
9.8. Pamba Aru
9.9. Musukunda nadhi
9.10. Thurinjalar
11.1. Vashistanadhi
11.2. Kallar
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Sub-Tributary
4.
129
9.3.1.Nachikuppa Nadhi
9.3.2.Veppampatti Nadhi
9.4.1. Semmankuppanar
9.5.1. Mattur
9.5.2. Barguri
9.5.3. Kanar
9.6.1. Kallar
9.6.2. Varattar
9.7.1. Kovilar
11.1.1. Anaimaduvar
11.1.2. Kariyakovidar
11.1.3. Sengipuramar
11.1.4. Malliyakarai R
11.1.5. Mankaniyar
11.2.1. Ettalar
11.3. Chinnar
11.2.2. Swethanandi
11.3.1. Koneri R
11.3.2. Eluvur. R
11.4. Kattodai
11.5. Manimuktha Nadhi 11.5.1. Gomuki
11.5.2. Mayura Nadhi
ANNEXURE - II
REGION-II HEADQUARTERS AT TIRUCHIRAPALLI
Basin No.
River Basin
Tributary
Sub-Tributary
1.
2.
3.
4.
12. Cauvery
12.1. Santhanamuthuhalla
12.2. Toddahalla R
12.3. Chinnar
12.6. Palaru
12.7. Thoppuraru
12.8. Sarabanga Nadhi
12.12. Penniar
12.12.1. Thirumanimuthar
12.14. Karaipattanur
12.15. Pungaru
12.16. Aiyaru
12.17. Ariyavurar
12.17.1. Koraiar
12.18. Kulaiyar
12.19. Nanadiyar (Branch Rivers)
12/2. Cauvery
12/2-1. Kudamurutti
12/2-2. Arasalar
12/2-3. Veeracholanar
12/2-4. Vikramanar (Branch Rivers)
12/3. Vennar
12/3-1. Vettar
12/3-2. Vadavar
12/3-3. Koraiyar
12/3-4. Paminiyar
12/3-5. Pandavayar
12/3-6. Vellaiyar
12/1. Coleroon (Branch River)
12.20. Andi Odai
12.21. Marudayaru
13.1. Madarajasamudram
Agniar
Ambuilyar
Vellar
Koluvanar
Pambar
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
130
ANNEXURE - III
REGION-III HEADQUARTERS AT POLLACHI
Basin No.
River Basin
Tributary
1.
2.
3.
12. Cauvery
12.13. Amaravathy
12.9. Bhavani
12.11. Noyyar
12.4. Palar
12.5. Periyapallam
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
131
Sub-Tributary
4.
12.13.3. Upper Odai
12.13.4. Nallathangaiar
12.13.5. Varattukarai
12.13.6.Vattamalaikarai
12.13.6.1. Perimpallam
12.13.7. Andankarai
12.13.8. Nanganjiar
12.13.8.1. Odai Karai
12.13.8.2. Parappalar
12.13.1. Kudhiraiyar
12.13.2. Shanmuganadhi
12.13.2.1. Pachayar
12.13.2.2. Porandalar
12.13.2.3. Palar
12.13.9. Kodaganaru
12.13.9.1.Samdanavardani
12.9.9. Varattupallam
12.9.9.1.Nalukkupparai Pallam
12.9.1. Moyar
12.9.1.1.Ambyaur Halla
12.9.1.2. Paikara
12.9.1.3. Avarai Halla
12.9.1.4. Singur. R
12.9.1.5. Kedar Halla
12.9.1.6. Gundaharta Halla
12.9.1.7.Kukalthurai Halla
12.9.2. Siruvani R
12.9.3. Kundah
12.9.4. Nikalapallam
12.9.5. Pillurpallam
12.9.6. Thannirpallam
12.9.7. Kombupallam
12.9.8. Gunderipallam
12.11.1. Chinnar
12.11.2. Sanganurpallam
12.11.3. Nallur Korangampallam
12.4.1 Kathala Halla
12.4.2 Tatta Halla
12.4.3 Maniyar Halla
ANNEXURE - IV
REGION-III HEADQUARTERS AT MADURAI
Basin No.
River Basin
Tributary
Sub-Tributary
1.
2.
3.
4.
18. Manimuthar
18.1. Virusuli R
18.1.1. Palaru
19. Kottakkaraiyar
18.2. Thirumanimuthar
19.1. Saruganiyar
20. Vaigai
20.1. Kottakudiar
20.2. Suruliar
20.3. Mavuttuodai
20.4. Varaha Nadhi
20.5. Manjalar
20.5.1.Maruda Nadhi
22.1. Marattanaru
22.2. Vegavathy
22.2.1. Paralaiyaru
21. Uthrakosamangaiyar
22. Gundar
23. Vembaru
24. Vaippar
25. Kallar
24.1. Seevalaperi
24.2. Nichapanadhi
24.2.1. Deviyaru
24.3.1.Mannarkottai
26. Korampallamaru
27. Tambaraparani
27.1. Pambar
27.2. Servalar
27.3. Manimuthar
27.3.1.Periyar
27.3.2. Keelamaniuthar
27.5. Pachaiyar
27.6. Chittar
27.6.1. Karuppanadhi
27.6.2. Uppodai
28. Karamaniar
29. Nambiyar
29.1. Kombiar
30. Hanumanadhi
31. Palayaru
32. Valliyar
33. Kodayar
33.1. Paralayar
Farmers may be illiterate but not ignorant. They had reacted favorably to green
revolution and would to water management training courses and demonstrations
programme in the lead to this willing cooperation. Indirectly this will lead to economy in
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
132
water usage and irrigation by turns can be slowly inducted into their minds. That is why
the WRCP project emphasis formation of water users Association to be formed.
1997-99 Government had decided to form water users association under WRCP and
importance to be given EC assisted phase 2.
2000-01
Rupees 250 per hectare to be collected and matching grant (OECD) will be
given.
2001-02
2005-06
2009-10
1227 completed in Feb 2009. Elections to be held for 1354 for phase 3
works before August 2009. State level steering committee formed. So far
3380 were approved and 11452 constituted.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
133
3. RIVER BASINS
Particulars of catchment areas and surface and ground water potentials are
tabulated below.
SL.No.
Name of Basin
Drainage
area on km2
Drainage
area in TN
km2
Normal
Annual
Rainfall
(in mm)
Normal
Volume
in Mcum
Ground
water
Potential
(in Mcum)
Chennai
7282
5542
1130
6.26
1120
Palar
17871
10674
940
10.03
2610
Varahanadhi
3637
3637
1250
4.55
1482
Ponnaiyar
15865
12141
920
11.17
1560
Vellar
8558
8558
980
8.39
1344
Cauvery
87900
48730
930
45.32
Agniar
4463
4463
910
4.06
Pambar
3488
3488
880
3.07
Kottakaraiar
1813
1813
880
1.60
976
10
Vaigai
7741
7741
900
6.97
993
11
Gundar
4838
4838
770
3.73
766
12
Vaippar
6255
6255
8001
5.00
1167
13
Kallar
1739
1739
6001
1.04
69
14
Tambrapani
5482
5482
1110
6.09
744
15
Nambiar
1561
1561
950
1.48
275
16
Kodaiyar
1533
1533
1720
2.64
342
17
Parambikulam
2174
610
1.33
751
Aliyar
Total
130369
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
134
122.73
920
1845
Regulators were built across cauvery and Vennar at Grand-anicut and road
over the regulators built. Lift gates were provided. Barrages were built across
all the channels in places where Korambus were being put-in by farmers for
water diversion. The field boundaries were built high and farmers stored
water for a over 9 height and they believed that crops grow only if the
boundaries grow and store water.
1836-38
Upper Anicut was built to prevent cauvery water wasting into Coleroon. But
this eroded the bed in Cauvery. Therefore grade wall was built across
Cauvery. This is called Cauvery dam.
1856
Floods washed away scouring sluices in Upper Anicut and rebuilt. The
arrangement did not effectively ensure water to delta and therefore ayacut
started diminishing.
1924-25
In productive works, area irrigated was 31.91 lakh acres under I crop and
5.32 lakhs acres under II crop. Gross revenue was 38.59 lakhs. Under
unproductive, it was 24.2 lakhs.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
135
1925-26
1928-29
1930-31
The growth has to be examined before independence and after independence. The
amounts spent on irrigation before independence (1947) and the ayacuts under I and II
crops as detailed in the State Administrative reports are given below in the statement.
The British had classified the works as productive and non-productive based on the
figures of the previous 3 years and collected water - tax at different scales and also for
different crops.
Irrigation growth before 1949
All figures in lakh - acres
Productive Lakh Rs.
Year
Expense I Crop
II
Crop
Expense
I
Crop
II
Crop
Total
expenses
in lakh
Rs.
Crop
area
Acres
lakhs
Revenue
in lakhs
Rs.
1924-25
----
31.91
4.68
2.62
0.23
NA
39.44
178.59
25-26
45.98
32.36
5.32
47.04
2.43
0.20
93.02
40.31
185.47
27-28
108.71
NA
NA
NA
2.45
0.18
106.71(+)
2.45(+)
----
28-29
119.58
NA
NA
15.00
2.43
0.17
134.58
2.43(+)
----
29-30
102.89
33.73
5.21
NA
NA
NA
102.89(+)
102.89(+)
----
30-31
100.47
36.21
5.33
2.07
NA
NA
102.54
36.21(+)
----
31-32
NA
34.20
2.50
0.97
---
---
0.97(+)
36.70(+)
----
32-33
82.00
33.02
4.83
184.02
---
---
266.02
37.85(+)
----
33-34
44.42
33.22
4.89
146.03
---
---
190.45
38.11(+)
----
36-37
18.63
34.42
5.64
115.16
2.39
0.38
133.79
42.83
3.49
37-38
7.27
34.99
5.99
103.70
2.43
0.63
110.97
44.04
3.65
38-39
9.10
35.05
6.19
93.72
2.29
0.41
102.82
43.94
----
43-44
5.37
35.07
9.29
1.08
3.50
0.93
6.45
48.79
----
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
136
Expense I Crop
II
Crop
Expense
I
Crop
II
Crop
Total
expenses
in lakh
Rs.
Crop
area
Acres
lakhs
Revenue
in lakhs
Rs.
