BeerMOM GE C07-P001-P169

CHAPTER 7
PROBLEM 7.1
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses exerted
on the oblique face of the shaded triangular element shown. Use a method of
analysis based on the equilibrium of that element, as was done in the
derivations of Sec. 7.2.
SOLUTION
F = 0: A + 18 A cos 15 sin 15 + 45 A cos 15 cos 15 27 A sin 15 sin 15 + 18A sin 15 cos 15 = 0
= 18 cos 15 sin 15 45 cos 2 15 + 27 sin 2 15 18 sin 15 cos 15
= 49.2 MPa
F = 0: A + 18 A cos 15 cos 15 45 A cos 15 sin 15 27 A sin 15 cos 15 18 A sin 15 sin 15 = 0
= 18(cos 2 15 sin 2 15) + (45 + 27) cos 15 sin 15

= 2.41 MPa
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
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without permission.
PROBLEM 7.2
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses exerted on the
oblique face of the shaded triangular element shown. Use a method of analysis based
on the equilibrium of that element, as was done in the derivations of Sec. 7.2.
SOLUTION
F = 0
A 90 A sin 30 cos 30 90 Acos 30 sin 30 + 60 A cos 30 cos 30 = 0

= 180sin 30 cos 30 60 cos 2 30 = 32.9 MPa
F = 0
A + 90 A sin 30 sin 30 90 A cos 30 cos30 60 A cos 30 sin 30 = 0

= 90(cos 2 30 sin 2 30) + 60cos 30 sin 30 = 71.0 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.3
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses exerted
on the oblique face of the shaded triangular element shown. Use a method of
analysis based on the equilibrium of that element, as was done in the
SOLUTION
F = 0:
A 120 A cos 20 cos 20 45 A cos 20 sin 20 45 A sin 20 cos 20 60 A sin 20 sin 20 = 0

= 120 cos 2 20 + 45cos 20 sin 20 + 45sin 20 cos 20 + 60sin 2 20
= 14.19 MPa
F = 0:
A + 120 A cos 20 sin 20 45 A cos 20 cos 20 + 45 A sin 20 sin 20 60 A sin 20 cos 20 = 0

= 120 cos 20 sin 20 + 45(cos2 20 sin 2 20) + 60sin 20 cos 20
= 15.19 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.4
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses
exerted on the oblique face of the shaded triangular element shown. Use a
method of analysis based on the equilibrium of that element, as was done in the
SOLUTION
F = 0
A 84 A cos 55 cos 55 + 42 A sin 55 sin 55 = 0
= 84cos 2 55 42sin 2 55 = 0.546 MPa
F = 0
A 84 A cos 55 sin 55 42 A sin 55 cos 55
= 126 cos 55 sin 55 = 59.2 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.5
For the given state of stress, determine (a) the principal planes, (b) the principal
stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa
(a)
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
y = 40 MPa
(2)(35)
= 3.50
60 + 40
2 p = 74.05
(b)
max, min =
x +y
2
xy = 35 MPa
p = 37.0, 53.0
2
x y
2

+ xy
2
60 40
60 + 40
2

+ (35)
2
2
= 50 36.4 MPa
=
max = 13.60 MPa

min = 86.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.6
stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 28 MPa
(a)
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
y = 140 MPa
(2)(42)
= 0.750
28 140
2 p = 36.87
(b)
max, min =
x + y
2
xy = 42 MPa
p = 18.43, 108.43
2
x y
2

+ xy
2
28 + 140
28 140
2

+ (42)
2
2
= 84 70
max = 154 MPa

min = 14 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.7
stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 63 MPa
(a)
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(b)
max, min =
xy = 28 MPa
(2)(28)
= 0.5333
63 + 42
2 p = 28.07
x +y
y = 42 MPa
p = 14.04, 104.04
2
x y
2

+ xy
2
63 42
63 + 42

+ 282
2
2
= 10.5 59.5
=
max = 70 MPa
min = 49 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.8
stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 6 MPa
(a)
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
y = 30 MPa
(2)(9)
= 0.750
6 30
2 p = 36.87
(b)
max, min =
x + y
2
xy = 9 MPa
p = 18.4, 108.4
2
x y
2

+ xy
2
6 + 30
6 30
2
=

+ (9)
2
2
= 18 15
max = 33.0 MPa

min = 3.00 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.9
For the given state of stress, determine (a) the orientation of the planes of
maximum in-plane shearing stress, (b) the corresponding normal stress.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa
(a)
y = 40 MPa
xy = 35 MPa
x y
60 + 40
=
= 0.2857
2 xy
(2)(35)
tan 2 s =
2 s = 15.95
s = 8.0, 98.0
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
max =
60 + 40
2
=
+ (35)
2
(b)
= ave =
x +y
2
60 40
2
max = 36.4 MPa

