---------Geomorphology----------1.

INTERIOR OF THE EARTH

21. Movement Of The Indian Plate

22. Comparison: Continental Drift See
Floor Spreading Plate Tectonics

2. Seismic waves
3. Propagation of Earthquake Waves
4. Earths Layers

23. Ocean - Ocean Convergence or The

Island - Arc Convergence
24. Continent - Ocean Convergence Or
The Cordilleran Convergence

5. Earths Chemical Composition

6. Composition of Earths Crust

25. Continent - Continent Convergence

or The Himalayan Convergence

7. Earth Movements

26. Formation of Himalayans and Tibet

8. Geomorphic processes

27. Evidences for the rising Himalayas

9. Endogenetic Movements

28. Formation of Alps, Urals,

Appalachians and the Atlas
mountains

10. Earth Movements - Exogenetic

Forces

29. Mains Question on Fold Mountains

11. WEATHERING
12. Continental Drift Theory - Tectonics
13. Continental Drift Theory (Alfred
Wegener, 1922)
14. Convectional Current Theory Tectonics

30. Continent Arc Convergence or

New Guinea Convergence
31. Orogeny
32. Types of Mountains - Classification
of Mountains
33. Fault in Geology

15. Paleomagnetism
34. Fold in geology
16. Concept of Sea Floor Spreading
35. Fold Mountains
17. Plate Tectonics
36. Block Mountains
18. Plate Tectonics - Interaction of Plates
37. Volcanic mountains
19. Evidence in Support of Plate
Tectonics

38. Residual mountains

20. Significance of Plate Tectonics

39. Significance of mountains

40. Interaction of Plates

62. Lava types in Volcanism

41. Divergent boundary

63. Destructive Effects of Volcanoes

42. Evolution Formation of Rift Lakes,

Seas and Oceans

64. Positive Effects of Volcanoes

65. Geysers and Hot Springs

43. Rift valley lakes

44. East African Rift Valley

66. Distribution of Volcanoes across the

World

45. Great Rift Valley

67. The Distribution of Earthquakes

46. Transcurrent boundary or transform

edge

68. Volcanos in India

47. Important mountain ranges

69. Extinct, Dormant and Active

volcanoes

48. Andes

70. Some significant Volcanic Eruptions

49. Rocky Mountains

71. Volcanic Landforms

50. Great Dividing Range

72. Extrusive Volcanic Landforms

51. Transantarctic Mountains

73. Intrusive Volcanic Landforms

52. Ural Mountains

74. Exhalative (vapor or fumes)

53. Atlas Mountains

75. Effusive (Lava outpouring)

54. Appalachian Mountains

76. Explosive (Violent ejection of solid

material)

55. Himalayas
77. Subaqueous Volcanism
56. Alps
78. Eruptive Volcanism Types
57. Mountain ranges By height
79. Hotspot Volcanism
58. Why are world's highest mountains
are at the equator?

80. Reunion Hotspot Volcanism

59. Highest mountain peaks of the world

81. Distribution of Hotspot Volcanism

60. Volcanism

82. Earthquakes

61. Causes of Volcanism

83. Causes of Earthquakes

84. Seismic Waves or Earthquake Waves

85. Earthquakes based on the depth of
Focus

105.
Fluvial Depositional
Landforms
106.
Karst Landforms and Cycle
of Erosion

86. Distribution of Earthquakes

87. Effects of Earthquakes

107.
Marine Landforms and Cycle
of Erosion

88. Tsunami

108.

89. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

109.
Marine Depositional
Landforms

Marine Erosional Landforms

90. Occurrence
110.

Coastlines

91. Shifts in Geography

92. Warning Systems
93. Indias preparedness

111.
Landforms and Cycle of
Erosion
112.
Glacial Landforms and Cycle
of Erosion

94. Tsunami
113.

Glacial Erosional Landforms

95. ROCKS
96. Different kinds of rocks

114.
Glacial Depositional
Landforms

97. Sedimentary Rocks

115.

98. Metamorphic Rocks

116.
Arid Landforms and Cycle of
Erosion

99. Rock cycle

Glacial Cycle of Erosion

117.

Erosional Arid Landforms

100.
Some Rock-Forming
Minerals

118.

Arid Depositional Landforms

101.

119.

Lakes

120.

Lakes and Man

121.

Important Lakes on Earth

103.
Fluvial Landforms and Cycle
of Erosion

122.

Plateau

104.

123.

Plateau Formation

Multiple choice questions.