44-45
8.95
37.19
8.28
2.10
3.51
0.82
11.05
49.80
----
45-46
7.41
28.40
7.13
12.71
3.58
0.52
20.22
39.63
----
46-47
12.19
39.10
7.80
54.44
2.86
0.71
63.63
50.47
----
1947-48
46.76
38.39
7.48
99.80
2.80
0.55
146.56
49.22
----
48-49
40.90
39.18
7.84
227.16
2.74
0.40
268.06
50.16
----
It may be seen that the irrigated extent had been ranging over about 30 to 40 lakhs
acres under productive and about 2.5 to 3.0 lakhs acres under non-productive
schemes. All told, about 40 lakhs acres had been under irrigation during the year 1924
to 1949 and the Government had been investing over Rs.100 lakhs on the maintenance
and capital works until 1947. The investment had started growing by 50% to 100% in
the year 1948 and 1949 due to the coming of the popular Governments. The major
works carried out by Government before independence are detailed in chapters 2
dealing with schemes executed by British Government.
B. GROWTH AFTER INDEPENDENCE
After independence the Government wanted to stop importing food crops and as a short
term measure it & took up some schemes to give a boost to the food-production. The
first such scheme is the grow-more food-scheme.
1. Grow-more food schemes
1946-47
1947-48
1948-49
1950-51
1951-52
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
137
1953-54
1971-72
1972-76
Neerathanallur channel flowing adjacent to coleroon for 500 metres was getting blocked
by sand and therefore diverted southwards through ayacut field. The reach adjacent to
coleroon was lined on sides and bed to prevent seepage of water into Coleroon.
The South Rajan channel flowing adjacent to deep drain was lined to prevent seepage
losses into drain. The bed dam at Manambedu was converted into a regulator
Manakkalmedu channel was at the tail-end of Bheernan channel and was having heads
sluice 7 km above this regulator. The channels Senganur and Thiruvarppadi were
having their head about km above regulator and were getting clogged by earth
slipping into high banks of river. Heads were shifted and placed side by sides with
suitable sill-levels to divide water for better regulation.
The drains of Palavar and Nandalar were studied and provided with standard banks.
The bed dams across Noolar were converted into regulators for better regulation.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
138
1976-77
1984-85
1986-87
Out of 696 drains identified, 367 completed upto 1985-86 and 124 taken up
in 1986-87
1987-88
1996-97
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
139
2007-08
588 schemes taken up in Ramrad district and 587 completed 199 schemes
taken in Dharmapuri district taken up and 187 completed. Ayacut benefited
are 92239 acres in Ramnad and 282260 acres in Dharmapuri District
1973-74
1974-75
1979-80
1998-99
Rs.78.60 crores sanctioned in 1991 with World Bank aid and Rs.41.85
crores for institutional building
1996-97
Rs.7860 lakhs is the estimated value. Spent Rs.933 lakhs upto March 1996.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
140
Cauvery Basin
21
10785
120817
29
13916
33774
9044
16588
Ponnair
20
18557
42128
13
4627
18970
Chennai Basin
13608
13952
100
70537
246229
Statement - A
Irrigation extents in 5 decades (Taken from Statistics Department publications)
(lakhs hectares)
Year
Canals
Tanks Wells
47-48
4.41
3.10
1.70
0.47
9.68
48-49
4.53
3.04
1.78
0.50
9.85
49-50
4.62
2.99
1.65
0.59
9.85
50-51
4.63
2.55
1.54
0.34
9.06
51-52
4.60
2.80
1.74
0.24
9.38
52-53
4.49
2.81
1.43
0.35
53-54
1.88
1.97
1.25
0.10
5.20
54-55
1.90
2.15
1.13
0.15
5.33
55-56
1.94
1.98
1.26
0.16
56-57
8.07
8.83
5.00
0.44
22.34
57-58
8.20
8.47
5.20
0.44
22.31
58-59
8.40
8.40
5.45
0.36
22.61
59-60
8.41
8.33
5.64
0.41
22.79
1960-61
8.80
5.98
0.06
24.62
9.36
Remarks
completed in 1958
61-62
9.23
9.39
5.94
0.46
25.02
62-63
9.01
9.46
6.15
0.45
25.07
63-64
8.73
9.19
6.04
0.43
24.34
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
141
64-65
8.90
8.92
5.99
0.43
24.24
65-66
7.98
9.03
6.59
0.39
23.99
66-67
8.50
9.66
6.40
0.55
25.11
67-68
8.91
9.90
6.98
0.50
26.29
68-69
8.90
7.51
7.44
0.32
24.17
69-70
9.05
8.79
6.90
0.34
25.08
70-71
8.83
8.98
7.75
0.36
25.92
71-72
9.30
9.24
0.36
27.10
72-73
9.41
9.49
8.29
0.32
28.15
73-74
9.26
9.30
9.30
0.29
28.15
74-75
8.86
5.94
9.24
0.34
24.35
75-76
9.09
7.50
8.70
0.36
25.65
76-77
6.76
8.00
8.24
0.29
23.29
77-78
9.25
9.10
9.58
0.41
28.34
78-79
9.19
8.41
10.69
0.44
28.73
79-80
9.32
8.96
11.17
0.39
29.84
80-81
8.88
7.38
10.45
0.38
27.09
81-82
9.00
7.38
10.45
0.26
27.09
82-83
7.63
5.17
9.59
0.16
22.55
83-84
8.65
8.07
9.25
0.21
26.18
84-85
8.95
7.15
10.07
0.23
26.40
85-86
7.73
6.72
10.30
0.26
25.01
86-87
8.19
5.09
10.10
0.18
23.56
87-88
7.20
6.09
10.92
0.17
24.38
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
8.10
7.90
7.69
8.43
8.50
4.79
5.22
5.31
5.77
6.29
10.71
11.69
10.59
11.68
12.01
0.15
0.16
0.35
0.17
0.17
23.75
24.97
23.73
26.05
26.97
93-94
8.50
6.29
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-2000
8.44
7.71
8.02
8.37
8.34
8.67
6.74
5.12
6.24
6.75
6.90
6.33
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
8.20
12.01
11.85
13.27
13.70
14.13
14.77
14.53
0.17
2.00
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.18
0.19
142
26.97
29.03
26.25
28.11
29.45
30.19
29.72
Statement - B
Growth of tubewells and wells and irrigation in 5 decades (Taken from Statistical
Department)
Year
Tubewells
Open wells
Total wells
in 1000s
in 1000s
in 1000s
Extent of Irrigation
in 1000 ha
Extent under
each well ha
50-51
537.45
537.45
154
0.29
51-52
777.70
537.45
174
0.32
52-53
750.43
750.43
143
0.19
53-54
1.55
763.43
764.98
125
0.16
54-55
1.70
800.62
802.32
113
0.14
55-56
1.91
789.69
791.63
126
0.16
56-57
1.80
820.99
822.79
500
0.61
57-58
1.93
854.51
856.44
520
0.61
58-59
2.19
909.27
911.46
545
0.60
59-60
1.74
874.06
875.80
564
0.64
60-61
1.64
873.60
874.80
598
0.68
61-62
1.67
932.39
934.06
594
0.64
62-63
2.19
940.18
942.37
615
0.65
63-64
2.78
958.18
961.14
604
0.63
64-65
2.83
972.64
975.47
599
0.61
65-66
1.80
975.96
977.76
659
0.67
66-67
1.93
986.60
988.53
640
0.65
67-68
2.04
1027.45
1029.49
698
0.68
68-69
4.25
1113.84
1118.09
744
0.67
69-70
5.70
1183.18
1188.88
690
0.62
70-71
4.49
1219.71
1224.20
775
0.63
71-72
24.97
1279.85
1304.71
820
0.63
72-73
19.34
1324.22
1349.14
829
0.61
73-74
18.14
1338.36
1356.56
930
0.69
74-75
5.57
1469.81
1475.38
924
0.63
75-76
4.93
1570.42
1575.35
870
0.52
76-77
7.14
1574.68
1581.82
824
0.52
77-78
7.70
1542.56
1550.26
958
0.62
78-79
7.68
1577.60
1585.28
1069
0.67
79-80
8.09
1594.16
1602.25
1117
0.70
80-81
7.74
1606.47
1614.21
1045
0.65
81-82
7.72
1618.27
1625.99
1045
0.64
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
143
82-83
7.92
1631.43
1692.91
959
83-84
84-85
85-86
6.60
2.35
62.30
1914.16
1918.78
1745.00
1977.22
1977.53
1807.30
71.90
82.14
86.62
86.48
89.75
98.17
108.34
109.70
124.71
137.32
18.48
145.44
150.30
162.62
1677.18
1644.72
1654.19
1657.01
1680.26
1682.45
1687.03
1690.68
1715.54
1690.94
1788.15
1657.02
1657.91
1664.29
1749.08
1726.86
1740.81
1744.39
1770.01
1781.12
1753.37
1790.38
1829.75
1828.26
1806.63
1802.46
1808.21
1826.91
925
0.47
1007
0.53
1030
0.57
Sudden increase in tube wells
1010
0.58
1092
0.63
1071
0.62
1169
0.67
1059
0.60
1168
0.66
1201
0.67
1201
0.67
1185
0.64
1327
0.73
1370
0.76
1413
0.78
1477
0.81
1453
0.80
86-87
87-88
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-2000
0.57
In the last 53 years, the Government had executed 100 major and medium irrigation
schemes and spent nearly Rs.70537 lakhs or 705 crores to benefit roughly 2.46 lakhs
of hectares. Against the gross area of 60 lakh hectares, this addition is about 4%.
Today the net irrigated area is about 30 lakhs hectares. These projects have added
about 8.2% growth mainly in the category of canals.
Net area irrigated in the state from 1947 to 2000 under canals, tanks and wells and
other sources given in the enclosed. Statement A as collected from State department
of Statistics. It shows that an area of 3 million hectares are being irrigated. Some of
them might have also yielded 2nd crops.
F. Growth of irrigation under wells and tubewells
Kindly see the statement B enclosed for 50 years. Over 20000 tube-wells seem to
have been added in the years 70-71 and 60000 numbers from the year 1985. At
present 163000 tube wells appear to be in use in private and Government sector.
