8/15/2016

InterviewQuestionsandAnswersForFreshers:TCP/IP
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TCP/IP
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TCP/IPINTERVIEWQUESTIONS:

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1.ExplainrangeofTCP/IPclasses
Answer:
CLASSA=1to126
CLASSB=128to191
CLASSC=192to223
CLASSD=224to239(Multicasting)
CLASSE=240to255(Research)
2.WhatarePvt.IPaddress?
Answer:Pvt.IPareIPswhicharenotusedinInternetorwhicharenotroutablein
Internet.TheyarealsocalledasnonroutableIP's.ClassA=10.0.0.0to10.255.255.255
ClassB=172.16.0.0to172.31.255.255
ClassC=192.168.0.0.to192.168.255.255
3.WhatisfunctionofRouter?
Answer:RouterisadeviceorPCwhichisusedtoconnecttwoormoreIPnetworks.

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4.WhatisDefaultGateway:
Answer:Defaultgatewayistheaddressofrouter.
5.WhatisSubnetMask?
Answer:SubnetmaskisusedtodifferentiateNetworkIDandHostIDfromagivenIP
address.Thedefaultsubnetmaskareasunder
ClassA=255.0.0.0
ClassB=255.255.0.0
ClassC=255.255.255.0
6.WhatisLoopbackaddress?
Answer:Theloopbackaddressis127.0.0.1.ThisaddressisusedtochecklocalTCP/IP
suiteorlocalmachine.
7.WhatprotocolisusedbyPING?
Answer:PingusesICMP(InternetControlManagementProtocol)
8.WhatisusedofTracert?
Answer:Tracertisatofindpathinformationbetweensourceanddesitnation.Itshowno.
ofhopsbetweensourceanddesitination.TracertalsousesICMPprotocol.

9.DifferencebetweenNetBEUIandTCP/IP
Answer:
TCP/IPNetBEUI
a.industrystandardMicrosoftpropertiery
b.IPaddressNOaddressing
c.supportsroutingNonroutable
d.Largenetworksmallnetwork
e.moreconfiugrationnoconfiguration
10.WhatisfullformofPING?
Answer:PacketInternetNetworkGopher
BASICSOFNETWORKING
1.DifferencebetweenSwitchandHub
SwitchHUB
a.Worksatlayer2worksatlayer1
b.UsesMACaddressforpacketusesbroadcastforpacketforwarding
forwarding
c.DoesnotrequiredCSMA/CDrequiresCSMA/CD
d.FasterthanHUBSlowerthanSwitch
e.FullduplexHalfduplex
f.highthroughputlowthroughput
2.ExplainAT&Tcolorcodeforstraightcableandcrosscable
Answer:
Orange/white
orange
green/white
3.whatisbandwidthofofCAT5cable
Answer:100Mbps
4.WhatistherecommandedCAT5cablelengthbetweenswitchandPC?
Answer:100meters
5.Whentousecrosscableandstraightcable
Answer:
Similardevice=crosscable
eg.switchtoswitch
PCtoPC,HubtoHUB,SwitchtoHUB,PCtorouter,routertorouter
Unsimilardevice=straightcable
eg.PCtoswitch,PCtoHUB,RoutertoSwitch
6.WhichpinsareusedinCAT5cables
Answer:pinno.1,2,3,6
pin1=tx+
pin2=tx
pin3=rx+

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pin6=rx

7.differencebetweendomainandworkgroup
Answer:
DomainWorkgroup
a.centralizednetworkmodeldecentralizednetwork
b.DomainiscontrolledbyDCNocentrailzedcontrol
c.CentralisedloginLocallogin
d.centrailseduserdatabaselocaluserdatabased
e.EasyandcentrailsedmanagementNA
f.goodforlargenetworkgoodforsmallnetwork
8.DifferenttypesofLANtopologies
a.Bustopology=10base2(Thinnet)
=10base5(Thicknet)
b.Startopology=10baseT(ethernet,10mbps)
=100baseTx(fastethernet,100mbps)
=100baseFX(fastethernetwithFibre)
=1000baseTX(gigabitethernet,1000mbps)
=1000basefx(gigabitethernetwithfibre)
c.WANtoplogies=PSTN(Publicswitchedtelephonenetwork)
=ISDN(Integratedswitcheddigitalnetwork)
=FrameRelay
=LeasedLine
=DSL(Digitalsubscriberline)
=ATM(AsyncTransferMode)
9.Explaininshortaboutall7layersofOSI
Applicationlayer=userinterfaceandapplication
Presentationlayer=Dataconversionandtransformation
sessionlayer=keepdataofdiff.applicationseperately
transportlayer=endtoendconnectivityusingportnumbers.
networklayer=logicaladdressinglikeIPaddress.
Datalinklayer=PhysicaladdressinglikeMACaddress.
Physicallayer=Physicaltransmissionofdatausing0'sand1's.

