TUTORIAL SHEET 2

Chapter 2 Linear Measurements

[Ranging out survey lines, measurements on flat and sloping/uneven ground, errors in measurements,
tape corrections, locating objects to prepare site plan, booking readings in field book, obstacles in
measurements, conventional symbols for plotting survey works, plotting a plan using given field data.]

Ex.2-1 What is well conditioned triangle? Why it is preferred?

Ex.2-2 Explain to identify:
Main Station, Subsidiary Station, Base Line, Tie Line, Check Line, Perpendicular Offsets,
Oblique Offsets in a framework for survey.
Ex.2-3 Explain the term Ranging of a line, direct and indirect method of ranging and code of
signal to be used during ranging.
Ex.2-4 What is line ranger? What is the advantage of its use? How should it be tested and
adjusted for its proper functioning?
Ex.2-5 What is reciprocal ranging? How the ranging of a line is accomplished across a
(i) rising ground (ii) valley?
Ex.2-6 Differentiate errors from mistakes and identify some common mistakes in chaining. What
are the different errors in field observations? How does cumulative errors differ from
compensating errors?
Ex.2-7 Distinguish between absolute length, nominal length and actual length?
Ex.2-8 Name the different corrections that may have to be applied to the linear measurements?
Ex.2-9 Give a list of corrections to be applied to measurements made with chaining or tapping
and say whether it is additive or subtractive.
Ex.2-10 In locating the off-shore pier of a bridge distance was measured between two points at
same elevation with 90m steel tape. The distance to a reference point on the pier from a point
defining the bridge seat on the abutment is 85.62m. The distance was measured under a pull of
300N and at 350C. The tape was 0.1m too long when supported throughout its entire length under
a pull of 200N at temperature 680C. The mass of the tape is 3Kg and its cross-sectional area is
5.00X10-6 m2, Youngs modulus of elasticity of steel is 2.06X105 N/mm2, coefficient of expansion
is 6.45X10-6 per 0C. What is the actual distance? Calculate the corrected distance when off-shore
pier is 2m lower than the abutment. [Answer: 85.673m; 85.65m]

sanjitkc93@gmail.com

Engineering Survey I

Jigme Namgyel Engineering College

TUTORIAL SHEET 2

Ex.2-11 A survey line AB is running along different slopes as detailed below. There is a
downward slope of 1 in 10 from station A to chainage 238m. The ground has an angle elevation
of 8015` from chainage 238m to chainage 465m. There is a rise of 25m from chainage 465m to
station B having a change of 665m. All the measurements of chainage have actually been taken
along the ground. It was also found that 20m chain used for chaining was 5cm too long
throughout the work.
Calculate the correct horizontal distance from station A to station B in this case.
[Answer: 661.56m]
Ex.2-12 A base line AC was measured in two parts along two straight drains AB and BC of
length 1650m and 1819.5m with a steel tape which was exactly 30m at 250C at a pull of 100N.
The applied pull during measurement of both parts was 200N whereas respective temperatures
were 450C and 250C. The slopes of drains AB and BC were 30 and 3030`` and the deflection
angle of BC was 100 right. Find the correct length of the base line if the cross-section area of the
tape was 2.5 mm2. The co-efficient of expansion and modulus of elasticity of tape material were
3.5X10-6 per 10C and 2.1X105N/mm2 respectively.
[Answer: 3452.562m]
Ex.2-13 To measure a base line, a steel tape 30m long standardized at 150C with a pull of 100N
was used. Find the correction per tape length, if the temperature at the time of measurement was
200C and the pull exerted was 160N. Weight of the 1cm3 of steel is 0.0786N. Weight of the tape
= 8N, E= 2.1X105 kg/cm2. Co-efficient of expansion of the tape per 10C = 7.1X10-7
[Answer: 0.0026m]

sanjitkc93@gmail.com

Engineering Survey I

Jigme Namgyel Engineering College