Regarding dry wells, 537000 wells were in use in 1950 and they have increased over
3.5 times and at present 1664000 wells seem to be in use mostly in private sector. The
average ayacut under each well was hovering around 0.20 hectares till 1956.
Afterwards it has gone upto 0.60 hectares until 1995. After 1996, average ayacut under
each well increased to 0.8 hectares mostly due to tubewells.
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144
Allocation Crores
Remarks
51-56 First
20.15
56.60 Second
17.56
61-65 Third
31.41
12.54
68-72 Fourth
28.29
73-77 Fifth
59.65
78-79 Midterm
40.71
80-84 Sixth
161.33
85-59 Seventh
343.74
167.37
92-96 Eighth
540.00
97-01 Nineth
605.00
2002-06 Tenth
496.00
2007-12 Eleventh
2431.36
The allotments under eleventh plan is Rs.2431.36 crores which is nearly 6 times the
allotment under Tenth Plan. But this provision of 2431.36 crores works out to only 3.8%
of the entire state plan.
The projects taken up in the first 3 five year plans are given below :
Programme
I Plan
Project
Basin
Year
Cost in
lakhs
Rs.
Ayacut
I crop
acres
Ayacut II
crop
acres
L.B.P
Bhavani
1956
102.00
83700
Araniar
Araniar
1957
10.59
1012
Perunchani
Kanyakumari
Mettur Canal
Cauvery
1957
19.29
18211
Manimuthar
Thirvnelveli
1958
50.50
8094
33589
Amaravathi
Coimbatore
1958
32.98
8701
12950
Vaigai
Madurai
1959
33.10
9234
Krishnagiri
Salem
1958
20.24
3642
Sathanur
South Arcot
1958
25.80
8498
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4.37
145
3169
27763
Programme
II Plan
III Plan
Project
Basin
Year
Cost in
lakhs
Rs.
Ayacut
I crop
acres
NKHLC
Trichy
1960
22.45
8345
Pullambadi
Trichy
1960
20.61
8949
Vidur
South Arcot
1959
8.89
1295
Neyyar
Kanyakumari
1965
9.03
3773
PAP
Coimbatore
MI Schemes
Kanyakumari
Palar
extention
480.00
Ayacut II
crop
acres
97214
1961
2.20
1965
4.81
1329
Sathanur II Stage
North Arcot
1964
6.00
2023
Gomukhi
South Arcot
1966
8.70
2023
Manjalar
Madurai
1966
6.58
531
1255
Chittar
Pattanamagal
Madurai
1968
66.70
13079
5941
Total
934.74 lakhs
The particulars of works taken up and completed as allocated in the Tenth plan are
given below. (2002-2006)
Categories
WRCP
Dam Safety
Tank modernisation
Major and MI
IMTI
Floods and Ant sea erosion
Hydrology projects
Modernising MI tanks
projects under NABARD
State Bank and SMIP and DCR
Modernisation Ex-Zamin
Modernisation PWD
NABARD assistance
Ground Water
SMIP
874.00
30.00
61.00
96.00
30.00
179.00
8.00
10.00
149.83
10.34
38.56
863.83
2.97
164.81
13.31
23.76
10.00
4.00
4.00
357.00
84.00
108.00
23.71
3.57
0.64
181.91
14.94
30.61
MI tanks desilting
200.00
220.62
Total
2375.00
1743.91
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146
Total
2000-01
2080
316
2396
2001-02
2060
321
2381
2002-03
1516
261
1777
2003-04
1397
192
1589
2004-05
1873
222
2095
2005-06
2050
335
2385
2006-07
1931
391
2322
2007-08
1789
383
2172
From the above figures it may be seen that total irrigated area in the state is gradually
on the decrease. The rate may be in the order 2 to 3% per year.
I. Yield of paddy per hectare in the state
The Statistics department have worked out and given the yield in Kilograms per hectare
for paddy for various years.
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147
Yield
kg/ha
Year
Yield
kg/ha
Year
Yield
kg/ha
1970-71
1900
1980-81
1861
1990-91
3116
1971-72
1971
1981-82
2265
1991-92
3115
1972-73
1954
1982-83
1845
1992-93
3116
1973-74
2057
1983-84
1914
1993-94
2927
1974-75
1597
1984-85
2138
1994-95
3392
1975-76
2029
1985-86
2372
1995-96
2712
1976-77
N.A
1986-87
2728
1996-97
2671
1977-78
2050
1987-88
2872
1997-98
3050
1978-79
2017
1988-89
3032
1998-99
3579
1979-80
1996
1989-90
3088
1999-2000
3481
The yield after reaching 3000 kgms in 1988-89 is showing very slow progress over the
last 20 yeas and at present it is only 3500 kgm per hectare.
J. Floodwaters to be saved from River Basins
An Expert committee under the chairmanship of Thiru. Vijayaraghavan IAS (Retd.) was
formed in 2001 to study the surplus waters escaping into the sea and to recommend
schemes for harnessing them. The Committee had recommended schemes in the
following 5 basins.
Palar
24.339 TMC
Ponniyar
26.404 TMC
Vellar
41.243 TMC
Cauvery
104.56 TMC
and Tambaraparani
24.05 TMC
Government are studying the report and are yet to issue orders
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148
Scheme
Name
CCA
Cost
of
External Ayacut
Before
NWMP
NWMP
Original
Production Tonnes
After
IncreaseBefore After
NWMP
%
Increase
Tholudur
14.9
54.7
9500
13553
4053
9.00
10.30
14
Chittar
9.6
35.3
4578
11130
6552
4.50
7.50
67
Sethiathope
19.50
71.4
17890
18868
978
4.10
5.34
30
Cumbum
8.10
29.7
12068
13493
1425
8.90
9.34
Marudanadhi
2.70
9.8
976
1280
304
4.50
5.50
22
From the above the Commissioner had emphasised that this NWMP is a highly efficient
scheme requiring least cost with effective and close operation.
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149
150
river basins in the state and record them and to analyses the potentials of each basin
against the actual ultilisation and to assess water-balances. The Institute has divided
the state into 17 river basins and is now engaged in preparing perspective-plans for
future development. It has prepared for almost all the basins during the last 3 decades
and published all the reports and maps for guidance of the water resources department.
E) Irrigation Management Training Institute
The Government felt that each system of irrigation should function more efficiently and
increase the output to match with the targeted goals. In addition to water, other
essential inputs like seeds and farmers rolls should also be improved by running
demonstration - farms and giving training to farmers in improved and modern
management practices. The USAID came forward to extend help and a Management
training institute was opened at Trichy as per G.O.No.Ms.252 dated 14-10-83. One
chief engineer irrigation was posted to head the institution and experts from other
agricultural field were also posted. Every year training classes are conducted to farmers
at Trichy and other centres of agricultural growth like Madurai, Tirunelveli etc. 48 such
classes were conducted in 2008-09 and 2144 in 2009-10 where totally 2800 farmers
were trained.
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151
2004-05
Government sanctioned Rs.108 crores in G.O.Ms.No.191/PWD/ dated 2205-03 from Rural Ministry and work was started from June 2003. The
scheme was centrally sponsored under the name of Sampoorna gram
Rozgar meant for benefiting drought prone areas. The Scheme approved
25% towards cash and 75% of rice for labourers. Under the scheme 1750
tanks were taken up and improved.
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152
6.60 lakhs
57-58 -
1.34 lakhs
58-59 -
9.3 lakhs
59-60 -
8.15 lakhs
60-61 -
9.35 lakhs
Total
34.83 lakhs
Expenditure in 2nd five year plan was Rs.51 crores benefiting 7 lakh acres which
yielded 2 lakh tones of food grains and 23600 tones of cotton. Theareafter
proposals for desilting tanks using machineries were taken up year after year.
1961 62 :
1971-72
1973-74
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153
77-78
79-80
May 1982 :
1996 97 :
1998-99
2001-02
2003-04
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154
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155
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156
Statement A
Channel
Name
Cauvery
Vennar
Total
Nos
Length
Km
Nos
Length
Km
Nos
Length
Km
A Class
922
323777
583
2316.67
1505
5554.44
B Class
5812
4721.96
3932
3992.60
9744
8714.20
C Class
5891
3149.20
5191
5060.73
3855
6209.93
D Class
2752
1273.66
2566
1349.38
5318
2623.91
E Class
914
359.50
1837
312.38
1751
671.88
F Class
279
114.62
178
47.18
457
162.80
G Class
24
11.4
24
11.41
Rivers
17
37
1600
22
300
20
Drains
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157
Statement B
Year
Rivers
Channels
Canals
Tanks
Cost in
Lakhs
Rs.
Remarks
Existing
(Delta)
1569 km
1100 km
784 km
1946-47
NA
167 Nos
NA
3.75
Manual
clearance
47-48
NA
120 Nos
NA
4.12
Manual
Clearance
48-49
196 Nos
4.02
-do-
50-51
174 Nos
4.89
-do-
96.97
615 km
231.00
40
Bull
dozers
employed
97-98
NA
NA
1000.00
Machineries
employed
98-99
NA
639 km
962.00
-do-
99-2000
472 km
1624 km
1816
13
5800.00
-do-
10002001
NA
NA
NA
5000.00
-do-
2007-08
NA
NA
NA
NA
4000.00
-do-
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158
Cauvery
Delta
-------------------------
Total
3231 Mcft
881 Mcft
3300 Mcft
3645 Mcft
-------11057 Mcft
-------
They were supplying nearly 14 TMC of water every year. All these reservoirs were
under maintenance of the PWD. Emergency gates were installed at Red Hills in 1953
instead of falling shutters.
Meanwhile the population of Chennai city had crossed 1.4 million and many industries
had grown in North Chennai especially Chennai. Petroleum Corporation (originally
MRL) which itself needed 4 Mgd. Railways required 3 Mgd and many other industries
like Madras Fertilizers and Sreeram Fibres. The C.P.C.L. refinery plant was built in
1975 and Er. K.D.Karambayya, a PWD Engineer (later Chief Engineer of PWD in
1970s) supervised its construction under Engineer Er. Brahmanandam. The entire
project was done under Turn-key contract.