DHCP,DNSandWINS
1.WhatisDNS?
Answer:ItisusedtoresolveFQDNtoIPaddress.
2.TypesofZoneinDNS?
Answer:ForwardLookupitisusedtoresolveFQDNtoIP
ReverselookupitisusedtoresolveIPtoFQDN
3.TypesofDNSZone?
PrimaryZone:
SecondaryZone:
ADintegratedZone:
StubZone:
4.whatisNSlookup?
Answer:itisatoolusedtroubleshootDNSrelatedissues.
5WhatisDHCP?
Answer:DHCPisusedtoautomaticallyprovideIPaddresstoclientcomputers.

6.ExplainDHCP4packets.
Discover=clientsendsrequestforIP.
Offer=DHCPserversendandOfferwithIPaddress.
Request=ifclientsacceptstheIPitsendsarequesttoDHCP.
Ack=DHCPserversendsackforthesame.
7.WhatisclientreservationinDHCP?
Answer:toreserveaspecificIPforaspecificmachineorhost.

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8.WhatisWINS?
Answer:ItisusedtoresolveNetBIOSComputernametoIPaddress.
9.WhichportnumberDHCPuses?
Answer:DHCPusesUDPportnumber67and68.
BASICNETWORKINGCONCEPTS
1)WhatisWebServer?
Answer:Webserverisaserverorapplicationserverwhichhostorstoreswebsites.
Everywebsiteshouldhaveanamelikewww.vision.comandIPaddress.Eg.IIS,Apache
server,etc.
2)Whatismailserver?
Answer:Mailserverisasoftwarewhichmaintainsusermailboxes.eg:Exchangeserver
,Lotusdomino,etc
3)Whatismailclient?
Answer:Asofwareusedbyclienttoaccesstomailsstoresonmailserver.usingmail
clientsoftwareyoucansendmailandreceivemail.Eg:MicrosoftOutlook,Outlook
Express,Lotusnotes,etc.

4)WhatisProxyserver?
Answer:Itisasoftwareusedforsharingofinternetconnection.Eg.Wingate,Winproxy,
Analogproxy,etc.
5)Portnumbersforvariousapplicationandservices
Therearetotal65536portsavailable.Belowarethelistofsomewellknownports.
LDAP:389,Kerberos:88,DNS:53,SMTP:25,POP3:110,Telnet:23,NNTP:119,IMAP:143
RPC:135,HTTP:80,HTTPS/SSL:443,FTP:21
6)Whatisfirewall?
Answer:Itisasoftwareusedtoprovidesecuritytoyournetworkbynotallowing
unauthorizedaccesstoyourInternalnetworkfromExternalusers.Eg:PIXfirewall,
Checkpointfirewall,etc.
1)WhichprotocolisusedbyADSfortimesync.betweenPC's?
Answer:SNTP(Simplenetworktimeprotocol)
2)WhatisRPCprotocol?
Answer:RPCstandsforRemoteProcedureCall.Itusesportnumber135.RPCisan
interprocesscommunicationtechniquethatallowsclientandserversoftwareto
communicate.
3)WhatisCOM?
Answer:ComponentObjectModel(COM)isMicrosoft'sobjectorientedprogramming
modelthatdefineshowobjectsinteractwithinasingleapplicationorbetween
applications.
4)WhatisSNMP?
Answer:SNMPstandsforSimpleNetworkManagementProtocol).Thisprotocolis
usedtomonitorandmanagenetworkdeviceslikeSwitches,Routers,Servers,etc.SNMP
usesportUDPportnumber161and162.

NetworkingTCPlayerinterviewquestionsandanswers
ExplainTransmissionControlProtocol,TCP.
Latestanswer:TCPensuresreliableandendtoenddeliveryofsegmentsofinformation.Segmentsare
acknowledgedtothesourcewhenreceivedbythedestination.......................
Readanswer
ExplainUserDatagramProtocol,UDP.
Latestanswer:TheUDPisaconnectionless,unreliableservice.UDPmessagescanbelostand
duplicated.................
Readanswer
WhatisTCPwindowingconcept?
Latestanswer:TCPwindowingconceptisprimarilyusedtoavoidcongestioninthetraffic.Itcontrolstheamountof
unacknowledgeddataasendercansendbeforeitgetsanacknowledgement...............
Readanswer
WhatisTCPprotocol?