= 50.0 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.10
SOLUTION
x = 28 MPa
(a)
tan 2 s =
y = 140 MPa
xy = 42 MPa
x y
28 140
=
= 1.3333
2 xy
(2)(42)
2 s = 53.13
s = 26.57, 63.43
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
(b)
max =
(c)
= ave =
28 140
2
+ (42) = 70 MPa
2
x + y
2
28 + 140
= 84 MPa
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.11
SOLUTION
x = 63 MPa
(a)
tan 2 s =
y = 42 MPa
xy = 28 MPa
x y
63 + 42
=
= 1.875
2 xy
(2)(28)
2 s = 61.93
s = 30.96, 59.04
2
(b)
max
x y
2
=
+ xy
2
63 + 42
2
=
+ (28) = 59.5 MPa
2
(c)
= ave =
x +y
2
63 42
= 10.5 MPa
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.12
SOLUTION
x = 6 MPa
(a)
tan 2 s =
y = 30 MPa
xy = 9 MPa
x y
6 30
=
= 1.33333
2 xy
(2)(9)
2 s = 53.13
s = 26.6, 63.4
2
max =
x y
2
+ xy
2
6 30
2
+ (9)
2
(b)
= ave =
max = 15.00 MPa
x + y
2
6 + 30
=
2
= 18.00 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.13
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses after the element
shown has been rotated through (a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 0
x +y
2
x +y
2
xy =
y =
= 25
x y
= 40 MPa
x =
(a)
y = 80 MPa
x y
2
x +y
2
x y
2
sin 2 + xy cos 2
x y
2
cos 2 xy sin 2
2 = 50
xy = 40 sin(50) 50 cos(50)
y = 40 40 cos(50) + 50 sin(50)
= 10
= 40 MPa
cos 2 + xy sin 2
x = 40 + 40 cos(50) 50 sin( 50)
(b)
xy = 50 MPa
x = 24.0 MPa
xy = 1.5 MPa
y = 104.0 MPa
2 = 20
x = 40 + 40 cos(20) 50 sin(20)
xy = 40 sin(20) 50 cos(20)
y = 40 40 cos(20) + 50 sin(20)
x = 19.5 MPa
xy = 60.7 MPa
y = 60.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.14
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses after the
element shown has been rotated (a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 56 MPa
x +y
2
= 14 MPa
x =
x +y
2
xy =
y =
(a)
= 25
y = 84 MPa
x y
2
x +y
2
x y
2
x y
2
xy = 42 MPa
= 70 MPa
cos 2 + xy sin 2
sin 2 + xy cos 2
x y
2
cos 2 xy sin 2
2 = 50
x = 14 + 70 cos (50) 42 sin( 50) = 63.1 MPa
(b)
= 10
xy = 70 sin(50) 42 cos(50) = 26.6 MPa
y = 14 70cos(50) + 42 sin(50) = 91.1 MPa
2 = 20
x = 14 + 70 cos(20) 42 sin(20) = 37.4 MPa
xy = 70 sin(20) 42 cos(20) = 63.4 MPa
y = 14 70 cos(20) + 42 sin(20) = 65.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.15
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses after
the element shown has been rotated through (a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10
counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa
x +y
2
x +y
2
xy =
y =
(a)
= 25
x y
= 15 MPa
x =
2
+
x y
2
x +y
2
y = 90 MPa
x y
2
= 75 MPa
cos 2 + xy sin 2
sin 2 + xy cos 2
x y
2
cos 2 xy sin 2
2 = 50
x = 15 75 cos(50) + 30 sin(50)
xy = + 75 sin( 50) + 30 cos( 50)
y = 15 + 75 cos( 50) 30 sin(50)
(b)
= 10
xy = 30 MPa
x = 56.2 MPa
xy = 38.2 MPa
y = 86.2 MPa
2 = 20
x = 15 75 cos(20) + 30 sin(20)
x = 45.2 MPa
xy = + 75 sin(20) + 30 cos(20)
xy = 53.8 MPa
y = 15 + 75 cos(20) 30 sin(20)
y = 75.2 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.16
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses after the element
shown has been rotated (a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 0
x +y
2
x +y
2
xy =
y =
(b)
= 25
= 10
2
+
x y
2
x +y
2
xy = 35 MPa
x y
= 28 MPa
x =
(a)
y = 56 MPa
x y
2
= 28 MPa
cos 2 + xy sin 2
sin 2 + xy cos 2
x y
2
cos 2 xy sin 2
2 = 50
x = 28 28 cos(50) + 35 sin( 50) = 16.8 MPa
xy = 28 sin(50) + 35 cos(50) = 1.05 MPa
y = 28 + 28 cos(50) 35 sin(50) = 72.8 MPa
2 = 20
x = 28 28 cos(20) + 35 sin(20) = 13.7 MPa
xy = 28 sin(20) + 35 cos(20) = 42.5 MPa
y = 28 + 28 cos(20) 35 cos(20) = 42.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.17
The grain of a wooden member forms an angle of 15 with the vertical. For the state of
stress shown, determine (a) the in-plane shearing stress parallel to the grain, (b) the
normal stress perpendicular to the grain.
SOLUTION
x = 0
y = 0
= 15
(a)
xy =
x y
2
2 = 30
sin 2 + xy cos 2
= 0 + 4.2 cos(30) = 3.64 MPa
(b)
x =
x + y
2
xy = 4.2 MPa
x y
2
cos 2 + xy sin 2
= 0 + 0 + 4.2 sin(30) = 2.1 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.18
The grain of a wooden member forms an angle of 15 with the vertical. For
the state of stress shown, determine (a) the in-plane shearing stress parallel to
the grain, (b) the normal stress perpendicular to the grain.
SOLUTION
x = 2.5 MPa
= 15
(a)
xy =
2 = 30
xy = 0
x y
sin 2 + xy cos 2
2
2.5 (1.5)
=
sin(30) + 0
2
xy = 0.250 MPa
(b) x =
y = 1.5 MPa
x + y
x y
cos 2 + xy sin 2
2
2
2.5 + (1.5) 2.5 (1.5)
=
+
cos(30) + 0
2
2
x = 2.43 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.19
A steel pipe of 300-mm outer diameter is fabricated from 6-mm-thick plate by
welding along a helix which forms an angle of 22.5 with a plane perpendicular
to the axis of the pipe. Knowing that a 160-kN axial force P and an 800 N m
torque T, each directed as shown, are applied to the pipe, determine and
in directions, respectively, normal and tangential to the weld.
SOLUTION
d 2 = 0.3 m, c2 =
1
d 2 = 0.15 m, t = 0.006 m
2
c1 = c2 t = 0.144
J = (c
2
c ) = (0.15
2
A = c22 c12 = (0.152 0.1442 ) = 5541.8 106 m 2