The UNDP helped the PWD in investigation and identifying potential ground water
aquifers situated between Kosastalayar and Araniar basins Dr. S. Panchanathan was
the Director. The Phase 1 and 2 of this investigation identified 3 well fields at Minjur,
Panjetty and Thamaraipakkam. Trial wells were sunk and reports prepared. Totally 24
Mgd was estimated to be available. The Government ordered laying of the pipelines
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159
from the 2 fields of Minjur and Panjetty to supply 13 mgd of water to all industries in
Manali and neighbourhood. In 1974, Dr. Panchanathan was appointed as chief
engineer of the newly formed Ground-water wing of the PWD. The Ground Water
Department was administering this pipe-line system until 1978 when the Chennai
Metropolitan Water Supply and Drainage Board was formed. In 1978 the system was
transferred to the Board.
The Well field at Thamaraipakkam was developed to supply 11 Mgd and project was
sanctioned to Interconnect the wells and lead water over 34 km through R.C.C pipes of
600 mm diameter to Manali area from the well field. This is the first time that R.C.C
pipes were used over a long distance. Its sanctioned cost was Rs.210 lakhs. The
Scheme had 3 intermediate booster stations equipped with electric pumps designed
and erected by P.W.D workshop. Similar project was under execution for Thambaram
and Pallavaram areas where R.C.C pipes were found to crack and fail. Therefore
pressure-relief valves, air valves zero-pressure and scour valves were introduced and
Thamararpakkam was successfully commissioned and handed over to Metro-water
Board in 1979.
Due to spurt in population, the supply was very inadequate and Govt was examining
schemes for bringing water from Cauvery. After a study of hydrologic data it was
decided that one TMC could be drawn from Veeranam Tank by laying 2 numbers of
R.C.C pipelines of 1900 mm diameter and pumping from Veeranam lake after treating
the water at a filter plant located at Vadakuthu near Neyveli. The contract was awarded
in 1970 to M/s. Satyanarayana Bros who imported technology from Greek. The pipes
were of 1900 mm diameter of special precast RCC, manufactured and cured by
vacuum process which could be handled immediately after casting. The pipes were
manufactured at 2 factories located at Thirukalukundram and Panruti. Project was
manned by staff from the PWD under the supervision of Er. M.E. Hussain. The building
materials were supplied by the department. The manfacture and laying of pipes was the
responsibility of the contractor. After 2 years the manufacturing process got stopped
due to paucity of funds with the contractor and doubts which arose regarding the type of
joining arrangement of the pipe segments. A Committee headed by Dr. G.S.
Ramasamy, Director of S.E.R.C, Madras, examined the Greek Technology and opined
that it was not satisfactory. The project had to be abandoned in 1965 after
manufacturing 201 pipes and preparing the routes of the pipelines.
Though many proposals were under examination none was executed until 2004 when
the State Government took up the same Veeranam-Pipeline Scheme with aid from
World Bank and adopting steel pipes of 1750 mm diameter undeterred by lot of
criticism. Filter plant was located at Kadamaplayam and 250 km of pipelines were laid
and distribution system was built at Porur for supplying 180 Mgd. The project cost was
Rs.800 crores.
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160
A minor shallow well-field was identified by Ground water Department in 1970 adjoining
the old Mahabalipuram Road near Kelambakkam and this area was handed over to
Metro water who executed the scheme in 1975 and integrated it with the distribution
system.
The PWD was examining schemes of bringing water from Cauvery river as it would be
more reliable and controllable. The chief engineer irrigation Er. Manavalan had
investigated through the services of Er. Mohanakrishnan and evolved a scheme in 1980
to bring water through an open canal from Kattalai-bed-regulator. At the same time
Er. C.A. Srinivasan investigated a scheme to create a storage above Sathanur
Reservoir across Ponniar and then a scheme to extend Mettur Highlevel Canal and also
to run an open channel from Cauvery (near Pallipalayam) and to feed into Velachery
lake.
These
alternatives
were
discussed
with
the
Chief
Minister
(Thiru. M.G. Ramachandran) and Chief Secretary and it was ordered that the scheme
to run an open-canal from Kattalai could be taken up. An order was also issued to
implement it by appointing Er. Manavalan as special chief engineer. But it was not
pursued and implemented. The PWD reinvestigated the same scheme by a special
division in 1990 and evolved a scheme to bring 950 mld of water by pumping through
pipe-line 280 km long instead of open channel and the same could not be reopened. As
this alternative of bringing Cauvery water would ensure better control and realization,
the Metrowater have now settled a consultancy to explore scheme for Cauvery water.
In 1948 the Government sanctioned investigation of Krishna-Pennar Project which
encouraged construction of a storage across Krishna and excavating a canal south upto
Pennar River where also a reservoir would be created. This would be an irrigation canal
of over 1200 km long designed to carry 16000 cusecs and this canal was proposed to
be brought upto Poondy to augment supplies to Chennai city. Investigation was made
thoroughly, designed in detail and model studies conducted at I.R.S Poondy and
finalized in 1951. The investigation was conducted Er. T.P. Kuttiammu and
Er. Mahadevan under Er. N.Padamanbha Iyer who was the Superintending Engineer.
The project was opposed by politicians of Andhra Pradesh and they agitated for a
separate state which was formed in November 1953.
Scarcity of water in the city was becoming very acute. Khosla Committee had
recommended in 1951 that dependable scheme could be only from Krishna river. The
Prime Minister of India (Tmt. Indra Gandhi) conducted a meeting of Chief Ministers of 3
states of Maharashtra, AP and Karnataka and persuaded them to give 5 TMC each
from their shares to Tamilnadu. Agreement was signed in 1983. It was agreed that AP
would release 15 TMC through a project known as Telugu Ganga and that 12 TMC
would be entered into Tamilnadu every year. Meeting of Chief Ministers were held on
15-06-78, 19-08-82 at Hyderabad. Draft agreement was signed on 18-04-83. Total cost
of the project of Telugu Ganga canal was was estimated at Rs.1900 crores and Tamil
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161
Nadu released Rs.521 crores as its share and AP promised to release at first 3 TMC by
9/96 after holding a meeting on 18-07-86. 73.366 TMC was received upto 10-10-96.
Due to heavy rains Telugu Ganga breached at many places. After repairs water was
released on 26-06-97 and released 2.29 TMC. Meeting was held on 18-1197 for
arresting the leakages and Rs.44.21 crores was spent between 24-07-98 and 10-11-98,
and 2.837 TMC was realised. The estimate of Telugu Ganga Project was raised to
Rs.2311 crores and share of Tamilnadu was increased to Rs.634.40 crores.
The Sathya Sai Baba Trust lined and improved Telugu Ganga canal in the year 2004 to
2008 over 81 km at a cost of Rs.200 crores. Consequently realisation in Chennai got
appreciably increased.
The Canal in Tamilnadu reach called Krishna water - canal was 25.32km long and cost
was Rs.40.44 crores and one special circle with 4 divisions was created. Project was
started in 1984 and completed in 2000. In 2002, the length of 4 km got damaged due to
rains and Rs.71.88 lakhs spent to repair. Along with this canal, the F.R levels of Red
Hills was raised by 600 mm adding a capacity of 12.75 Mm3. FRL of
Chembarambakkam tank was raised by 600 mm adding a capacity of 14.85 Mm3. A
Link canal was cut between Sathymurthy Sagar and Chembarambakkam tank for
augmenting the storage capacity. All these works were done in 1981 at a cost of Rs59
crores.
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162
The quantities of water realized in various years though Krishna canal are given
below
Year
Realization
Year
Realization
96-97
0.076
06-07
5.183
97-98
2.29
05-06
2.09
98-99
2.81
04-05
2.718
00-01
6.68
03-04
0.21
01-02
0.40
06.07
5.183
163
Encroachment Eviction Act of 2007 was enacted PWD department are evicting the
encroachments and restoring the tanks to standards. These tanks which have been
receiving 2 or 3 fillings from rains are found to be useful to the community. The list
includes Korattur, Ayambakkam, Nemilicherry, Thamabaran Puduthangal, Perungudi,
Velachery Pallavaram and Maduravoyal tanks, PWD have evited encroachments from
1729 tanks in the state upto 2010 throughout the state.
Two tanks to store excess water of Krishna water - canal were proposed at Ramanjeri
and Thirukkandalam and were considered but dropped due to resistance from villagers
whose lands would get affected. Similarly a dam across Adayar below
Chembarabakkam near Thiruneermalai was considered but dropped as it would affect
the road-traffic
2001
New Veeranam Project (II Stage) sanctioned in August 1993 for Rs464 crores to
supply 190 mld to city is proposed to be modified to cater to settlements and
towns in and around Veeranam.
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164
1964
The first R.C.C jetty was built near Keelakarai for landing the fish especially
conches.
1970
1978
SETHUSAMUDRAM PROJECT
1964 December
As a follow-up measure a project circle was formed in May 1965 at Chennai with one
Superintending Engineer (Er. K.R.Ramasamy) and one project officer (Thiru. R.
Natarajan I.A.S) and one chief engineer of Er. R. Venkateswaran (Retired Chief
Engineer of Cochin port). A project division headed by one executive engineer
(Er. K. Ramalingam) was formed at Ramanathapuram and 2 sub divisions were formed
at Mandapam camp.
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165
The State Port officer had already studied the various alternative routes for the ship
canal and finalized one near Uchipuli in the main land and started collecting F.M.
sketches and preparing schedules for acquiring land for formahon of canal.
Meanwhile,Mr.T.T.Krishnamachari the Finance Minister at New Delhi had to resign due
to some misunderstandings and the project execution was asked to be converted into
detailed investigation of the scheme. Tide and wind observation were continued and
experiments to ascertain probable cost of excavation in land-portion were carried out.
Experiments for subsoil characteristics were carried both on land and under sea. One
powered-launch equipped with echo-sounder, current meters and other equipment and
complementary boats were purchased. Routes were marked inside sea by erecting
tripods with 35 mm diameter M.S. rods. As the alignment on mainland revealed coral
and soft-rock in certain boreholes, the exploration was shifted to Rameswaram Island
and the alignment finalized by Mr.Bristow in 1922 was traced and explorations repeated
until 1968 May Er. Venkateswaran chief engineer prepared a project report based on
these explorations for a cost of Rs.40 crores to cater to ships of 32 feet draft. The report
sent to Govt of India was not considered favourably. Calendar of further events are
given below :
1971
1975
1981
1983
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166
forecasting
surplus
of
1995-96
The project was not sanctioned and the State Govt wanted to update the
scheme cost and benefits and entrusted the work with the Pallavan
Transport Consultancy services who submitted the report in March 1996 for
a value of Rs.685 crores (for 30 feet draft) Rs.760 crores (for 31 feet draft)
and Rs1200 crores (for 35 feet draft ). The report was sent to Govt of India
and was not considered.