102.
Landforms and Cycle of
Erosion

Fluvial Erosional Landforms

124.

Plateau Types

125.

Major plateaus of the World

-----Climatology--------1. Latitudes and Longitudes

2. Latitude
3. Longitude
4. Indian Standard Time
5. Motions of the earth: Rotation and
Revolution
6. Rotation of Earth
7. Why are days always longer than nights at
the equator?
8. Revolution
9. Atmosphere
10. Role of Earths Atmosphere
11. Composition of Atmosphere
12. Major Greenhouse Gases
13. Structure of Atmosphere
14. Temperature Distribution on Earth
15. Factors Affecting Temperature
Distribution
16. Latitudinal Heat Balance
17. Heat Budget
18. The Mean Annual Temperature
Distribution
19. Seasonal Temperature Distribution
20. Questions from NCERT
21. Lapse Rate
22. Adiabatic Lapse rate
23. Latent Heat of Condensation
24. Vertical Distribution of Temperature
25. Temperature Anomaly
26. Temperature Inversion
27. Types of Temperature Inversion
28. Economic Implications of Temperature
Inversion
29. Pressure Systems
30. Air Pressure
31. Equatorial Low Pressure Belt or
Doldrums
32. Sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt or
Horse Latitudes
33. Sub-Polar Low Pressure Belt
34. Polar High Pressure Belt

35. Pressure belts in July

36. Pressure belts in January
37. Factors Controlling Pressure Systems
38. Factors affecting Wind Movement
39. More about Coriolis effect
40. General circulation of the atmosphere
41. Classification of Winds
42. Primary or Prevailing Winds
43. Secondary or Periodic Winds
44. Tertiary or Local Winds
45. Geostrophic Wind
46. Jet streams
47. Permanent jet streams
48. Temporary jet streams
49. Influence of Jet Streams on Weather
50. Jet Streams and Weather in Temperate
Regions
51. Jet Streams and Aviation
52. Clouds
53. Air Masses
54. Classification of Air Masses
55. Fronts
56. Classification of Fronts
57. Water Cycle - Hydrological cycle
58. Water Vapour in Atmosphere
59. Humidity
60. Evaporation
61. Condensation
62. Forms of Condensation
63. Smog
64. Sulfurous smog
65. Photochemical smog
66. Effects of Smog
67. Question UPSC Mains 2015
68. Precipitation
69. Types of Rainfall
70. World Distribution of Rainfall
71. Questions
72. Thunderstorm
73. Types of Thunderstorms
74. Lightning and thunder
75. Tornado
76. Tropical Cyclones
77. Conditions Favourable for Tropical
Cyclone Formation
78. Origin and Development of Tropical

Cyclones
79. Structure of a tropical cyclone
80. Categories of Tropical Cyclones
81. Favorite Breeding Grounds for Tropical
Cyclones
82. Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones
83. Warning of Tropical Cyclones
84. What is a Storm Surge?
85. Why do 'tropical cyclones' winds rotate
counter-clockwise (clockwise) in the
Northern (Southern) Hemisphere?
86. Why there are fewer cyclones over the
Arabian Sea as compared to the Bay of
Bengal?
87. Why there are very few Tropical
Cyclones during southwest monsoon
season?
88. What are the causes of disaster during
cyclone?
89. Mains 2013: Naming of Cyclones
90. Polar or Arctic Cyclones
91. Maximum Sustained Wind
92. Low Pressure, Depression and Cyclone
93. Central Dense Overcast (CDO)
94. Annual frequency of Cyclones over the
Indian Seas
95. States Vulnerable to Cyclones
96. Which sector of the cyclone experiences
strongest winds?
97. What is the normal movement of a
Tropical Cyclone?
98. What is the role of upper tropospheric
westerly trough ?
99. What is 4-stage warning system for
Tropical Cyclones?
100. Modifying cyclones?
101. How are Tropical Cyclones monitored
by IMD?
102. Temperate Cyclones or Extra Tropical
Cyclones or Mid-Latitude Cyclones or
Frontal Cyclones
103. Origin and Development of Temperate
Cyclones
104. Characteristics of Temperate Cyclones
105. Tropical Cyclones and Temperate
Cyclones Comparison

