Q1)

The equation of 3 planes are given as:

1 : + 2 = 2
2 : + 2 = 4
3 : 4 + + 5 = 9
(i)
Finding the line of intersection:
(1) Finding a common point on plane and :
Let = 0 (Since the required point has an -coordinate of 0) on 2 planes:
1 : 2 = 2 --- (1)
2 : 2 = 4 --- (2)

2 = 4 = 2
Substitute = 2 into equation (1):
2 2 = 2 =

2+2
2

=+1

Thus (0, + 1,2) lies on the line of intersection.

= 2 [Ans]
(2) Finding the direction vector of the line of intersection:
The line of intersection is perpendicular to the normal of the 2 planes:
1
1
40
Thus: ( ) = ( 2 ) (0) = (1 2)
1
2
02
Normal of plane 1

Normal of plane 2

4
4
= (3) = ( 3 )
2
2
4
The direction vector of the line can be written as = ( 3 )
2
= 4 [Ans]
0
4
So: Equation of line of intersection: = ( + 1) + ( 3 ) ,
2
2

(ii)
The 2 given informations are:
1) All 3 planes have no points in common

The plane 3 must be parallel to the line of intersection between the 2 planes
(Direction vector of line)(Normal of Plane 3 ) = 0
4
4
( 3 ) () = 0 16 + 3 + 10 = 0
2
5

3 = 6 = 2
Equation of plane 3 : 4 + 2 + 5 = 9
=2

2) Distance between this line and the plane =

By observation, a point lying on

Plane 3 = (1,0,1)

7
45

A point lying on Plane 3 = (1,0,1)

0
1
1
Fixed Vector = ( + 1) (0) = ( + 1)
2
1
1
7
45

|( )( 3 )|

=
45

| 3 |

4
1
|(+1)(2)|
5
1
4
|(2)|
5

=
45

45 =
2 + 3 = 7 or
= 2 or

|4+2(+1)+5|

4 2 +22 +52

|2+3|
45

2 + 3 = 7

= 5 [Ans]

(iii)
Substitute (2, 1, 2) into LHS of the equation of 1 :
1 = (2) + 2(1) (2) = 2
1 = 2 = 2(1) = 2
Since LHS = RHS, (2, 1, 2) lies on Plane 1 [Shown]

(0, + 1,2)

45

(iv)
Line passing through point (2, 1, 2) that is parallel to the normal of 2 :
2
1
= (1) + (0) , --- (1)
2
2

2+
= ( 1 )
2 + 2

(2, 1, 2)

Substitute Equation of the above line into Plane 2 :

Required Foot of
Perpendicular

(2 + ) + 2(2 + 2 ) = 4
5 = 6 =

6
5

Substitute = 5 into Equation (1) [Back into the equation of the line]
16

2
1
5
6

= (1) + (0) = (1) [Ans]

5
2
2
2
5

(2, 1, 2)

(v)

(1) Finding the image when a point on 1 is reflected in 2 :

=
=
2

(1)+
2
2

Image of (2, 1, 2)
when reflected in 2

2 = (1) +

2
16

4
Reflected Plane

22

2
5
5
= 2 (1) (1) = (1)

2
14
2
5

Line of intersection
between 1 and 2 also
lies on 4

(2) Finding the Normal of Plane 4 :

4
1 Vector Parallel to 4 = ( 3 )
2

(0,2,2)
0

Another Vector Parallel to 4 =

(2)

22

22

0
22
5
1
= (1) (2) = (3) = (15)
5
14
4
2
4
5

Factor out the fraction to

facilitate an easier time
performing Cross Product later

4
22
12 (30)
42
7
Normal of 4 = ( 3 ) (15) = (44 (16)) = ( 60 ) = 6 ( 10 )
2
6
1
4
60 66

7
(3) Equation of Plane 4 = ( 10 ) =
1
0
7
= (2) ( 10 ) = 0 + 20 2 = 18
1
2
7
Scalar Product form of Plane 4 : ( 10 ) = 18 [Ans]
1
Q2)

2 +
2
1
Given 1 : = ( 1 ) + (4) = ( 1 + 4 )
4 + 2
4
2
Vector joining the point (1,4,2) to any point on the line 1 =
2 +
3 +
1
( 1 + 4 ) (4) = (3 + 4)
4 + 2
2 + 2
2
3 +
Required Distance = |(3 + 4)| = (3 + )2 + (3 + 4)2 + (2 + 2)2
2 + 2
= (2 6 + 9) + (162 24 + 9) + (42 + 8 + 4)
= 212 22 + 22 [Shown]
To find the shortest distance is the same as minimizing the value of
212 22 + 22.
Trick:
We can minimize this by first finding the minimum value of 212 22 + 22.