1997
1998
NEERI cleared the project for execution in stages but suggested that the
alignment to be shifted towards east cutting the Adams bridge instead of
land.
2002-04
2004
The project was sanctioned and dredging was started and almost
completed in the Bay of Bengal. At this time PIL was filed in the Supreme
Court to stop the project as it would remove the Adams Bridge considered
sacred as a bridge built by Sri Rama of ancient yore. Supreme Court
directed the Government to explore alternate alignment.
2010
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167
Under scheme known as Filter Point Tubewells Scheme. 525 filter point
wells were sunk meeting the irrigation needs in the off-season.
1958-60
1965-1990 The following lift irrigation schemes were executed in Vennar river basin.
Details are given below:Sl.No.
Name
Year
Ayacut acres
Pump HP
Nos
Magar
1978
400
20
Thullaurlagam
1974
551
20
Melaththondalekadu
1970
337
25
Villangadu(Rs.1.70Lakhs)
1975
440
20
Karayankadu
1990
379
25
Keelathondalakkadrai(Rs.2.80Lakhs)
1977
700
25
Korkarthalalkadu (Rs.1.40Lakhs)
1972
740
20
Sekal
1957
397
35
1962
740
30
10
Moovanallur
1978
657
40
11
Thenpathi Thalayamangalam
1984
560
50
12
Karpaganathandalam
1973
350
35
13
Valavanar
1962
1970
35
14
Vanduvanchery
1986
455
20
15
Ayakarambalam
1956
758
20
16
Thennadar
1962
1040
20
17
1973
450
20
18
Thagattur
1951
1339
35
19
Umbalachery
1974
300
20
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168
20
Aymoor I
1957
717
30
21
1970
500
40
22
1979
573
20
23
1965
1611
20
24
Velankanni (6 lakhs)
1965
1264
20
During 1969-1990 The following schemes were executed in Thanjavur District :SL.No.
Name
Year
Ayacut acres
Pump HP
Nos
Arasapttu
1980
700
40
Chinnaparuthu Kottai
1989
331
25
Okkanadu Keelayur
1969
2200
110
Poyyunda Kundragadu
1990
455
20
Kollukkadu
1982
664
20
1982
1985-86
342 wells were sunk and Rs.78.18 lakhs spent Vellalapatti river-pumping
schemes was executed benefiting 181.62 acres at a cost of Rs.35.87lakhs.
1986-87
1987-88
executed drought-amelioration schemes to provide drinking water. The nonofficial chairman was replaced by the Secretary, P.W.D from 1988. Provided
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
169
Govt
Tubewells
Private
Tubewells
Total
Govt
Tubewells
Private
Tubewells
Total
1950-51
1975-76
2847
2083
4930
1951-52
1976-77
1901
5243
7144
1952-53
1977-78
3448
4247
7695
1953-54
674
877
1551
1978-79
3458
4219
7677
1954-55
786
916
1702
1979-80
3422
4665
8087
1955-56
790
1154
1944
1980-81
3510
4234
7744
1956-57
790
1007
1797
1981-82
3516
4199
7715
1957-58
778
1156
1934
1982-83
4264
57214
61478
1958-59
849
1339
2138
1983-84
4216
58841
63057
1959-60
730
1012
1742
1984-85
4316
54435
58751
1960-61
695
944
1639
1985-86
4295
58608
62903
1961-62
652
1022
1674
1986-87
4079
67816
71895
1962-63
653
1538
2191
1987-88
4087
78055
82142
1963-64
900
1877
2777
1988-89
4521
82094
86615
1964-65
884
1942
2826
1989-90
4529
81947
86476
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Year
170
Year
Govt
Tubewells
Private
Tubewells
Total
Year
Govt
Tubewells
Private
Tubewells
Total
1965-66
1354
449
1803
1990-91
3163
86584
89747
1966-67
1765
167
1942
1991-92
3716
94949
98665
1967-68
1870
167
2037
1992-93
3951
104391
108342
1968-69
4075
174
4249
1993-94
3934
105762
109696
1969-70
4836
868
5704
1994-95
3444
120769
124213
1970-71
3730
756
4486
1995-96
3240
134076
137316
1971-72
24129
788
24917
1996-97
2513
15968
18481
1972-73
18076
1265
19341
1997-98
2312
143132
145444
1973-74
17602
536
18138
1998-99
1978
148326
150304
1974-75
4156
1418
5574
1999-2000
1979
160636
162615
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171
1970-1974 After explorations were completed, the team was converted into Ground
water Directorate and they executed the projects of drilling tube wells in
Panjetty and Minjur areas and laying pipes and bringing 13 Mgd of water to
Madras area for distribution of water to industries like Railways, M.R.L,
M.F.L. and other industries.
05-08-74
1977
1978
The Scheme for a 34 Km long pipeline collecting 11 Mgd ground water from
about 30 wells in Thamaraipakkam belt of Kosastalayar area was handed
over to Metrowater for distribution to industries.
1975
Collector - well and infiltration gallery were laid in Palar river-bed near
Panankattuchery and scheme to supply 3 Mgd of water to Madras Atomic
Power Plant at Kalpakkam was put into operation (Rs.90lakhs). The
capacity was enhanced to 5 Mgd from 1990 onwards by laying
supplemental pipelines. A scheme to supply 1 Mgd to supply water
Maramalainagar was executed. A similar project to supply 3 Mgd of water to
B.H.E.L plant was completed near Katpady by putting infiltration gallery in
Palar river-bed and an intake-tower.
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173
Conjunctive use of ground and surface water was studied in a part ayacut of
Krishnagiri Reservoir and recommendations given by digging 50 extra wells
so that irrigation ayacut can be extended over 50% of area and yield also
increased.
1983-85
PWD had constructed 2 check dams about 1.8 m high across 2 arms of
kosastalayar near Sadayankuppam to arrest further ingress of sea-water in
response to complaints of the farmers in the area. Northern bed dam had
collapsed in the year 1995 and PWD have not repaired.
1991-93
2002
2003-04
2008-09
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174
Rs.4000. Others are eligible for 50% subsidy. So far 33802 wells were
approved by State Level Steering Committee and 11452 were constructed.
2003
1.2.
It extends to the whole of the State of Tamil Nadu except the areas to which the
Chennai Metropolitan Area Groundwater (Regulation) Act, 1987 extends.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
well means a well sunk for search or extraction of groundwater and includes
an open well, dug well bore well, dug-cum-bore well, tube well, filter point,
collection well or infiltration gallery, but does not include a well sunk by the
Government or Central Government for carrying out scientific investigation,
exploration, development or management work for the survey and assessment
of groundwater resources or a well sunk by a small or marginal farmer.
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The Authority shall have power to direct and regulate the Development and
Management of groundwater resources in the State consistent with, conserving
it and ensuring its optimal and efficient utilization.
3.6
The Authority may, in the manner prescribed, lay down or adopt standards for
quality of water, depending on the kinds of water use. In doing so it shall pay
regard to the standards evolved by institutions either statutorily empowered or
technically competent to do so.
a.
b.
c.
d.
one full time technical officer in the rank of Chief Engineer, Public Works
Department, who shall also be the Member-Secretary.
7.4.
The term of office, the manner of filling the vacancies and other conditions
of service of non-official members of the Authority shall be such as may be
prescribed.
8.1
9.1.
If in the opinion of the Authority, it is in the public interest to notify any area
for developing groundwater or to regulate the extraction or use, or both of
groundwater in any form, in such area, it may subject to the provisions of
sub-section (2), from time to time, by notification, declare such area to be a
notified area with effect on and from such date as may be specified therein.
10.1
Every user of groundwater in the notified area immediately before the date
of publication of the final notification under section 9 in respect of that area
shall, within a period of forty-five days from the date specified in such
notification, apply to the Authority, in such form and in such manner as may
be prescribed for the grant of a certificate of registration:
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10.2
10.3
The Authority may on its own motion, take steps to register the wells
existing and in use on the notified date.
11.1
No person shall, either himself or through any person on his behalf, engage
in sinking any well or any other activity connected therewith in any notified
area without obtaining a permit:
Provided that this sub-section shall not apply for sinking of well or extraction
or use of groundwater for domestic purpose.
11.2
Any person desiring to sink a well in a notified area, for any purpose other
than domestic purpose, shall apply to the Authority in such form and in
such manner together with such fee as may be prescribed for the grant of a
permit.
12.1
All the wells sunk in the State on or after the date of commencement of this
Ordinance shall be registered, including the wells in the areas not notified
under section 9, with the Authority in such manner as may be prescribed.
13.1
14.1
No person, either himself or through any person on his behalf, shall, after
expiry of a period of thirty days from the date of commencement of this
Ordinance carry on the business of sinking of well or extraction of
groundwater or any activity connected therewith, by drilling or boring, in any
notified area without obtaining a licence.
14.2
Any Person desiring to carry on the business of sinking of well shall apply to
the Authority in such form and in such manner together with such fee as
may be prescribed for the grant of a permit.
16.
16(a)
16(b)
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22(b)
22(d)
fails to comply with the requisition made under the provisions of this
Ordinance;
22(f)
he shall be punishable.
i.
for the first offence, with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees;
ii.
for the second and subsequent offences, with fine which may extend to two
thousand rupees; and
iii.
25.
26.
178
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179
METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Systematic observation of rainfall has a long history in India because these climatic
variables impact so broadly on the economy. The Indian Meteorological Department is
a Central Government agency and is organized exclusively to provide the fullest range
of meteorological services to the Nation. The State Irrigation Agencies require rainfall
and climatic data for developing rainfall-runoff relationship in river basins and for design
and operation of irrigation systems, and have commonly supplemented other sources of
information with their own networks of rainfall and climatic stations.
The project will upgrade and repair the existing facilities at rainfall and climatic stations
and expand the networks of the Surface water Irrigation agencies in the participating
states.
The World Bank is reimbursing the expenditure as detailed below :
*
Civil Works
Goods
Incremental Staff
Salaries, incremental
O&M cost.