4
2
4
1
0.1444 ) = 119.8 106 m 4
Stresses
P
A
160 103
=
= 28.88 MPa
5541 106
Tc
= 2
J
(800)(0.15)
=
= 1.002 MPa
119.8 106
x = 0, y = 28.88 MPa, xy = 1.002 MPa
Choose the x and y axes respectively tangential and normal to the weld.
Then, w = y
y =
and w = xy
x +y
= 22.5
x y
cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
( 28.88) [( 28.88)]
cos 45 1.002sin 45
=
2
2
= 25.36 MPa
w = 25.4 MPa
xy =
x y
sin 2 + xy cos 2
2
[(28.88)]
sin 45 + 1.002 cos 45
=
2
= 9.5 MPa
w = 9.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.20
Two members of uniform cross section 50 80 mm are glued together along
plane a-a that forms an angle of 25 with the horizontal. Knowing that the allowable
stresses for the glued joint are = 800 kPa and = 600 kPa, determine the largest
centric load P that can be applied.
SOLUTION
For plane a-a, = 65.
x = 0, xy = 0, y =
P
A
= x cos 2 + y sin 2 + 2 xy sin cos = 0 +
P 2
sin 65 + 0
A
A
(50 103 )(80 103 )(800 103 )
=
= 3.90 103 N
sin 2 65
sin 2 65
P
= ( x y )sin cos + xy (cos 2 sin 2 ) = sin 65 cos 65 + 0
A
3
3
(50 10 )(80 10 )(600 103 )
A
=
P=
= 6.27 103 N
sin 65 cos 65
sin 65 cos 65
P=
Allowable value of P is the smaller one.
P = 3.90 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.21
Two steel plates of uniform cross section 10 80 mm are welded
together as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN forces are applied to
the welded plates and that = 25 , determine (a) the in-plane shearing
stress parallel to the weld, (b) the normal stress perpendicular to the
weld.
SOLUTION
Area of weld:
Aw =
(10 103 )(80 103 )

cos 25
= 882.7 106 m 2
(a)
Fs = 0: Fs 100sin 25 = 0
w =
(b)
Fs
42.26 103
=
= 47.9 106 Pa
6
Aw
882.7 10
Fn = 0: Fn 100cos 25 = 0
w =
Fs = 42.26 kN
w = 47.9 MPa
Fn = 90.63 kN
Fn
90.63 103
=
= 102.7 106 Pa
Aw
882.7 106
w = 102.7 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.22
Two steel plates of uniform cross section 10 80 mm are welded
together as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN forces are applied to
the welded plates and that the in-plane shearing stress parallel to the
weld is 30 MPa, determine (a) the angle , (b) the corresponding
normal stress perpendicular to the weld.
SOLUTION
Area of weld:
Aw =
=
(a)
Fs = 0: Fs 100sin = 0
w =
Fs
Aw
sin cos =
(b)
800 106 2
m
cos
Fs = 100sin kN = 100 103 sin N
100 103 sin

= 125 106 sin cos
6
800 10 / cos
1
30 106
sin 2 =
= 0.240
2
125 106
Fn = 0: Fn 100cos = 0
Aw =
30 106 =
(10 103 )(80 103 )

cos
= 14.34
Fn = 100cos14.34 = 96.88 kN
800 106
= 825.74 106 m 2
cos14.34
Fn
96.88 103
=
= 117.3 106 Pa
Aw
825.74 106
= 117.3 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.23
A 1.8 kN vertical force is applied at D to a gear attached to the solid
25 mm diameter shaft AB. Determine the principal stresses and the
maximum shearing stress at point H located as shown on top of the
shaft.
SOLUTION
Equivalent force-couple system at center of shaft in section at point H.
V = 1.8 kN M = (1.8 103 )(0.150) = 270 N m
T = (1.8 103 )(0.050) = 90 N m
Shaft cross section
Torsion:
Bending:
Transverse shear:
1
d = 12.5 mm
2
1
J = c 4 = 38349 mm 4
I = J = 19174.5 mm 4
2
2
Tc
(90)(0.0125)
=
=
= 29.33 106 Pa = 29.33 MPa
12
J
38349 10
Mc
(270)(0.0125)
=
=
= 176 106 Pa = 176 MPa
I
19174.5 1012
d = 25 mm, c =
Stress at point H is zero.
x = 176 MPa, y = 0, xy = 29.33 MPa

ave =
1
( x + y ) = 88 MPa
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy =
2
(88)2 + (29.33) 2
= 92.76 MPa
a = ave + R = 180.76 MPa
b = ave R = 4.76 MPa
max = R = 92.76 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.24
A mechanic uses a crowfoot wrench to loosen a bolt at E. Knowing that
the mechanic applies a vertical 100 N force at A, determine the principal
stresses and the maximum shearing stress at point H located as shown
on top of the 18 mm diameter shaft.
SOLUTION
V = 100 N M = (100)(150) = 15000 N mm
T = (100)(250) = 25000 N mm
Shaft cross section:
Torsion:
Bending:
1
d = 9 mm
2
1
J = c 4 = 10306 mm 4 I = J = 5153 mm 4
2
2
Tc (25000)(9)
=
=
= 21.8 N/mm 2 = 21.8 MPa
J
10306
Mc (15000)(9)
=
=
= 26.2 N/mm 2 = 26.2 MPa
I
5153
d = 18 mm, c =
Transverse shear:
At point H stress due to transverse shear is zero.
Resultant stresses:
x = 26.2 MPa, y = 0, xy = 21.8 MPa

ave =
1
( x + y ) = 13.1 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
2
2
+ xy = 13.1 + 21.8 = 25.4 MPa

2
a = ave + R = 38.5 MPa
max = R = 25.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.25
The steel pipe AB has a 102-mm outer diameter and a 6-mm wall
thickness. Knowing that arm CD is rigidly attached to the pipe,
determine the principal stresses and the maximum shearing stress
at point K.
SOLUTION
do 102
=
= 51 mm
2
2
ro =
J=
(r
2
4
o
ri = ro t = 45 mm
ri4 = 4.1855 106 mm 4
= 4.1855 106 m 4
1
I = J = 2.0927 106 m 4
2
Force-couple system at center of tube in the plane containing points H and K:

Fx = 10 kN
= 10 103 N
M y = (10 103 )(200 103 )
= 2000 N m
M z = (10 103 )(150 103 )
= 1500 N m
Torsion:
At point K, place local x-axis in negative global z-direction.