106. Tropical Cyclone

107. Temperate Cyclone
108. Questions
109. Polar Vortex
110. Polar Vortex Cold Wave
111. Ozone Hole [Ozone Depletion at South
Pole]
112. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs)
113. El Nino
114. El Nino Southern Oscillation [ENSO]
115. Indian Ocean Dipole effect (Not every
El Nino year is same in India)
116. The El Nio Modoki
117. La Nina
-----Climatic Regions----1. Koeppens scheme Of Classification Of
Climate
2. Group A : Tropical Humid Climates
3. Tropical Wet Climate (Af)
4. Group A : Tropical Humid Climates
5. Tropical Monsoon Climate
6. Tropical Marine Climate
7. Tropical Monsoon Forests
8. Population and Economy in Monsoon
Climate
9. Cultivation of Coffee
10. Tea Cultivation in India: Growth,
Method, Production and Distribution
11. Savanna Climate or Tropical Wet and
Dry Climate or Sudan Climate
12. Distribution of Savanna Climate
13. Natural Vegetation of Savanna Climate
14. Life and Economy in the Savanna
15. B: Desert Climate
16. Hot Desert Climate
17. Mid-Latitude Desert Climate
18. Desert Climate
19. Life in the Deserts
20. Steppe Climate or Temperate
Continental Climate or Temperate Grassland
Climate
21. Steppe Climate
22. Natural Vegetation of Steppe Climate
23. Economic Development of Steppes
24. Maps: Savanna Grasslands and Steppe

Grasslands
25. Mediterranean Climate or Warm
Temperate Western Margin Climate or
Warm Temperate West Coast Climate
26. Mediterranean Climate
27. Local winds of the Mediterranean
Climate
28. Natural Vegetation in the Mediterranean
Climate
29. Agriculture in the Mediterranean
Climate
30. Warm Temperate Eastern Margin
Climate
31. Variations of Warm Temperate Eastern
Margin Climate
32. Natural Vegetation
33. Economic Development
34. British Type Climate
35. Distribution of British Type Climate
36. British Type Climate
37. Natural Vegetation in British Type
Climate
38. Economy in British Type Climate
39. Taiga Climate or Boreal Climate
40. Taiga Climate
41. Natural Vegetation of Taiga Climate
42. Economic Development of Taiga Region
43. Laurentian Climate or Cool Temperate
Eastern Marine Climate
44. Laurentian Climate
45. Natural Vegetation - Laurentian Climate
46. Economic Development Laurentian
Climate
47. Tundra Climate or Polar Climate or
Arctic Climate
48. Tundra Climate
49. Natural Vegetation - Tundra Climate
50. Recent Development of the Arctic
Region
----------Oceanography----------1. Water on the earths surface
2. Ocean Relief
3. Continental Shelf
4. Continental Slope
5. Continental Rise
6. Deep Sea Plain or Abyssal Plain

7. Oceanic Deeps or Trenches

8. Mid-Oceanic Ridges or Submarine Ridges
9. Abyssal Hills
10. Submarine Canyons
11. Atoll
12. Bank, Shoal and Reef
13. Significance of Study of Oceanic Relief
14. Marginal Seas
15. Marginal seas of the world
16. Human Impact on marginal seas
17. Phytoplankton Bloom (Algal Bloom) in
Marginal Seas
18. Biomass Production and Primary
Productivity
19. Water Circulation in Marginal Seas
20. Bays, gulfs, and Straits
21. The Pacific Ocean
22. The Atlantic Ocean
23. The Indian Ocean
24. Ocean Movements
25. Ocean currents
26. Primary Forces Responsible For Ocean
Currents
27. Secondary Forces Responsible For
Ocean Currents
28. Types of Ocean Currents
29. General Characteristics of Ocean
Currents
30. Effects of Ocean Currents
31. Desert Formation and Ocean Currents
32. Temperature Distribution of Oceans
33. Factors Affecting Temperature
Distribution of Oceans
34. Vertical Temperature Distribution of
Oceans
35. Horizontal Temperature Distribution of
Oceans
36. Range of Ocean Temperature
37. Pacific Ocean Currents
38. Phytoplankton and Fishing
39. Atlantic Ocean Currents
40. Sargasso Sea
41. Indian Ocean Currents
42. Ocean Salinity
43. Horizontal distribution of salinity
44. Vertical Distribution of Salinity