50% thereafter.
180
SAR Target
1995-96
891.630
53.510
1996-67
1013.650
179.470
1997-98
753.590
625.000
1998-99
380.320
1086.130
1999-2000
343.660
798.410
2000-2001
481.820
3864.70
826.750
Total
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181
FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS:
II.
III.
During 2000-2001 fiscal year Rs.1.05 crores has been spent on Civil Works,
equipments etc. Out of Rs.9.36 crores allotted. Bids have been invited to
the tune of Rs.3.50 crores and will be finalized before the end of August
2000.
IV.
V.
Entire grant was spent before the end of Financial Year 2001-2002.
II.
III.
IV.
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182
CHAPTER NO.28
INTERLINKING RIVERS
In 1950, the composite Madras Presidency of which Tamilnadu formed a part, had a
water potential of about 6000 TMC. But the reorgainsation of states on linguistic basis
has left Tamilnadu with a meager potential of 1260 TMC. The all India average waterpotential per capita is about 0.09 Mcft. While that of Tamilnadu is 0.026 Mcft which is
second lowest among the states in the country next only to Rajastan even though the
state can boast as one of the best irrigated state. The minimum per-capita need for
comfortable living is 0.035 Mcft. The surface water-potential is almost fully exploited in
Tamilnadu and there is no scope of any new major river-valley projects. GOI had
initiated the following steps to help equitable distribution over the Country.
1972
1980
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184
1982
1987
2000-01
NWDA evolved detailed plan for Pamba-Achankoil diversion. PandyarPunnapuzha scheme being pursued by state with Kerala for generation of
power and to use tail - end water for irrigation.
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
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185
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186
1980 Tranquebar : Coast for about 500 meters north of the port had been under
erosion and a temple located on the coast. Stone groyne was constructed along this
coast in the British period. But the coast is under continuous erosion.
Thiruchendur Holy temple of Muruga was directly exposed to sea-waves and in 1970
the trustees of the temple had constructed RM wall under the guidance of engineers of
Tuticorin Port. It was progressively extended seawards. A RMS wall had also been
constructed to protect temple of Valli. These walls are being maintained. Reach
between Gandhi Mandapam and Kanyakumari (Reach between Gandhi Mandap and
Swimming Pool).
The rocky coast had got weathered and to prevent its erosion from affecting the Road,
Government had sanctioned R.M.S wall at a cost of Rs.3.2 lakhs Kanykumari coast:The following are some of the damages
Year
No of
Houses
Loss Rs.
Year
No of
Houses
Loss Rs.
1969
97
4600
1974
64
70000
1970
110
5600
1975
13
1000
1971
32
40000
1976
44
50000
1972
61
60000
1977
37
17000
1973
191
200000
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187
1995-96
1999-2000
Royapuram Beach : The report of No.7/88 of I.R.S. Poondy gave details of problem of
erosion dating back to 1875 when the Madras Port was completed. By 1956, the Coast
had shifted landwards by 700 metres from 1875. The shoreline south of the Harbour
shows progressive advance of coast into the sea. In 1952 a length of 528 m was
protected by RMS wall at a cost of Rs.14.50 lakhs. Fisheries Harbour was constructed
in 1975 and this has caused further erosion. The CWPRS had carried out modelstudies (Specific note 1623 of February 1977). They had recommended nourishment of
beach rather than construction of RMS walls. In 1990 State Government had appointed
an expert committee (G.O. MS Mo.127 dt 20-01-90) to examine the ineffectiveness of
the protection works due to malpractices (Er. K.Ramalingam was chairman,
Er. Sethurathnam and Er. K.N.Rajamanikkam were the members). The Committee
studied the report No.23/82 of I.R.S Poondy dealing with the shoreline behaviors along
Madras. It was estimated in IRS report of July1989 that 29.16 hectares of land had
been lost during the previous 9 years. The Committee had estimated on the basis of old
maps that 350 hectares had been lost. Total cost incurred by the state was found to be
Rs.1 crore upto 1989. Erosion was found to be between kilometer stones of 4/500 and
13/150. The erosion had gone up to road in 1982 and it had crossed the road at many
points especially at Bharathiyar Nagar. The Govt sanctioned model studies at Poondi in
their orders (522 dt 21-03-80, 261 dt 27-12-88) and they had recommended building of
off-shore R.M. discontinuous break near each 100 metres and with gaps of 100 meters
covering a length of 1.90 kilometers along 3.0 metre contour. (Report No.5/83,2/84, 1
1/86 and 11/86) parallel to the shore. They have also felt that the shore would get
stabilized after construction of the proposed Satellite Port at Ennore. The field people
are not in a position to construct such discontinuous structures inside the sea and are
constructing R.M.S walls along coast as per recommendations of 1996 committee.
A workshop was conducted on 26-11-96 to study the behavior and suggest measures
to mitigate erosion.
Veeranam Pipe Proposal :
The General Manager Tamilnadu Construction Corporation gave a proposal for
protecting the reach between 12/700 to 12/900 on an experimental basis. Veeranam
Pipes of 2m diameter and 6 m long were lying unused as that project was abandoned.
They were brought and sunk into the coast along 2 rows at 3 metre intervals. Pipes
were filled with sand and bottoms and tops were sealed with concrete 1:2:4. The geo
fabric filter was provided in between the 2 rows and concrete tetra pods were piled in
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
188
this space. One row of tubular gabion was also provided between the 2nd row of pipes.
To protect the fabric and tubular gabion from direct exposure one row of heavier stones
of 500 kg weight were stacked. The cost of this 200 metre reach came to Rs.5 crores.
But the erosion could not be stopped.
2002
Adayar river banks which were getting eroded were protected under
Anti-sea-erosion works as ordered in G.O. No.265 dt 18-7-02.
2002
2006-2007
Rs.50 crores sanctioned under post Tsumani protection works as grantin-aid as recommended by Highlevel Committee. 30 works sanctioned
and Rs.19.771 crores issued.
Ennore Shore :
Littoral drift is closing the mouth of river Kosaastalayar and mouth prone to shift. The
Ennore Thermal Station having an installed capacity of 450 MW depends for its coolant
water on the backwaters of this creek. Two sand-pumps each of 175 tonnes per hour
capacity were installed in 1970 on 2 R.C.C trestle 302.5 metre long. These pumps
could never be commissioned due to cavitation problems. A cutter-suction dredger with
a capacity of 345 m3 per hour is dredging the basin to induct water from sea. In 1980
the sea-mouth had moved towards north away from the sand-pumps-trestles. The
construction of Ennore Port was started in 1986.
2004-2006
2006-2010
The State Government had not allotted any funds for Royapuram antierosion work during 2006-2010. The budget for 2010-2011 is Rs.66
lakhs.
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189
1893
1910
1924-25
1927-28
1928-29
Architect designed building for Pathology Block for General Hospital and
Director of Public Instruction. Expenditure on capital works Rs.271042.
Construction of Ophthamology block at Rs.4.03 lakhs and offices for
Superintending Engineer and Executive engineer and quarters for
Superintending Engineers.
1929-30
1930-31
1932-33
1933-34
1935-36
1936-37
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190
1950-51
1951-52
1954
1955
1960-61
1962
1964
1967
Rs.
5.9 lakhs
Rs.
8.5 lakhs
Rs.
0.85 lakhs
8.80
5.00
14.10
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191
Cuddalore Port
139.54
10.96
9.90
208.00
8.50
-------------------Rs. 402.91 Lakhs
--------------------
Total
1969-70
1970-71
Additional buildings for Govt Hospital at Udumalpet for Rs.7.51 lakhs and 32
bedded Hospital at Cumbum, Singampunari and Sriperumbudur (Rs.9.70
lakhs) and upgrading Government dispensary at Jayankondam into Taluk
HQ Hospital. Arignar Anna Memorial Cancer Hospital at Irukkai (Rs.5.00
lakhs). Family Planning Centres (Rs.92000 each) completed at 41 places &
68 PH centres.
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
8723 quarters completed for Police subordinates and handed over (749
lakhs) and further 761 quarters were completed for Rs.181 lakhs. Family
Planning Centres at 374 places sanctioned for Rs.345 lakhs. 342 completed
out of sanction of Rs.175 lakhs for 1391 family planning centres 342
completed. 65 nos of P.H.Cs completed Fishing Harbour at Tuticorin for
Rs.210 lakhs taken up and completed breakwaters, wharfies, Jettilies
dredging and slipway and handed over to Port Department Approach roads
taken up in 4/69 completed.
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192
1976
1979-80
12.00
12.00
5.00
1.10
10.17
9.17
8.00
3.86
36.14
7.80
2.63
7.06
2.50
1982-83
Rs.771.52 lakhs
Police quarters at 9 places for 119 persons and 21 police stations Rs.864.41 lakhs
Cyclone shelters at 32 places phase 1 completed
Cyclone shelters II phase at 50 places taken up at Rs.3 lakh each Rs.150.00 lakhs
20 Additional cyclone shelters sanctioned a Rs.3.9 lakhs each
Rs.100.00 lakhs
1983-84
1984-85
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193
1985-86
1986-87
Rs.477.44 is budget.
1987-88
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
Plan schemes Rs.28.89 crores and non-plan Rs.0.9 crores 7 new schemes
sanctioned for Rs.15crores.
1995
1996-97
1997-98
194
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
Rs.131.69 crores
195
Rs.
9.88 crores
Rs.
5.50 crores
Rs.
4.5119 crores
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196
197
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
198
199
VALLAL
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
200
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
201
202
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
203
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
204
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
205
206
Sanctioned Circle
Existing Divisions
Proposed Divisions
1.
Buildings
(Maintenance) Circle,
Madras
2.
2.Buildings
(Construction) Circle,
Madras
Building Division, I
Madras
Bldg. Division. II,
Madras
Bldg. Division. III,
Madras
Bldg. Division. IV,
Madras
I.P.P.V. Bldg. Division,
Madras
Bldg. Division,
Kancheepuram
3.
Buildings
(Maintenance &
Construction), Circle,
Vellore
4.
Buildings
(Maintenance &
Construction), Circle,
Salem
5.
Buildings
(Maintenance &
Construction), Circle,
Erode
Bldg Division,
Coimbatore
Bldg. Division Erode
IUDP Division,
Coimbatore
Coimbatore Division,
Coimbatore
Bldg.
