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Session Description
Data center owners and commissioning agents
make three common mistakes around load bank
testing for large data center systems:
First, they typically push load bank testing
lower on the priority list and do not consider it
a critical part of the commissioning process.
Second, they use load bank testing at only one
level of the data center.
Agenda
Overview of Load Banks
Load Bank Testing and Reliability
Benefits and Economics of Load
Testing
Strategies For Commissioning And
Testing
Best Practices in Load Testing
Lessons Learned
4/26/2013
3
Load
Testing
Load
Testing
Load
Testing
Improved Availability
- Availability is defined as the percentage of time that a
system is available to perform its function(s)
Number of Failures
Maintenance
quality
All causes
Inadequate
maintenance
Failures due to
inadequate
maintenance
(%)
Excellent
311
36
11.6
Fair
Poor
Total
853
67
1469
154
22
240
18.1
32.8
16.3
Circuit
breakers
Motors
Open wire
Transformers
16.4%
20.8%
15.8%
30.6%
11.1%
System
Complexity
MTBF
Availability
Probability of
Failure (< 5 years)
2 Gen, 2UPS, 12
Loads
189 hrs.
0.9999913
16.6%
2 Gen, 2UPS, 24
Loads
100 hrs
0.9999825
31.1%
4 Gen, 4 UPS, 12
Loads Each
96 hrs
0.9999827
30.6%
Higher
Prob.
Of
Failure
Failure Rate
(Failures per year)
Downtime per
Failure (Hours)
Circuit Breaker
(Metal Clad)
0.0030
7.6
Disconnect
Switches
.006100
2.8
Bus Duct
0.01890
4.0
Inverter
1.254000
185.0
Cables
0.00387
10.0
Terminations
0.004192
11.5
Transformers
.0059
297.4
BENEFITS AND
ECONOMICS OF LOAD
TESTING
4/26/2013
1
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Treatment
Capital
Project Risk
Identification
Monitoring
and Review
Operational
Risk
Analysis
Random
Failure Risk
Evaluation
Continuous
Improvement
4/26/201
Improved Availability
- Availability is defined as the percentage of time that a
system is available to perform its function(s)
Generat
or Start
ATS
Generator
calibration
for altitude
and
temperature
Low cranking
amps
Circuit
Breaker
UPS
Commun
ications
Return to
Normal Time
Delay
Faulty Trip
due to inrush
UPS Switches
to battery
power when
Gens. Run
Time delay
and control
options need
tweaking
Faulty time
delay relay
Ground Fault
Relay sensor
imbalance
Out of
tolerance
battery
string
Upgraded
control
firmware
incompatibility
STRATEGIES FOR
COMMISSIONING AND
TESTING
Load Banks:
Generating
22
23
Data Center
24
Circuit Breaker
Facility Damage
Bus Bar
4/26/2013
HVAC
Heating Ventilation Air
Conditioning
Chillers
Cooling Towers
CRAC Units Computer Room
Air Conditioners
Humidity controllers
Economizers (outside air
blending)
34
Recovery Time
35
Harmonics
4/26/2013
4MW @ 4,160
Easy set up
Linkable for larger loads
Reduces time & labor cost
4/26/2013
Lessons Learned
Load testing is a critical and beneficial
aspect of building commissioning and
maintenance.
Thank You
Mark Siira