45. Questions
46. Tides
47. Tidal Bulge - Why there are two tidal
bulges? - Why is there a tidal bulge on the
other side?
48. Factors Controlling the Nature and
Magnitude of Tides
49. Types of Tides
50. Importance of Tides
51. Characteristics of Tides
52. Tidal bore
53. Questions
54. Coral Reefs
55. Coral Reef Relief Features
56. Development Of Major Coral Reef
Types
57. Ideal Conditions for Coral Growth
58. Distribution of Coral Reefs
59. Corals and Zooxanthellae
60. Symbiotic Relationship Between Corals
And ZOOXANTHELLAE
61. Coral Bleaching or Coral Reef
Bleaching
62. Ecological Causes of Coral Bleaching
63. Spatial and temporal range of coral reef
bleaching
------------Indian Geography-------------1. India As A Geographical Unit
2. Rock System Based on Geological
History Of India
3. Archaean Rock System (Pre-Cambrian
Rocks)
4. Dravidian Rock System (Palaeozoic)
5. Aryan Rock System
6. Major Physical Divisions of India
7. Division of the Himalayas
8. Himalayan Ranges
9. Middle or the Lesser Himalaya
10. The Great Himalaya
11. The Trans Himalayas
12. Purvanchal or Eastern Hills
13. Syntaxial Bends of the Himalayas
14. Himalayas Regional Divisions
15. Important Valleys in Himalayas
16. Snow in Himalayas - Snowline

17. Glaciers in Himalayas

18. Significance of the Himalayas
19. Major Passes in India and Indian Subcontinent
1. Main Passes of the Himalayas
2. Formation of Indo Gangetic
Brahmaputra Plain
3. Features of Indo Gangetic
Brahmaputra Plain
4. Geomorphological features of Indo
Gangetic Brahmaputra Plain
5. Regional Divisions of the Great
Plains
6. Significance of the Plain
7. Peninsular Plateau
8. Minor Plateaus in the Peninsular
Plateau
9. Deccan Plateau
10. Hill Ranges of the Peninsular Plateau
11. Coastline of India Indian Coastline
12. Coastlines
13. Western Coastal Plains of India
14. Eastern Coastal Plains of India
15. Significance of the Coastal Plains
16. Indian Islands
17. Andaman and Nicobar islands
18. Lakshadweep Islands

19. New Moore Island

40. Himalayan River System vs.

Peninsular River System

20. Drainage basin

41. East Flowing Peninsular Rivers
21. Drainage patterns
42. Mahanadi River
22. Discordant drainage patterns
43. Godavari River
23. Concordant Drainage Patterns
44. Krishna River
24. Contribution of Water by Various
Rivers
25. Classification of Drainage Systems
of India
26. Major River System or Drainage
Systems in India

45. Cauvery River

46. Subarnarekha
47. West Flowing Rivers of The
Peninsular India
48. Estuary

27. Himalayan River Systems

49. Narmada River
28. Indus River System
50. Tapti River
29. Indus River
51. Sabarmati River
30. Major Tributaries of Indus River
52. Mahi River
31. Indus water treaty
53. Luni River
32. Ganga River System
33. Ganga River

54. West flowing Rivers of the Sahyadris

(Western Ghats)

34. Right Bank Tributaries of The Ganga

55. Ghaggar River Inland Drainage

35. Left Bank Tributaries of The Ganga

River

56. Usability of Rivers

57. Indian Monsoons

36. Brahmaputra River System

58. Mechanism of Indian Monsoons
37. Peninsular River System or
Peninsular Drainage

59. Indian Monsoons Classical Theory:

Sir Edmund Halleys Theory

38. Evolution of the Peninsular Drainage

39. Peninsular River Systems

60. Indian Monsoons Modern theory:

Air Mass Theory

61. Indian Monsoon Mechanism Jet

Stream Theory

78. North East Monsoon Season

Retreating Monsoon Season

62. Indian Monsoon Mechanism Role

of Sub-Tropical Jet Stream (STJ)

79. Annual Rainfall [South West

Monsoons + Retreating Monsoons]

63. Indian Monsoons Role of Tropical

Easterly Jet (TEJ) [African Easterly
Jet]

80. Climatic Regions of India

81. Stamp's Classification of Climatic
Regions of India

64. Indian Monsoons Role of Tibet

65. Indian Monsoons Role of Somali
Jet

82. Koeppens Classification of Climatic

Regions of India
83. Natural Vegetation of India

66. Indian Monsoons Role of Indian

Ocean Dipole
67. How Jet Streams affect the
Monsoons in the Indian SubContinent?

84. Classification Of Natural Vegetation

of India
85. Moist Tropical Forests
86. Dry Tropical Forests

68. Projects to understand monsoons

87. Montane Sub-Tropical Forests
69. Western Disturbances
88. Montane Temperate Forests
70. Cloudburst in Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand
71. What type of Climate Does India
Have?