212 22 + 22 can be minimize by either:

Completing the Square OR
Differentiation
We shall use differentiation to minimize the above expression:

(212 22 + 22) = 42 22

At minimum value,

(21 2 22 + 22) = 0:

42 22 = 0 =

11
21

We need to verify that this is a minimum value (when using differentiation):

Either:

Mention that coefficient of 2 is positive (SMILEY Curve)

11
Show that the 2nd Derivative is positive at = .
21

OR

Since the coefficient of 2 = 21 > 0, thus the turning point is a minimum point.
11 2

11

341

21

21

21

So, the minimum value of 212 22 + 22 = 21 ( ) 22 ( ) + 22 =

The minimum value of 212 22 + 22 =

341
21

[Ans]

Solutions to Additional Questions:

Q1)
From the given information:

The line passes through the point with position vector and is parallel to the
unit vector
Vector equation of the line : = + , and || = 1
(i)

Since point lies on line :

: = +

= + for some

:
Now,

= 0

( + ) = 0

( ) + ( ) = 0 [Distributive property: ( + ) = ( ) + ( )]
= ( ) [Since = ||2 = (1)2 = 1 ]
Substitute this value of back into the vector equation of line :
= ( ) [Shown]

(ii)

Method 1: (Ratio Theorem)

Since point is in between point and ,

Ratio Theorem gives:

= 3+2
= 53

5[()]3

=
=
2

25()
2

[Ans]

Method 2: (Addition of Vectors)

+ 5
+ 5 (

) = + 5 [ ( ) ]
=
=
2
2
2
5

= ( )
2

(iii)
| =
Since is a unit vector, | | is in the form of |

||
||

, thus | |

represents the length of projection of the vector along the direction of vector
.
(iv)
Cosine of the angle between and line

|||

=|

Do not put modulus

since the question does
not ask for ACUTE angle.
The direction vector of
line is

Q2)

Given that the 2 planes and are perpendicular and the line of intersection
(line ) between these 2 planes are given by:
1
2

+2
2

= [Given in Cartesian form]

1
Since we are additionally given a vector parallel to plane which is (2),
0
This means that we have 2 vectors that is parallel to plane ,
Thus we need to find the direction vector of line :

1
2
=
=
= () = (2) + ( 2 ) ,

0
1
2
Direction vector of line = ( 2 )
1
1
2

+2
2

A point lying on line (and hence lying on BOTH planes and ) has position
1
vector = (2)
0
2
1
2
Normal of plane = ( 2 ) (2) = (1)
0
1
2
1
Since point (2) lies on plane , equation of plane :
0

2
2
1
(1) = (1) (2) = 4
0
2
2
Cartesian Equation of plane : 2 + 2 = 4 [Ans]
Since plane is perpendicular to plane , then normal of plane is parallel to
plane .
Moreover, Line being the line of intersection between the 2 planes will also
be parallel to plane , thus we have 2 vectors parallel to plane :
2
2
(1) and ( 2 )
2
1
Normal of
plane

Normal of

Direction
vector of
line

2
2
3
1
Normal of plane = (1) ( 2 ) = ( 6 ) = 3 ( 2 )
6
2
1
2
Line
1
Once again, since point (2) lies on plane , equation of plane :
0
1
1
1
Equation of plane : ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) (2) = 5
0
2
2
Cartesian Equation of plane : + 2 + 2 = 5 [Ans]

Q3)
Since the plane is tangential to the sphere at point , then point is the foot of
perpendicular of point on the plane. We shall find this foot of perpendicular:

1
3
Vector equation of the line : = (5) + (1) , --- (1)
3
5
Substitute Equation (1) into the Equation of the plane 3 + 5 = 15:
3(1 + 3) (5 ) + 5(3 + 5) = 15 35 = 8 =

8
35

Substitute =

8
35

:
into Equation (1) gives
11

1
3
8

= (5)
(1) =
35
3
5

35
167

[Ans]

35
65

35

|
Radius of the sphere = |
11

24

35
35
1
167
8
=

= (5) 35 = 35
3
40
65
( 35 ) ( 35 )

| = (24) + ( 8 ) + (40) = 24
|
35
35
35

2 +82 +402

352

=
=
=

1
35
8
35

2240
352

64 35
35 [Ans]