T = M y = 2000 N m
c = ro = 51 103 m
Tc (2000)(51 103 )
=
J
4.1855 106
= 24.37 106 Pa
= 24.37 MPa
xy =
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.25 (Continued)
Transverse shear:
Stress due to transverse shear V = Fx is zero at point K.
Bending:
| y | =
|M z |c (1500)(51 103 )
=
= 36.56 106 Pa = 36.56 MPa
6
I
2.0927 10
Point K lies on compression side of neutral axis:
y = 36.56 MPa
Total stresses at point K:
x = 0, y = 36.56 MPa, xy = 24.37 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 18.28 MPa

2
x y
2
R=
+ xy = 30.46 MPa
2
max = ave + R = 18.28 + 30.46
max = 12.18 MPa
min = ave R = 18.28 30.46
min = 48.7 MPa
max = R
max = 30.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.26
The axle of an automobile is acted upon by the forces and couple
shown. Knowing that the diameter of the solid axle is 32 mm,
determine (a) the principal planes and principal stresses at point H
located on top of the axle, (b) the maximum shearing stress at the
same point.
SOLUTION
c=
Torsion:
Bending:
I =
1
1
d = (32) = 16 mm = 16 103 m
2
2
Tc
2T
2(350 N m)
=
=
= 54.399 106 Pa = 54.399 MPa
3
3
3
J
c
(16 10 m)
c4 =
(16 103 )4 = 51.472 109 m 4
M = (0.15 m)(3 103 N) = 450 N m
(450)(16 103 )
My
=
= 139.882 106 Pa = 139.882 MPa
I
51.472 109
Top view:
Stresses:
x = 139.882 MPa
ave =
y = 0
xy = 54.399 MPa
1
1
( x + y ) = (139.882 + 0) = 69.941 MPa
2
2
2
R=
(a)
x y
2
+ xy =
2
(69.941) 2 + (54.399) 2 = 88.606 MPa
max = ave + R = 69.941 + 88.606
max = 18.67 MPa
min = ave R = 69.941 88.606
min = 158.5 MPa
without permission.
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(2)(54.399)
= 0.77778
139.882
2 p = 37.88
p = 18.9 and 108.9
(b)
max = R = 88.6 MPa
max = 88.6 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.27
For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the largest value of xy for
which the maximum in-plane shearing stress is equal to or less than 82 MPa,
(b) the corresponding principal stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 70 MPa, y = 55 MPa, xy = ?
2
max
2
x y
70 (55)
2
2
=R=
+ xy
+ xy =
2
z
2
= 62.52 + xy
= 82 MPa
(a)
xy = 822 62.52 = 53 MPa
(b)
ave = ( x + y ) = 7.5 MPa
1
2
a = ave + R = 7.5 + 82 = 89.5 MPa
b = ave R = 7.5 82 = 74.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.28
For the state of plane stress shown, determine the largest value of y for which
the maximum in-plane shearing stress is equal to or less than 75 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa, y = ?, xy = 20 MPa
Let
u=
x y
2
Then
y = x 2u
2
R = u 2 + xy
= 75 MPa
2
u = R 2 xy
= 752 202 = 72.284 MPa
y = x 2u = 60 (2)(72.284) = 84.6 MPa or 205 MPa

Largest value of y is required.
y = 205 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.29
Determine the range of values of x for which the maximum in-plane shearing
stress is equal to or less than 50 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = ?, y = 75 MPa, xy = 40 MPa
Let U =
x y
2
x = y + 2U
2
R = U 2 + xy
= max = 50 MPa
2
U = R 2 xy
= 502 402 = 30 MPa
x = y + 2U = 75 (2)(30) = 135 MPa, 15 MPa

Allowable range
15 MPa x 135 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.30
For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the value of xy for which the
in-plane shearing stress parallel to the weld is zero, (b) the corresponding
principal stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 12 MPa, y = 2 MPa, xy = ?
Since xy = 0, x-direction is a principal direction.
p = 15
tan 2 p =
(a)
1
2
2 xy
x y
1
2
xy = ( x y ) tan 2 p = (12 2) tan( 30)
xy = 2.89 MPa
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 5 + 2.89 = 5.7735 MPa
2
1
ave = ( x + y ) = 7 MPa
2
(b)
a = ave + R = 7 + 5.7735
a = 12.77 MPa
b = ave R = 7 5.7735
b = 1.226 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.31
Solve Probs. 7.5 and 7.9, using Mohrs circle.
PROBLEM 7.5 through 7.8 For the given state of stress, determine
(a) the principal planes, (b) the principal stresses.
(a) the orientation of the planes of maximum in-plane shearing stress,
(b) the corresponding normal stress.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa,
y = 40 MPa,
xy = 35 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
= 50 MPa
Plotted points for Mohrs circle.

X : ( x , xy ) = ( 60 MPa, 35 MPa)
Y : ( y , xy ) = ( 40 MPa, 35 MPa)
C : ( ave , 0) = (50 MPa, 0)
(a)
GX 35
=
= 3.500
CG 10
= 74.05
tan =
B = = 37.03
2
= 180 = 105.95
1
2
A = = 52.97
2
R = CG + GX = 102 + 352 = 36.4 MPa
(b)
(a)
min = ave R = 50 36.4
min = 86.4 MPa
max = ave + R = 50 + 36.4
max = 13.6 MPa
D = B + 45 = 7.97
E = A + 45 = 97.97
max = R = 36.4 MPa
(b)
= ave = 50 MPa
d = 8.0
e = 98.0
max = 36.4 MPa
= 50.0 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.32
Solve Probs. 7.6 and 7.10, using Mohrs circle.
(a) the principal planes, (b) the principal stresses.
SOLUTION
x = 28 MPa,
y = 140 MPa,
xy = 42 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
= 56 MPa