89. Alpine Forests

90. Soil
91. Soil Types Sandy-Clayey-Loamy

72. Features of Indian Climate

92. Soil Profile Soil Horizon
73. Factors Influencing Indian Climate
74. Indian Climate Seasons

93. Factors that influence soil formation

in Indian Conditions

75. Winter Season in India

94. Major Soil Groups of India

76. Summer Season in India

95. Alluvial Soils

77. Rainy Season South West

Monsoon Season

96. Black Soils

97. Red Soils

98. Laterite Lateritic Soils

99. Forest Mountain Soils
100.

Arid Desert Soils

101.

Saline Alkaline Soils

102.

Peaty Marshy Soils

103.
Soils

Characteristics of Indian

104.

Problems Of Indian Soils

105.

Soil Degradation

106.

Soil Erosion

107.
Extent Of Soil Erosion In
India
108.

Factors affecting Soil Erosion

109.

Effects of Soil Erosion

110.

Deforestation

111.

Overgrazing

112.
Faulty Methods of
Agriculture
113.
Soil Salinity and Soil
Alkalinity
114.

Desertification

115.

Waterlogging

116.

Soil Conservation

--------------Economic
Geography------------------1. Iron Ore Raw Material
2. Iron Ore Distribution Across the World

3. Types of Iron Ore

4. Iron Ore Distribution in India
5. Coal
6. Formation of Coal
7. Peat, Lignite, Bituminous & Anthracite
Coal
8. Distribution of Coal in India
9. Gondwana Coal
10. Distribution of Gondwana Coal in India
11. Tertiary Coal
12. Tertiary Coal Lignite
13. Tertiary Coal Peat
14. Problems of Coal Mining in India
15. Coking Coal vs. Non-Coking Coal
16. Coal Reserves in India by State
17. Coal Production in India by State
18. Indias Coal Imports and Exports
19. Major Coalfields in India
20. Distribution of Coal across the World
21. Global Coal Reserves
22. Top Producers and Consumers of Coal in
the World
23. Distribution of Coal in USA
24. Distribution of Coal in China
25. Petroleum and Mineral Oil
26. Formation of Petroleum and Mineral Oil
27. Distribution of Petroleum and Mineral
Oil in India
28. On-shore Oil Production In India
29. Off-Shore Production in India
30. Petroleum Refining
31. Share of Oil in Power Generation
32. Indias Oil Imports
33. Petroleum and Mineral Oil - World
distribution
34. Natural gas
35. World Distribution of Natural Gas
36. OPEC Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries
37. Distribution of Natural Gas in India
38. Petroleum and Gas Value Chain
39. Upstream Sector
40. Midstream sector
41. Downstream sector
42. Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
43. Coalbed Methane

44. Coalbed Methane in India

45. Shale Gas Shale Gas Formation
46. Shale Gas Reserves Across the World
47. Shale Gas Reserves in India
48. Extraction of Shale Gas
49. Problems Associated With Shale Gas
Exploitation
50. Shale Gas Extraction Issues in India - If
US can then why cant India?
51. Shale Gas: Low Potential, High Risk and
a Better Alternative
52. Bauxite
53. Bauxite Distribution in India
54. Bauxite Distribution World
55. Lead
56. Zinc
57. Distribution of Lead and Zinc ores India and World
58. Tungsten
59. Pyrites
60. Gold Reserves in India
61. Gold Distribution Across the World
62. Silver Distribution India & World
63. Manganese
64. Manganese Ore Distribution in India
65. State wise reserves of Manganese
66. Export of Manganese
67. World Manganese Ore Distribution
68. Chromite
69. Chromite Ore Distribution In India
70. Chromite Ore Distribution Across the
World
71. Copper
72. Copper Reserves in India
73. Major Copper Reserves Across the
World

74. Nickel
75. Graphite
76. Major Producers of Graphite India &
World
77. Diamonds
78. Differences Between Graphite and
Diamond
79. Mica
80. Limestone
81. Dolomite
82. Asbestos
83. Magnesite
84. Kyanite
85. Sillimanite
86. Gypsum
87. Salt
88. Conservation of Mineral Resources
89. Nuclear fission
90. Nuclear Reactor
91. Types of Nuclear Reactors
92. Light-water reactor (LWR)
93. Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactor
(PHWR)
94. Atomic Minerals
95. Uranium
96. Uranium in India
97. Nuclear Power Plants in India
98. Thorium
99. India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power
Programme
100. What Hinders Deployment of ThoriumFuelled Reactors In India?
101. Solution to Indias Fissile Shortage
Problem Procuring Fissile Material
Plutonium