Constn.Division.Coimbatore
Bldg. Constn. Dn., Erode
IUDP Constn. Division.,
Coimbatore
Bldg. Maintenance Division,
Coimbatore
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
207
SI.
No
6.
Sanctioned Circle
Existing Divisions
Proposed Divisions
Buildings
(Maintenance)
Bldg. Maintenance
Division, Trichy
Circle, Erode
Trichy Division,
Bldg. Maintenance
Trichy
Division,
Thanjavur
Division, Thanjavur
Bldg. Maintenance Division,
Pudukottai Division,
Pudukottai
Pudukottai
Thanjavur Bldg.
Maintenance
Bldg. (Maintenance)
Division,
Nagapattinam
7.
Buildings
(Construction)
Circle, Trichy
8.
Buildings
(Maintenance) Circle,
Madurai
9.
Buildings
(Construction) Circle,
Madurai
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Bldg. Division,
Paramakudy
208
SI.
No
10.
Sanctioned Circle
Existing Divisions
Proposed Divisions
Buildings
(Maintenance &
Construction) Circle,
Tuticorin
RTSB Division,
Virudhunagar Div,
Virudhunagar
Tirunelveli
Division.Tirunelveli
11.
Buildings
(Maintenance &
Bldg. Maintenance Division,
Construction) Circle,
Tirunelveli
Tirun
12.
Planning and
Designs (B) Circle,
Madras
13.
Electrical Circle
Madras
14.
Electrical Circle
Madurai
Electrical Division,
Trichy
Electrical Division,
Sivaganga,
Electrical Division,
Madurai
15.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
209
tpUJefh;>
J}j;Jf;Fb>
210
midj;Jk; Kjd;ikj;
fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,aq;Fk;.
jiyikg;
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(fl;llk;)>
nrd;id
mth;fspd;
,izg;G-2
jiyikg; nghwpahhs; (fl;llk;)> nrd;id kz;lyk;> nrd;id mth;fspd;
fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,aq;Fk; mYtyfq;fs;
tl;lq;fs;
Nfhl;lq;fs;
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
211
,izg;G-3
jiyikg; nghwpahsh; (fl;llk;)> jpUr;rp
fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,aq;Fk; mYtyfq;fs;
tl;lq;fs;
kz;lyk;>
jpUr;rp
mth;fspd;
Nfhl;lq;fs;
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
212
,izg;G-4
jiyikg; nghwpahhs; (fl;llk;)> kJiu
fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,aq;Fk; mYtyfq;fs;
tl;lq;fs;
kz;lyk;>
kJiu
mth;fspd;
Nfhl;lq;fs;
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
213
kw;Wk;
guhkhpg;G
Nfhl;lk;>
Col. J.H.Bell
1860-62
Lt.Col. Hostey
1862-63
Col.W.I. Beruvoa, RE
1867-70
1863-71
C.A ossr RE
1871-72
Col. T. Corpendale, RE
1872-77
1877-79
E.A. Foorore, RE
1870-82
J. Mullings, RE
1879-83
1882-90
1883-86
1886-87
Let. Col J Penny Cuick, CSIRE Chief Engineer irrigation and buildings
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
214
Capt. Cotton
``
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
215
1987-88
1888-92
C T Walck
1892-96
1896-98
1896-01
W. Hughes
1895-05
1886-70
John Cummins
1901-03
Col. AW Smart, RE
------
1903-05
A.H. Gannet
1905-06
J.P. Davidson
1906-10
1906-13
C.A.Smith, CIE
1910-14
H.E. Clerk, OE
1913-14
S.D. Pears
1914-19
S.B. Murray
1917-21
W.J. Harley
1919-23
W. Helton
1921-23
1923-26
M.R. Karregat
1923
1923-25
P. Hawkins CIE
1926-28
W.C. Molesworth
1927-28
C.I. Mullings
1926-31
R F Stoney
1926-34
N. Swaminatha Iyer
1926-34
1933-35
R. Narasimha Iyengar
1934-36
V. Hart
1936-38
M. Obrien
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216
1936-40
F.M. Dowley
1938-40
H.R. Dogra
1939-40
J. Westardale
1940-42
L. Venkateskrishna Iyer
1942-45
E.H. Chave
1943-45
N. Govindaraja Iyengar
1947
1949
1949
1945-52
1949-52
1952-55
1953-56
1955-63
1958-65
1959-68
1968
J.I. Coil Pillai Directly recruited as A.E.E Chief engineer for irrigation and for
Surgrical Instruments factory of Nandambakkam and Chairman-and
administrator for Tuticorin Harbour - very dynamic engineer responsible for
prodding execution of Sethusamudram Project.
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
217
1965
1967-69
1970
M.E. Hussain Chief Engineer irrigation and general and also Veeranam
Project. Superintending Engineer for Pullambadi project very hard task
master.
1970
1971
V. Muthukrishnan
1972
K.D. Karambayya
Chief Engineer buildings and responsible for
building family planning centres in the state. Built the petroleum refinery
plant at Manali.
1972
1972
1972
1973
1973
1974
1975
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
218
1975
1975
1975
1976
1976
1977
1977
S. Manavalan
1977
M.N.Ramanujam
1977
C.A. Srinivasan Chief Engineer G.W and general. Deputy chief engineer
(General) Managing Director of Anna Transport Corporation and Pallavan
Transport Corporation Irrigation Consultant to Philippines Government and
evolved scheme for bringing cauvery water to Chennai city to augument
water supply.
1977
1979
1979
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219
1979
1979
S.J. Ambrose
Chief Engineer irrigation and General. Very popular and
sympathetic to colleagues and subordinates.
1981
A. Mohanakrishnan
Chief Engineer Irrigation and General and
continues as Chairman of Cauvery Technical Cell. Service over 6 decades.
Awarded doctorate by Anna University Guide to Tamilnadu State Govt in all
irrigation projects, disputes and chairman of various technical committees.
Longest service in the irrigation field not equaled by any other engineer.
1981
1981
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983-85
1983-85
T.K. Viswanathan Chief Engineer minor irrigation and special work of flood
relief in cauvery delta. Handled many building and irrigation projects.
1984
V. Govindan
1983
1984-85
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Chief Engineer
220
1984
K. Sadasivan
Chief Engineer IHH. Poondy after a long service in round
water wing monitoring groundwater exploration
1984
1985
M.Lakshmanaperumal
1985
L. Rajaratnam
1985
P. Srinivasan
Chief Engineer irrigation and General. Handled
investigation and execution of Veeranam Water Supply Scheme
1985
1985
1985
C.N. Margam
1986
P. Piramanayagam
1986
1986
S. Md. Mustafa
1986
L. Sivaramakrishnan
1986
1986
M. Dakshnamurthy
Chief Engineer buildings responsible for office
buildings of district collectorates.
1986
1986
1987-90
A.V. Sathyakaman
Directly recruited as AEE chief engineer buildings.
Responsible for construction of Secretariat and many fishing harbours
1987-89
1987
V.V Ramachandran
1987
P. Rangasamy
execution.
Engineer
nrg;lk;gh; - 2011
Chief
221
irrigation
and
long
association
in
1987
A. Ganesan
Chief Engineer buildings specializing in design and
construction of non residential buildings.
1987
R. Sethurathinam
1987
G.Subramaniam
1987
T.R. Varadan
1987
C.P.Thambiannan
1987
R.Sridharan
IHH, Poondi
1988
01.06.1988
Er.K.Chinnaraj
Director, IMTI
01.06.1988
Er.N.Durairajan
25.04.1989
Er.K.N.Rajamanickam
07.10.1989
Er.S.R.Devasahayam
CE (Investigation)
17.11.1989
Er.V.M.Ramasamy
CE (Ground Water)
Jan-90
Er R.Vittal
IMTI, Tiruchi
March 1990
Er S.Muthuvale
Investigation
10.03.1990
Er M.K.Natarajan
Minor Irrigation
29.06.1990
Er C.Madakannu
29.06.1990
Er M.Sabaratnam
IMTI, Tiruchi
30.07.1990
Er N.K.Ramiah
Ground Water
20.08.1990
Er R.Seetharaman
Aug-90
Er U.C.Gopinath
14.09.1990
Er T.N.Kandasamy
SIPCOT
14.09.1990
Er S.M.Krishnan
Minor Irrigation
14.09.1990
Er K.Sironmani Rao
12.11.90
ErP.Vaithilingam
22.11.90
Er P.Krishnaraj
IMTI, Tiruchi
15.11.90
Ground Water
01.04.1991
Er P.Rajappa
28.05.1991
Er K.Venkatasubramanian
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222
09.08.1991
Er R.N.Krishnan
30.10.1991
Er A.Loganathan
1991
Er.B.Rathinavelu
Paper Promotion
11/1991
Er.V.Neelakanthan
11/1991
Er.P.Dharmaraj
10/1991
Er.A.M.Gajapathy
Ground Water
10/1991
Er.WSO. Kunder
Minor Irrigation
1992
Er.K.Pandy
CE, PV Project
04.03.1992
Er K.Natarajan
06.03.1992
Er C.N.Balasubramanian
Minor irrigation/IMTI
07.10.1992
Er S.Madhavan
12/1992
Er.M.Pasupathy
Sugar Corporation
12/1992
Er.K.Thirunavukkarasu
IMTI, Tiruchi
23.12.1992
Er.V.Duraisami
5/1993
31.05.1993
Er M.Kaliyaperumal
02.08.1993
Er K.O.Palanisamy
02.08.1993
Er P.Govindarajan
31.10.1993
Er P.S.Dhanasingh
Minor Irrigation
03.11.1993
Er R.Nagamanikkam
Buildings
3/1994
Er.D.Gajarajan
Technical Education
09.03.1994
Er John Thomas
Department of Fisheries
27.05.1994
Er J.M.Manoharan Chelliah
Municipal Admn
6/1994
Er Ebenezer Devadason
Co-Operative Department
30.09.1994
Er R.Jeyaraman
Director IMTI,Tiruchi
03.10.1994
Er S.S.Swaminathan
Ground Water
03.10.1994
Er Martin Inbaraj
Krishnawater Project
10.10.1994
Er S.Selvaraj
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223
Oct-94
Er C.Balasubramanian
Special Secretary
Jan-95
Er D.B.Rufus
4/1995
Er.V.Arumugamaswamy
PMG-WRCP
4/1995
Er.S.P.Subramanian
4/1995
Er.N.Thangavelu
CE, Buildings
4/1995
Er.M.Ramasubramaniam
CE,Madurai
12/1995
Er.M.P.Durairaj
12/1995
Er.R.Murugaiyan
1/1996
Er.R.Syed Badruddin
CE,Groundwater
2/1996
Er.T.Krishnamurthy
CEMadurai Region
6/1996
Er.V.J.Venugopal
7/1996
Er.D.Chengalvarayan
31.12.1996
Er G.Balakrishnan
Ground Water
31.12.1996
Er V.Thirumurthy
DRCS
1/1997
Er.R.Sadakshravelu
CE,Pollachi
4/1997
Er.S.Muthukumaraswamy
Spl Secretary
6/1997
Er.N.Srinivasan
CE, SIPCOT
6/1997
Er.Easwaramurthi
CE ,Madurai Region
6/1997
Er.S.Panchapakesan
CE,Groundwater
9/1997
Er.R.Thangarajan
CE,CoOperation/Chennai Region
9/1997
Er.M.Dhanaraju
CE,Plan Formulation
9/1997
Er.M.A.Rajasekaran
Spl Secretary
9/1997
Er.V.Muralidharan
Director,IMTI,Tiruchi
9/1997
Er.S.Kandasamy
CE,Madurai Region
11/1997
Er.C.Rajamanickam
CE, Co Operation
11/1997
Er.S.Krishnamurthy
11/1997
Er.M.S.Hariharan
Director , IMTI,Tiruchi
5/1998
Er.R.S.M.Manoharan
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224
18.05.1998
Er S.M.Arasu
Plan Formulation
25.05.1998
Er R.Krishnaswamy
Pollachi Region
19.06.1998
Er N.Dorai Raj
DRCS
22.10.1998
Er S.Rathinam
22.10.1998
Er K.Ramalingam
Chennai Corporation
22.10.1998
Er R.Nadhimuthu
31.10.1998
Er A.Veerabadran
11/1998
Er.D.Paneer Selvam
10.12.1998
Er N.Ponnusamy
4.12.1998
Er.A.Abdul Muthalief
June 1999
Er.V.Ravindran
CE, Co Operation
30.06.1999
Er.S.Alagianagalingam
June 1999
27.01.2000
Er.K.Veeraraghavan
Er.N.Jeyakumar
17.02.2000
Er.R.Subramanian
IMTI, Trichy
30.03.2000
Er.P.V.Sahadevan
17.04.2000
Er.C.Seshachalam
10.02.2000
Er.T.Subramanian
12.08.2000
Er.S.Sivaraman
CE (O&M), Chennai
08.07.2000
Er.R.Radhakrishnan
CE (Buildings), Chennai
25.08.2000
Er.A.Annamalai
CE (Co-operative) Dept.