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Latestanswer:TransmissioncontrolProtocolisusedtoestablishcommunicationbetweennodesornetworksand
exchangedatapackets.Itguaranteesdeliveryofdatapacketsintheordertheyweresent.....................
Readanswer
WhatisUDPprotocol?
Latestanswer:UserDataProtocolisacommunicationprotocol.ItisnormallyusedasanalternativeforTCP/IP.
Howeverthereareanumberofdifferencesbetweenthem.UDPdoesnotdividedataintopackets.....................
Readanswer
TCPvs.UDP.
Latestanswer:TCPguaranteesthedeliveryofdata.UDPontheotherhand,doesnotguaranteedeliveryofdata.
TCPdeliversmessagesintheordertheyweresent.UDPhasnoorderingmechanisms....................

BasicNetworkingquestions:
1.Whatisthelengthofipv6?ImportantInterviewnetworkingquestions
Ans:128bit
2.WhereisthehubspecifiedintheOSImodel?
Ans:Physicallayer
3.DifferencebetweenTCPandUDP?
Ans:a)TCPisTransmissioncontrolprotocol.
b)Itisconnectionoriented.
c)Reliable
d)Useschecksumtodetecterrors.
UDP
a)UDPisuserdatagramprotocol.
b)Itisconnectionless.
c)Nonreliable.
d)Noacknowledgement.
4.Whatisagateway?Networkingquestions
Ans:Gatewayisadevicethatconnectstwodissimilarnetworks.Itisinapplicationlayer.
5.Namethetworoutingprotocols?
Ans:RIP&OSPF(intradomainroutingprotocol)
6.WhatistheadvantageofOSPFprotocol?
Ans:OSPF(openshortestpathfirst)basedonlinkstateroutingprotocol.Ithandleroutingefficientlyandintimely
manner.
7.WhatarethedifferentlayersintheOSImodel?BasicNetworkingquestions
Ans:DifferentlayersofOSImodel:
8.Whatisafirewall?BasicNetworkingquestions
Ans:Firewallisanetworkthatprotectsinternetfromunauthorizedaccess.Itisneedforeverycomputersystem.
proxyfirewallisatypeoffirewall.
9.Differencebetweenintradomainandinterdomainroutingprotocol?
Ans:Routingwithinanautonomoussystemisreferredasintradomainroutingprotocolandroutingbetweenan
autonomoussystemiscalledasinterdomainroutingprotocol.
10.NametheportsusedbyFTPprotocol?
Ans:FTPisfiletransferprotocol.Itcopiesfileandtransferfromonesystemtoanotherportnois20forconnection
andport21isfordatatransfer.
11.DefineNetwork?
Ans:Anetworkisacollectionofdeviceswhichareconnectedbymeansofphysicalmedialinksoritisconnectionof
twoormorenodesinarecursivemannerbyaphysicallink.
BasicNetworkinginterviewquestions
12.WhatisaLink?basicnetworkingquestions
Ans:Linkisaphysicalmediumsuchascoaxialcableoropticalfibrethatconnectstwoormorecomputersdirectly
whichformanetwork.
13.Whatisanode?
Ans:Linksarephysicalmediumthatconnectstwoormorecomputersdirectlyandthecomputeritconnectsiscalled
asnodes.
14.StatetheadvantagesofDistributedProcessing?
Ans:Theadvantagesare:
a.Security/Encapsulation
b.Distributeddatabase
c.FasterProblemsolving
d.Securitybymeansofredundancy
e.CollaborativeProcessing
15.Mentionthefactorsbywhichanetworkperformanceisaffected?
Ans:
a.No.ofUsers
b.Transmissionmediumtype
c.Hardware
d.Software
16.Namethefactorsthataffectthereliabilityofthenetwork?basicnetworkingquestions
a.Failurefrequency
b.NetworkRecoverytimeafterafailure
17.Whatarethekeyelementsofprotocols?
Ans:Thekeyelementsofprotocolsareasfollows:
a.Syntax