X : ( x , xy ) = (28 MPa, 42 MPa)
Y : ( y , xy ) = ( 140 MPa, 42 MPa)
C : ( ave , 0) = (56 MPa, 0)
(a)
FX 42
=
= 0.5
CF 84
= 26.57
tan =
1
2
= 180 = 153.43
a = = 13.29
1
2
b = = 76.72
R = (CF ) 2 + ( FX ) 2 = (84) 2 + (42)2 = 93.9 MPa
(b)
(a)
a = max = ave + R = 56 + 93.9

min = min = ave R = 56 93.9
d = a + 45 = 31.71
e = b + 45 = 121.72
max = R
(b)
= ave
max = 37.9 MPa

min = 149.9 MPa
d = 31.7
e = 121.7
max = 93.9 MPa
= 56 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.33
Solve Prob. 7.11, using Mohrs circle.
SOLUTION
x = 63 MPa, y = 42 MPa, xy = 28 MPa

ave =
x + y
2
= 10.5 MPa
Points
X : ( x , xy ) = (63 MPa, 28 MPa)
Y : ( y , xy ) = (42 MPa, 28 MPa)
C : ( ave , 0) = (10.5 MPa, 0)
FX
28
=
= 0.5333
52.5
CF
= 28.07
tan =
a =
1
= 14.04
2
d = a + 45 = 59.04
e = a 45 = 30.96
R=
CF + FX
52.52 + 282 = 59.5 MPa
max = R = 59.5 MPa

= ave = 10.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.34
PROBLEM 7.9 through 7.12 For the given state of stress, determine (a) the orientation of the planes of
SOLUTION
x = 8 MPa, y = 30 MPa, xy = 9 MPa

ave =
1
1
( x + y ) = (6 + 36) = 18 MPa
2
2

X : ( x , xy ) = (6 MPa, 9 MPa)
Y : ( y , xy ) = (30 MPa, 9 MPa)
C : ( ave , 0) = (18 MPa, 0)
FX
9
=
= 0.75
FC 12
= 36.87
tan =
b =
(a)
d = b 45
d = 26.6
e = b + 45
e = 63.4
R=
CF + FX
max (in-plane) = R
(b)
1
= 18.43
2
= ave
= 122 + 92 = 15 MPa
max (in-plane) = 15.00 MPa
= 18.00 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.35
PROBLEM 7.13 through 7.16 For the given state of stress, determine the normal and
shearing stresses after the element shown has been rotated through (a) 25 clockwise,
(b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 0,
y = 80 MPa,
xy = 50 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
= 40 MPa

X : (0, 50 MPa)
Y : ( 80 MPa, 50 MPa)
C : ( 40 MPa, 0)
FX 50
=
= 1.25
CF 40
2 p = 51.34
tan 2 p =
R = CF + FX = 402 + 502 = 64.03 MPa
(a)
= 25 .
2 = 50
= 51.34 50 = 1.34
(b)
= 10
x = ave + R cos = 24.0 MPa
xy = R sin = 1.5 MPa
y = ave R cos = 104.0 MPa
2 = 20
= 51.34 + 20 = 71.34
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.36
PROBLEM 7.13 through 7.16 For the given state of stress, determine the normal and
shearing stresses after the element shown has been rotated through (a) 25 clockwise,
SOLUTION
x = 0
y = 80 MPa
xy = 50 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
= 40 MPa
Points
X : (0, 50 MPa)
Y : ( 80 MPa, 50 MPa)
C : ( 40 MPa, 0)
tan 2 p =
FX 50
=
= 1.25
FC 40
2 p = 51.34
2
R = CF + FX = 402 + 502 = 64.03 MPa
(a)
= 25
2 = 50
= 51.34 50 = 1.34
(b)
= 10
2 = 20
= 51.34 + 20 = 71.34
xy = + R sin = 60.7 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.37
PROBLEM 7.13 through 7.16 For the given state of stress, determine the
normal and shearing stresses after the element shown has been rotated through
(a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa,
y = 90 MPa,
xy = 30 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
= 15 MPa

X : ( 60 MPa, 30 MPa)
Y : (90 MPa, 30 MPa)
C : (15 MPa, 0)
FX 30
=
= 0.4
FC 75
2 p = 21.80
tan 2 p =
p = 10.90
2
R = FC + FX = 752 + 302 = 80.78 MPa
(a)
= 25 .
2 = 50
= 2 2 p = 50 21.80 = 28.20
(b)
= 10 .
x = ave R cos = 56.2 MPa
y = ave + R cos = 86.2 MPa
2 = 20
= 2 p + 2 = 21.80 + 20 = 41.80
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.38
PROBLEM 7.13 through 7.16 For the given state of stress, determine the normal
and shearing stresses after the element shown has been rotated (a) 25 clockwise,
SOLUTION
x = 0
y = 56 MPa
xy = 35 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
= 28 MPa
Points:
X : (0, 35 MPa)
Y : (56 MPa, 35 MPa)
C : (28 MPa, 0)
FX 35
=
= 1.25
FC 28
2 p = 51.34
tan 2 p =
R = FC + FX = 282 + 352
= 44.8 MPa
(a)
= 25
2 = 50
= 51.34 50 = 1.34
(b) = 10
2 = 20
= 51.34 + 20 = 71.34
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.39
PROBLEM 7.17 and 7.18 The grain of a wooden member forms an angle of 15
with the vertical. For the state of stress shown, determine (a) the in-plane shearing
stress parallel to the grain, (b) the normal stress perpendicular to the grain.
SOLUTION
x = y = 0
xy = 2.8 MPa
ave =
x + y
2
=0
Points
X : ( x , xy ) = (0, 4.2 MPa)
Y : ( y , xy ) = (0, 4.2 MPa)
C : ( ave , 0) = (0, 0)
= 15 2 = 30
CX = R = 4.2 MPa
(a)
xy = R cos 30 = 600 cos30 = 3.6 MPa
(b)
x = ave R sin 30 = 600 sin 30 = 2.1 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.40
PROBLEM 7.17 and 7.18 The grain of a wooden member forms an angle of
15 with the vertical. For the state of stress shown, determine (a) the in-plane
shearing stress parallel to the grain, (b) the normal stress perpendicular to the
grain.
SOLUTION
x = 2.5 MPa
y = 1.5 MPa
xy = 0
ave =
x + y
2
= 2.0 MPa