17.04.2000
Er.T.J.Kishore Vincent
CE Chennai Corporation
26.08.2000
Er.R.Paranthaman
31.06.2000
Er.S.Purushothaman
CE (SG&SWRDC)
31.08.2000
Er.S.Kalaichelvan
10.11.2000
Er.S.Senthil Arumugam
Special Secretary
12.02.2001
14.02.2001
Er.R.Bose
CE IMTI, Trichy
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225
30.07.2001
Er.S.Muthubommu
CE (Buildings), Chennai
20.09.2001
Er.A.K.Mohamed Ismail
29.09.2001
Er.N.Kuttalam Pillai
18.10.2001
Er.M.Kandasamy
CE (Co-operative)
Er.T.Jayachandran
03.11.2001
Er.A.Kanagasabapathy
CE, IWS
Nov 2001
Er.S.Ganesan
11.01.2002
Er.R.Sankaranarayanan
12.04.2002
Er.R.Pandiyan
CE, I.W.S.
05.06.2002
Er.M.Dheenadhayalan
Special Secretary
01.07.2002
Er.R.Barathalwar
05.06.2002
Er.C.Sivaprakasam
05.07.2002
Er.M.Jayaraman
30.06.2002
Er.D.Hariram
CE, (SG&SWRDC)
31.12.2002
Er.P.R.Meenakshisundaram
31.12.2002
Er.S.Jayachandramohan
3/2003
Er.R.Ganesan
CE, P.F.
22.05.2003
CE, I.W.S.
22.05.2003
Er.S.Sankara Narayanan
21.11.2003
Er.N.Kaliappan
23.11.2003
Er.K.Raghupathy
CE (SG&SWRDC)
29.12.2003
Er.SM.Nachiappan
18.02.2004
Er.S.Shanmugam
CE (DR&CS), Chennai
01.03.2004
Er.V.Somasundaram
2/2004
Er.R.Sundarasekaran
18.02.2004
Er.S.Natarajan
04.10.2004
Er.V.Sukumar
CE, I.W.S.
30.09.2004
Er.S.Perumal
11.2001
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226
30.09.2004
Er.K.Rangaraju Gupta
30.09.2004
Er.A.Sangili
CE (SG&SWRDC)
30.09.2004
Er.T.Joseph Gnanadoss
11.12.2004
Er.R.Jagadeesan
CE (SG&SWRDC)
11.12.2004
Er.M.Palaniappan
CE, P.F.
15.12.2004
Er.R.Rengaramanujam
CE, (DR&CS)
26.05.2005
Er.K.Swathandiran
01.10.2005
Er.G.Pandiarajan
07.10.2005
Er.N.Sethupathi
14.10.2005
Er.R.Subbiah Poopandi
Special Secretary
12.12.2005
Er.V.Muthiah
CE, (O & M)
05.01.2006
CE (SG&SWRDC)
09.12.2005
Er.R.V.S.,Vijayakumar
01.06.2006
Er.T.R.V.Balakrishnan
CE (SG&SWRDC)
30.06.2006
Er.P.Mahalingam
30.06.2006
Er.K.Nallusamy
01.07.2006
Er.M.Kalyanasundaram
06.07.2006
Er.C.J.Kandasamy
CE, I.W.S.
01.07.2006
Er.P.Raman
CE (DR&CS)
30.11.2006
Er.T.Govindarajan
20.12.2006
Er.K.Rajendran
CE, (O & M)
25.05.2007
Er.S.Thiyagaajan
CE (SG&SAWRDC)
01.07.2007
Er.S.Gunabalan
CE (DR&CS)
7/2007
Er.T.Shanmugasundaram
7/2007
Er.R.Raji
CE (Buildings)
30.06.2007
Er.R.Thangaiah
CE (P.F)
7/2007
Er.M.Thanapathy
Special Secretary
7/2007
Er.K.Nagarajan
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227
08.01.2008
Er.S.S.Muniasamy
CE (SG&SWRDC)
31.01.2008
Er.M.Louis John
CE (SG&SWRDC)
16.04.2008
Er.G.Madusudan
31.08.2008
Er.C.Shanmugam
CE (SG&SWRDC)
01.09.2008
Er.D.Gridhara Rao
Special Secretary
01.09.2008
Er.P.Ramamoorthy
31.10.2008
Er.S.R.Rangan
CE (O & M)
31.10.2008
Er.S.Jeyaraman
29.12.2008
31.12.2008
12.02.2009
10.06.2009
10.06.2009
Er.D.Anbalagan
Er.S.Kumaresan
Er.M.Moorthy
Er.S.Rustham Ali
Er.S.Karunagaran
CE I.W.S.
CE (P .F)
CE Pollachi Region
CE (DR&CS)
CE (Buildings)
11.06.2009
Er.B.Mohammed Kasim
CE (Ground Water)
09.07.2009
Er.G.Panchanathan
02.11.2009
07.11.2009
03.11.2009
09.06.2010
07.07.2010
30.06.2010
30.06.2010
05.08.2010
31.08.2010
01.12.2010
07.02.2011
07.02.2011
09.02.2011
02.03.2011
06.06.2011
07.06.2011
06.06.2011
08.08.2011
08.08.2011
Er.S.Pandian
Er.A.Natarajan
Er.A.Chandrasekaran
Er.K.P.Padmavathy
Er.P.Balasubramanian
Er.P.Sivasankaran
Er.P.Jaganathan
Er.S.Visuvasaselvakumar
Er.K.R.Govindaraju
Er.S.S.Rajagopal
Er.K.Sampath
Er.R.Thangaprakasam
Er.M.Sampathkumar
Er.R.Gopalakrishnan
Er.H.J.Nanjan
Er.M.A.Selvanathan
Er.K.Vijayakumar
Er.S.Anbazhagan
Er.S.Sampath
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228
CHAPTER 32 : BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Madras Presidency Administrative Reports from the Connemara Library for year
1925 to 1939, 1944 to 1948; 1967 to 1990.
2. New Irrigation Era of Tamilnadu PWD
3. Madras information 1955-50 from Connemara Library
4. Poriyaalar Bulletins of Association of Engineers of Tamilnadu PWD
5. News Letters of Ground water
6. Eripaasanam from Minor Irrigtion (DRCS) wing.
7. 150 years History of PWD by Er. C.S. Kuppuraj
8. Nucleus Cell report of T.N.P.W.D
9. Irrigation Management role National Water Management by P.C. Mathur
10. Irrigation Reservoirs of Tamilnadu published by Irrigation Management Training
Institute, Tiruchi.
11. Papers read in the Seminar at Platinum Jubilee of department of Indian History of
University of Madras on 26 to 28 in March 2003.
12. Articles published by Dr. A Mohanakrishnan in his book Selected Papers on
Irrigation.
13. Articles and papers read at Eighth National Water Convention held from 9 to 11 of
February 2000 at Udhagamandalam
14. Irrigation cultivation statistics of the department of statistics of Tamilnadu
Government
15. Policy Notes and budget speech copies of Minister for PWD for years 1996 to 2006
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229
: 1-7-1926
Present Occupation
Cell -9941128751
E-mail-kempulingam@yahoo.co.in
2.
3.
4.
5.
Positions held:
1.
Chief Engineer (Minor Irrigation Jan to June 1984), Tamilnadu Public Works
Department
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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230
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Reports Prepared
1.
2.
3.
4.
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