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Itreferstotheformatofthedata,theorderinwhichtheyarerepresented.
b.Semantics
Itreferstothemeaningofeachsectionofbits.
c.Timing
Timingrefersto:Whendatashouldbesentandhowfast.
18.MentionthekeydesignissuesofacomputerNetwork?
Ans:TheKeydesignissuesareasfollows:
a.Connectivityofthenetwork
b.CheapresourceSharing
c.CommonServiceswillhavesupport
d.Performanceofthenetwork
19.DefineBandwidthandLatency?basicnetworkingquestions
Ans:PerformanceofnetworkismeasuredinBandwidthcalledthroughputandLatencycalledDelay.Network
bandwidthisthenumberofbitswhichcanbetransmittedoverthenetworkoveracertainperiodoftime.Latency
referstothetimetakenbyamessagetotravelfromoneendofnetworktoanother.Itisstrictlymeasuredinterms
oftime.
20.Describethesituationwhenaswitchissaidtobecongested?
Ans:Itispossiblethataswitchforanextendedperiodoftimecanreceivespacketsfasterthanthesharedlinkcan
accommodateandstoresinitsmemory,thentheswitchwilleventuallyrunoutofbufferspace,andsomepacketshas
tobedropped&issaidtobecongestedstate.
21.Describesemanticgap?
Ans:Ausefulchannelincludesbothtwothingsthatistounderstandtheapplicationsrequirementsandrecognize
underlyingtechnologylimitations.Thegapbetweenwhatapplicationsexpectsordesiresandwhattheunderlying
technologycanprovideorgiveiscalledsemanticgap.
22.Whichlayersareusersupportlayers?
Ans:Usersupportlayersareasfollows:
a.Sessionlayer
b.Presentationlayer
c.Applicationlayer
23.WhatisErrorDetection?Whatarethemethods?
Ans:Duringtransmissiondatacangetcorrupted.Inordertohaveareliablecommunicationerrorsmustbe
deductedandcorrected.ErrorDetectionusestheconceptofredundancybymeansofwhichitaddsextrabitstodetect
errorsatthedestination.Theerrordetectionmethodsareasfollows:
a.VerticalRedundancyCheck
b.LongitudinalRedundancyCheck
c.CyclicRedundancyCheck
d.Checksum
24.WhatareDataWords?
Ans:Inblockcoding,messageisdividedintoblocks,eachofkbits,calleddatawords.Thesamedatawordis
alwaysencodedasthesamecodeword.
25.WhatisFraming?
Ans:Theworkofframinginthedatalinklayeristoseparateamessagefromonesourcetoadestination,orfrom
othermessagestootherdestinations,byaddingasender&destinationaddress.Thedestinationaddressisthe
addressofthepacketwhereithastogoandthesenderaddresshelpstherecipientacknowledgethereceipt.
26.WhatisErrorControl?
Ans:Errordetectionanderrorcorrectioniscalledaserrorcontrol.Ifanyframeislostordamagedintransmission
thanthereceiverinformittothatparticularsenderandasktoretransmitthoseframesbythesender.Inthedatalink
layer,errorcontrolrefersprimarilytomethodsoferrordetectionandretransmission.
27.WhatisutilityofsequencenumberinReliableTransmission?
Ans:Theprotocolspecifiesthatframesnumberinghastobedoneusingsequencenumbers.Afieldisaddedtothe
dataframesectioninordertoholdthesequencenumberofthatframe.Aswewanttominimizetheframesizewhich
willprovideunambiguouscommunication.Thesequencenumberscanwraparound.
28.WhatisMACaddress?
Ans:MediaAccessControl(MAC)layeristhedeviceaddressinthenetworkarchitecture.MACaddressisuniqueand
isusuallystoredinROMonthenetworkadaptercard.
29.WhatisthedifferencebetweenTFTPandFTPapplicationlayerprotocols?
Ans:Inordertoobtainfilesfromaremotehosttrivialfiletransferprotocolisusedbutitdoesnotprovidereliability
orsecurity.TheFileTransferProtocol(FTP)isthestandardmechanismwhichisbyTCP/IPtocopyafilefrom
hosttoanother.TCPofferservicesthatarereliableandsecure.Twoconnectionsareestablishedbetweenthehosts,
onefordatatransferandanotherforcontrolinformation.
30.Whataremajortypesofnetworksexplainit?
Ans:TwomajortypesServerbasednetwork:Inthisthereiscentralizedcontrolofnetworkresourcesanditdepends
onservercomputersforsecurityaswellasnetworkadministration
Peertopeernetwork:Inthisthecomputerscanactasbothsharingresourcesserversaswellasclientsusingthe
resources.
======================THEEND==========================

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