Dynamics of Structures

Class#2
Single Degree of Freedom Systems
(Read Chapter 3.1-3.3)

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Free Vibration
Types of Free Vibration Systems:

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped Free Vibration
Velocity = 0

One cycle of free vibration of the system

Velocity = 0

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Critically Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Critically Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Over-Damped Free Vibration

>1

; C > C cr

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Over-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Over-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Under-Damped Free Vibration

<1

; C < C cr

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Under-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Under-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Under-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Under-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Under-Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
How do we measure damping?

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
How do we measure damping?

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
How do we measure damping?

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Example
A free vibration test is conducted on an empty elevated water tank. A
cable attached to the tank applies a lateral (horizontal) force of 16.4
kips and pulls the tank horizontally by 2 in. the cable is suddenly cut
and the resulting free vibration is recorded. At the end of four complete
cycles, the time is 2.0 sec and the amplitude is 1 in. from these data
compute:
a) damping ratio
b) natural period
c) effective stiffness
d) effective weight
e) damping coefficient
f) number of cycles required for the displacement amplitude to decrease
to 0.2 in.

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Example
a) damping ratio: assuming small damping

u
1
ln 0
2 (4) u 4

1
2
ln
2 (4) 1

0.0275

2.75%

b) natural period

TD

2.0
4

0.5

sec.

; Tn

TD

c) effective stiffness

16.4
2

8.2

kips / in .

0.5sec.

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Example
d) effective weight

2
Tn

2
12.57,
0.5

0.0519 386

20.03

2
n

8.2
12.57

0.0519

kip sec 2 / in .;

kips

e) damping coefficient

2 km

0.0275 2 8.2 0.0519

0.0359

kip sec/ in .

f) number of cycles required for the displacement amplitude to decrease

to 0.2 in.

1
2 j

ln

u0
,
uj

1
2
ln
13.32
0.0275
0.2

cycles

13

cycles

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Damped Free Vibration
Example
The weight of water required to fill the tank of previous example is 80 kips.
Determine the natural period and damping ratio of the structure with
the tank full.

Solution:

Assignment #
Chopra/ Chapter
Problem numbers:
,

and

20.03 80 100.03

100.03
386

Tn

m
k

c
2 km

0.2591

kips
kip sec2 / in .

0.2591
1.12 sec
8.2
0.0359
0.0123 1.23%
2 8.2 0.2591
2

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