QUESTION 1

Find the required reinforcement for the section shown in Figure Q1. The section is
subjected to a moment of 290 kNm after 20% redistribution.

Given:
Cover = 30mm
link = 10mm
fy = 450MPa
fcu = 30MPa
Moment = 290 KNm

Assume 16 Diameter bars

d = 500 30 10 8 = 452mm

K=

M
b d 2 f cu

K=

290 106
300 4522 30

K = 0.158
Redistribution is 20% and exceeds 10%

b0.4 0.181( b 0.4)2

K ' =0.402

Using the K % Redistribution graph K = 0.132

K > K then the concrete will fail in compression and will require compression
steel.

d = 500 30 10 8 = 452m

M u=K f cu b b2 + f yc A ' s (d d )

From the Strain diagram we get

f yc=7001400

d'
d

d= 30 + 10 + 6 = 46 (assuming compression steel to be 12 mm diameter)

f yc =7001400

46
452

f yc=557.522 N /mm2
f yc=327.3 N /mm2

A 's =

( KK ' ) f cu b d 2
f yc (dd' )

> 327.3 N/mm2 - for High Tensile Steel

( 0.1580.132 ) 30 300 4522

A=
327.3( 45246)
'
s

'

A s =359.766 mm

Z =d (0.5+ 0.25

K'
)
0.9

Z =452(0.5+ 0.25

0.132
)
0.9

Z =371.3 mm

As=

K ' f cu b d 2 A 's f yc
+
0.87 f y Z 0.87 f y

( 0.1580.132 ) 30 300 4522 359.766 327.3

As=
+
0.87 450 371.3
0.87 450

A s =1669.693+300.77
A s =1970.46 mm2

QUESTION 2
Determine the bending moments for the slab supported by beams at gridlines as
shown in Figure Q2. Live load = 5,0 kPa, finishes = 1,0 kPa. Calculate the
reinforcement required for the largest sagging and hogging moment if 25 MPa
concrete is used.

Slab thickness, h = 255 mm

Effective spans, Lx = 6 000 mm
Ly = 7 500 mm
fcu = 25 MPa
fy = 450 MPa
Density of concrete = 24.5 kN/m3
Allowance for finishes = 2.0 kPa
Live load = 5.0 kPa
Assume
Cover = 25 mm
Reinforcement = Y16 diameter bars

Slab Loading
Dead Load
Finishes = 1 KPa
Slab Self Weight: 24 x 0.225 = 5.4 kN/m 2
Dn = 6.4 KN/m2
Live Load (Ln) = 5.00 kN/m2
Ultimate design load, n = (1.2 x 6.4 + 1.6 x 5.0)
n = 15.68 kN/m (per meter width)
Bending Moment
Effective depth,
d = 255 25 8 = 222mm

L y 7500
=
=1.25
Lx 6000
Ms = s n lx2
nlx2 = 15.68 X 62 = 564.48
Assume the short span is continues and one way spanning and ignore the shear
on long span
Position
At outer support
Near middle of end span
At first interior support
At Mid of interior spans
At interior support

Moment (KNm) per

meter
0
0.086 X 15.68 X 6 =
8.09
-0.086 X 15.68 X 6 =
-8.09
0.063 X 15.68 X 6 =
5.927
-0.063 X 15.68 X 6 =
-5.927

Shear (KN)
0.4 X 15.68 = 6.272
0.6 X 15.8 = 9.408
0.5 X 15.8 = 7.900

K=

M
b d 2 f cu

Z
K' Z
=0.5+ 0.25
<0.95
d
0.9 d

The steel area, As is per

Position
Near middle of end span
(+ve)
At first interior support (ve)
At mid of interior spans
(+ve)
At interior support (-ve)

meter width of the slab.

K
Z/d
Z
As req.
0.00
0.95
211
99
7
0.00
0.95
211
99
7
0.00
0.95
211
72
5
0.00
0.95
211
72
5
K < K no compression reinforcement required

min . A s=0.13%bh=

0.13
1000 255=331.5
100

As=

M
0.87 f y Z

Reinf.
Y10@220 c/c

As

.
353

prov

Y12@325 c/c

350

Y10@220 c/c

353

Y12 @325
c/c

350

QUESTION 3
Design the beam shown in Figure Q3 for the ultimate limit state forces shown.
Sketch the reinforcement required to resist the applied forces.

Given:
fy = fyv = 450 MPa

b = 400mm

fcu = 35 MPa
Main bars = 32 mm
link = 12 mm
Mu = 800 KNm
V = 300 KN
T = 70KNm

Area of Tension and Compression Reinforcement

d = 850 30 12 16 = 792mm (Assume 30 mm Cover)
Mu = 800KNm
K = 0.156 (no redistribution possible)

K=

M
b d 2 f cu
6

800 10
K=
2
400 792 35

K = 0.091 < K no compression steel required.

Z
=0.942 Z=0.942 792
d
Z =746.06 mm

As=

M
0.87 f y Z

As=

800 10 6
0.87 450 746.06

A s =2738.95 mm 2
Will use 4 Y 32 diameter bars

For maximum allowable shear

V = 300 KN
3

v=

V 300 10
=
bd 400 792

v = 0.947 N/mm2

v max =0.75 f cu
v max =0.75 35=4.437
v < v max

OK

100 A s 100 1608

=
=0.508( 3)
bd
400 792

400 4

d
100 A s 13

bd
f cu 31

25
0.75
v c=

m
1

400 4

792
1
3

0.508
1
35 3

25
0.75
vc=

1.4
v c =0.403 N /mm2
v > vc

Torsion
T = 70 KNm
The torsion will be resisted by the rectangular portion of beam alone.
vt =

2T
2

hmin (hmax

hmin
)
3

2 70 x 10
400
2
400 (850
)
3

vt = 1.221 N/mm
Minimum torsional shear stress vt min = 0.36

Combined Shear and Torsion

For ultimate torsional shear stress 4.50 < vtu < 4.75
v + vt = 0.947 + 0.001 = 0.948 < vtu OK!

X1 = 400 100 12 = 288

Y1 = 850 100 -12 = 738

v tu y 1 4.5 738
=
=6.038> v t OK !
550
550
vt > vt min and v > vc Design both shear and torsion reinforcement
A sv
T
=
S v 0.8 x 1 y 1 (0.87 f y )
A sv
70 x 1 06
=
=1.052
S v 0.8 288 738(0.87 450)

For 2 Y 12 legs: Asv = 226

Sv=

226
=215 mm
1.052

For 2 Y 10 legs: Asv = 157

Sv=

157
=149.24 mm
1.052

For high tensile steel

Min

A sv
=0.0012 bt =0.0012 400=0.480(1.052 provided there for OK )
Sv

Smax = least of: x1 , y1/2 or 200

Smax = 0.75d = 0.75 X 792 = 592
Will adopt Y12 @ 200 c/c

As=

A sv f yv (x 1+ y 1) 226 450 (288+738)

=
=1159 m m2
Sv f y
200 450

Beam depth exceeds 750 and will require Reinforcement inside the links up the
side of the beam

Sb b
250 400
=
=15 mm 2
fy
450

Adopt Y16 diameter bars Reinforcement of each side.