X : ( x , xy ) = ( 2.5 MPa, 0)
Y : ( y , xy ) = (1.5 MPa, 0)
C : ( ave , 0) = (2.0 MPa, 0)
= 15.
2 = 30
CX = 0.5 MPa
R = 0.5 MPa
(a)
xy = CX sin 30 = R sin 30 = 0.5 sin 30
(b)
x = ave CX sin 30 = 2.0 0.5cos 30
xy = 0.25 MPa
x = 2.43 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.41
PROBLEM 7.20 A steel pipe of 300-mm outer diameter is fabricated from
6-mm-thick plate by welding along a helix which forms an angle of 22.5 with
a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. Knowing that a 160-kN axial
force P and an 800 N m torque T, each directed as shown, are applied to the
pipe, determine and in directions, respectively, normal and tangential to
the weld.
SOLUTION
1
d 2 = 0.15 m, t = 0.006 m
2
c1 = c2 t = 0.144 m
d 2 = 0.3 m, c2 =
J = (c
2
c ) = (0.15
2
A = c22 c12 = (0.152 0.1442 ) = 5541 106 m 2

4
2
4
1
0.1444 ) = 119.8 106 m 4
Stresses
P
160 103
=
= 28.88 MPa
A
5541 106
Tc
(800)(0.15)
= 1.002 MPa
= 2 =
J
119.8 106
x = 0, y = 28.88 MPa, xy = 1.002 MPa
Draw the Mohrs circle.

X : (0, 1.002 MPa)
Y : ( 28.88 MPa, 1.002 MPa)
C : ( 14.44, 0)
1.002
= 0.06939 = 4.0
14.44
= (2)(22.5) = 41
tan =
R = (14.44) 2 + (1.002) 2 = 14.47 MPa
w = 14.44 14.47 cos 41

w = 14.47 sin 41
w = 25.4 MPa
w = 9.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.42
PROBLEM 7.20 Two members of uniform cross section 50 80 mm are glued
together along plane a-a that forms an angle of 25 with the horizontal. Knowing
that the allowable stresses for the glued joint are = 800 kPa and = 600 kPa,
determine the largest centric load P that can be applied.
SOLUTION
x = 0
xy = 0
y = P/A
A = (50 103 )(80 103 )
= 4 103 m 2
P
=
(1 + cos 50)
2A
2 A
P=
1 + cos 50
(2)(4 103 )(800 103 )
1 + cos 50
P 3.90 103 N
P
=
Choosing the smaller value,
P
2 A
(2)(4 103 )(600 103 )
sin 50 P =
= 6.27 103 N
2A
sin 50
sin 50
P = 3.90 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.43
PROBLEM 7.21 Two steel plates of uniform cross section 10 80 mm
are welded together as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN forces are
applied to the welded plates and that = 25 , determine (a) the inplane shearing stress parallel to the weld, (b) the normal stress
perpendicular to the weld.
SOLUTION
x =
P
100 103
=
= 125 106 Pa = 125 MPa
A (10 103) (80 103)
y = 0
xy = 0
From Mohrs circle:

(a)
w = 62.5sin 50
(b)
w = 62.5 + 62.5cos 50
w = 47.9 MPa
w = 102.7 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.44
PROBLEM 7.22 Two steel plates of uniform cross section 10 80 mm
are welded together as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN forces are
applied to the welded plates and that the in-plane shearing stress parallel
to the weld is 30 MPa, determine (a) the angle , (b) the corresponding
normal stress perpendicular to the weld.
SOLUTION
x =
P
100 103
=
= 125 106 Pa = 125 MPa
A (10 103 )(80 103 )
y = 0
xy = 0
From Mohrs circle:

30
= 0.48
62.5
(a)
sin 2 =
(b)
= 62.5 + 62.5cos 2
= 14.3
= 117.3 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.45
PROBLEM 7.23 A 1.8 kN vertical force is applied at D to a gear
attached to the solid one-inch diameter shaft AB. Determine the
principal stresses and the maximum shearing stress at point H located
as shown on top of the shaft.
SOLUTION
V = 1.8 kN
M = (1.8 103 )(0.150) = 270 N m
T = (1.8 103 )(0.050) = 90 N m
Shaft cross section
Torsion:
Bending:
Transverse Shear:
Resultant Stress:
1
d = 12.5 mm
2
1
J = c 4 = 38349 mm 4
I = J = 19174.5 mm 4
2
2
Tc
(90)(0.0125)
=
=
= 29.33 MPa
J
38394 1012
Mc
(270)(0.0125)
=
=
= 176 MPa
I
19174.5 1012
d = 25 mm
c=
Stress at point H is zero.
x = 176 MPa,
ave =
y = 0,
xy = 29.33 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 88 MPa
2
2
R=
=
x y
2
+ xy
2
(88) 2 + (29.33) 2 = 92.76 MPa
a = ave + R = 180.76 MPa
max = R = 92.76 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.46
PROBLEM 7.24 A mechanic uses a crowfoot wrench to loosen a bolt
at E. Knowing that the mechanic applies a vertical 100 N force at A,
determine the principal stresses and the maximum shearing stress at
point H located as shown on top of the 18 mm diameter shaft.
SOLUTION
V = 100 N
M = (100)(150) = 15000 N mm
T = (100)(250) = 25000 N mm
Shaft cross section:
d = 18 mm
J =
Torsion:
Bending:
Transverse Shear:
Resultant Stresses:
c=
1
d = 9 mm
2
c 4 = 10306 mm 4
I =
1
J = 5153 mm 4
2
2
Tc (25000)(9)
=
=
= 21.8 N/mm 2 = 21.8 MPa
J
10306
Mc (15000)(9)
=
=
= 26.2 N/mm 2 = 26.2 MPa
J
5153
At point H stress due to transverse shear is zero.
x = 26.2 MPa,
ave =
y = 0,
xy = 21.8 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 13.1 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
= 13.12 + 21.82 = 25.4 MPa
a = ave + R = 38.5 MPa
max = R = 25.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.47
PROBLEM 7.25 The steel pipe AB has a 102-mm outer diameter
and a 6-mm wall thickness. Knowing that arm CD is rigidly
attached to the pipe, determine the principal stresses and the
maximum shearing stress at point K.
SOLUTION
do 102
=
= 51 mm
2
2
ro =
J =
I =
(r
4
o
ri = ro t = 45 mm
ri4 = 4.1855 106 mm 4 = 4.1855 106 m 4
1
J = 2.0927 106 m 4
2
Force-couple system at center of tube in the plane containing points H and K:

Fx = 10 103 N
M y = (10 103 )(200 103 ) = 2000 N m
M z = (10 103 )(150 103 ) = 1500 N m
Torsion:
T = M y = 2000 N m
c = ro = 51 103 m
xy =
Tc
(2000)(51 103 )
=
= 24.37 MPa
J
4.1855 106
Note that the local x-axis is taken along a negative global z-direction.
Transverse shear:
Stress due to V = Fx is zero at point K.
Bending:
y =
Mz c
(1500)(51 103 )
=
= 36.56 MPa
I
2.0927 106
Point K lies on compression side of neutral axis.
y = 36.56 MPa
without permission.
Total stresses at point K:
x = 0,
ave =
y = 36.56 MPa,
xy = 24.37 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 18.28 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy = 30.46 MPa
2
max = ave + R = 18.28 + 30.46

max = 12.18 MPa
min = ave R = 18.28 30.46

min = 48.74 MPa
max = R
max = 30.46 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.48
PROBLEM 7.26 The axle of an automobile is acted upon by the
forces and couple shown. Knowing that the diameter of the solid
axle is 32 mm, determine (a) the principal planes and principal
stresses at point H located on top of the axle, (b) the maximum
shearing stress at the same point.
SOLUTION
Torsion:
c=
1
1
d = (32) = 16 mm = 16 103 m
2
2
Tc
2T
=
J
c3
=
I =
Bending:
2(350 N m)
(16 103 m)3
c4 =
= 54.399 106 Pa = 54.399 MPa
(16 103 ) 4 = 51.472 109 m 4
M = (0.15 m)(3 103 N) = 450 N m
My
(450)(16 103 )
=
= 139.882 106 Pa = 139.882 MPa
I
51.472 109
Stresses
Top view
x = 139.882 MPa,
Plotted points:
X : (139.882, 54.399);
ave =
y = 0,
xy = 54.399 MPa
Y : (0, 54.399);
C: (69.941, 0)
1
( x + y ) = 69.941 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
139.882
2
+ (54.399) = 88.606 MPa

2
without permission.
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(2)(54.399)
139.882
= 0.77778
a = 18.9 ,
(a)
(b)
b = 108.9
a = ave R = 69.941 88.606
a = 158.5 MPa
b = ave + R = 69.941 + 88.606
b = 18.67 MPa
max = R
max = 88.6 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.49
PROBLEM 7.27 For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the largest
value of xy for which the maximum in-plane shearing stress is equal to or less
than 82 MPa, (b) the corresponding principal stresses.
SOLUTION
The center of the Mohrs circle lies at point C with coordinates
x + y 70 55
, 0 =
, 0 = (7.5 MPa, 0).
2
2
The radius of the circle is max (in-plane) = 82 MPa
The stress point ( x , xy ) lie along the line X1 X 2 of the Mohrs circle diagram. The extreme points with
R 82 MPa are X1 and X 2 .
(a)
The largest allowable value of xy is obtained from triangle CDX,

2
DX 1 = DX 2 = CX 1 CD
2
xy
= 822 62.52 = 53 MPa
(b)
The principal stresses are
a = 7.5 + 82 = 89.5 MPa

b = 7.5 82 = 74.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.50
PROBLEM 7.28 For the state of plane stress shown, determine the largest value
of y for which the maximum in-plane shearing stress is equal to or less than
75 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa, y = ?, xy = 20 MPa
Given:
max = R = 75 MPa
XY = 2 R = 150 MPa
DY = (2)( xy ) = 40 MPa
2
XD = XY DY = 1502 402 = 144.6 MPa
y = x + XD = 60 + 144.6
y = 205 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.51
PROBLEM 7.29 Determine the range of values of x for which the maximum
in-plane shearing stress is equal to or less than 50 MPa.
SOLUTION
For the Mohrs circle, point Y lies at (75 MPa, 40 MPa). The radius of limiting circles is R = 50 MPa.
Let C1 be the location of the left most limiting circle and C2 be that of the right most one.
C1Y = 50 MPa
C2Y = 50 MPa
Noting right triangles C1 DY and C2 DY

2
C1D + DY = C1Y
C1D = 502 402
C1D = 30
Coordinates of point C1 are (0, 75 30) = (0, 45 MPa).

Likewise, coordinates of point C2 are = (0, 75 + 30) = (0, 105 MPa)
Coordinates of point X1 (45 30, 40) = (15 MPa, 40 MPa)
Coordinates of point X2 (105 + 30, 40) = (135 MPa, 40 MPa)
The point ( x , xy ) must lie on the line X1 X2
Thus 15 MPa x 135 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.52
PROBLEM 7.30 For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the value of
xy for which the in-plane shearing stress parallel to the weld is zero, (b) the
corresponding principal stresses.
SOLUTION
Point X of Mohrs circle must lie on X X so that x = 12 MPa. Likewise, point Y lies on line Y Y so
that y = 2 MPa. The coordinates of C are
2 + 12 , 0 = (7 MPa, 0).
2
Counterclockwise rotation through 150 brings line CX to CB, where = 0.

R=
(a)
(b)
xy =
x y
2
sec 30 =
12 2
sec 30 = 5.77 MPa
2
x y
tan 30
2
12 2
=
tan 30
2
a = ave + R = 7 + 5.77
b = ave R = 7 5.77
xy = 2.89 MPa
a = 12.77 MPa
b = 1.23 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.53
Solve Problem 7.30, using Mohrs circle and assuming that the weld forms an
angle of 60 with the horizontal.
PROBLEM 7.30 For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the value of
xy for which the in-plane shearing stress parallel to the weld is zero, (b) the
corresponding principal stresses.
SOLUTION
Locate point C at =
12 + 2
= 7 MPa with = 0 .
2
Angle XCB = 120
x y
2
12 2
2
= 5 MPa
=
R = 5sec 60
= 10 MPa
xy = 5 tan 60
xy = 8.66 MPa
a = ave + R
= 7 + 10
a = 17 MPa
b = ave R
= 7 10
b = 3 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.54
Determine the principal planes and the
principal stress for the state of plane stress
resulting from the superposition of the two
states of stress shown.
SOLUTION
Mohrs circle for 1st stress state.
x = 56 MPa
y = 56 MPa
xy = 0
Resultant stresses
x = 56 + 56 = 112 MPa
y = 56 + 98 = 42 MPa
xy = 84 + 0 = 84 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 77 MPa
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(2)(84)
= 2.4
70
2 p = 67.38
a = 33.69
b = 123.69
2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= 352 842 = 91 MPa
a = ave + R = 168 MPa
b = ave R = 14 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.55
Determine the principal planes and the principal
stresses for the state of plane stress resulting from
the superposition of the two states of stress shown.
SOLUTION
Mohrs circle for 2nd stress state:
x = 20 + 20 cos 60
= 30 MPa
y = 20 20 cos 60
= 10 MPa
xy = 20 sin 60
= 17.32 MPa
Resultant stresses:
x = 35 + 30 = 65 MPa
y = 25 + 10 = 35 MPa
xy = 0 + 17.32 = 17.32 MPa
ave =
tan 2 p =
1
1
( x + y ) = (65 + 35) = 50 MPa
2
2
2 xy
x y
(2) (17.32)
= 1.1547
65 35
2 p = 49.11,
a = 24.6, b = 114.6
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy = 22.91 MPa
2
a = ave + R
b = ave R
a = 72.91 MPa
b = 27.09 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.56
stresses for the state of plane stress resulting from the
superposition of the two states of stress shown.
SOLUTION
Mohrs circle for 2nd stress state:
1
1
2
2
1
1
y = 0 0 cos 2
2
2
1
xy = 0 sin 2
2
x = 0 + 0 cos 2
Resultant stresses:
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
x = 0 + 0 + 0 cos 2 = 0 + 0 cos 2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
xy = 0 + 0 sin 2 = 0 sin 2
2
2
1
ave = ( x + y ) = 0
2
2 xy
0 sin 2
=
tan 2 p =
x y 0 + 0 cos 2
1
2
y = 0 + 0 0 cos 2 = 0 0 cos 2
sin 2
= tan
1 + cos 2
1
2
p =
2
2
2
x y
1
1
1
2
R=
+ xy = 0 + 0 cos 2 + 0 sin 2
2
2
2
2
1
2
= 0 1 + 2 cos 2 + cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 =
0 1 + cos 2 = 0 |cos |
2
2
a = ave + R
a = 0 + 0 cos
b = ave R
b = 0 0 cos
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.57
Determine the principal planes and the principal stresses
for the state of plane stress resulting from the
SOLUTION
Mohrs circle for 2nd state of stress:
x = 0
y = 0
xy = 0
x = 0 sin 60 =
xy = 0 cos 60 =
3
0
2
y = 0 sin 60 =
3
0
2
1
0
2
Resultant stresses:
3
3
0 = 0
2
2
1
3
= 0 + 0 = 0
2
2
x = 0
xy
ave =
tan 2 p =
3
3
0 =
0
2
2
1
( x + y ) = 0
2
2
R=
y = 0 +
x y
2
+ xy =
2
2 xy
x y
2 p = 60
2
3
3
0 + 0 =
2
2
30
3
(2)
2 = 3
=
3
b = 30
a = 60
a = ave + R
a = 3 0
b = ave R
b = 3 0
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.58
For the state of stress shown, determine the
range of values of for which the magnitude
of the shearing stress xy is equal to or less
than 56 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 110 MPa, y = 0
xy = 42 MPa
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 55 MPa
2
2
R=
=
tan 2 P =
x y
2
+ xy
2
(55) 2 + (42)2 = 69.2 MPa

2 xy
x y
(2)(42)
= 0.7636
110
2 P = 37.36
b = 18.68
| xy | 56 MPa for states of stress corresponding to arcs HBK and UAV of Mohrs circle. The angle is
calculated from
R sin 2 = 55
2 = 52.64
55
= 0.7948
69.2
= 26.32
sin 2 =
H = b = 18.68 26.32 = 45
K = b + = 18.68 + 26.32 = 7.64
U = H + 90 = 45
V = K + 90 = 97.64
Permissible range of
H K
45 7.64
Also,
U V
45 97.64
135 187.64
225 277.64
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.59
range of values of for which the normal
stress x is equal to or less than 50 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 90 MPa, y = 0
xy = 60 MPa
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 45 MPa
2
2
R=
=
tan 2 p =
x y
2
+ xy
2
452 + 602 = 75 MPa

2 xy
x y
(2) (60)
4
=
90
3
2 p = 53.13
a = 26.565
x 50 MPa for states of stress corresponding to the arc HBK of Mohrs circle. From the circle,
R cos 2 = 50 45 = 5 MPa
cos 2 =
5
= 0.066667
75
2 = 86.177
= 43.089
h = a + = 26.565 + 43.089 = 16.524

2 k = 2 h + 360 4 = 32.524 + 360 172.355 = 220.169
k = 110.085
Permissible range of :
h k
16.524 110.085
Also,
196.524 290.085
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.60
range of values of for which the normal stress
x is equal to or less than 100 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 90 MPa, y = 0
xy = 60 MPa
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 45 MPa
2
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
R=
=
tan 2 p =
452 + 602 = 75 MPa

2 xy
x y
(2) (60)
4
=
90
3
2 p = 53.13
a = 26.565
x 100 MPa for states of stress corresponding to arc HBK of Mohrs circle. From the circle,
R cos 2 = 100 45 = 55 MPa
cos 2 =
55
= 0.73333
75
2 = 42.833
= 21.417
h = a + = 26.565 + 21.417 = 5.15

2 k = 2 h + 360 4 = 10.297 + 360 85.666 = 264.037
k = 132.02
Permissible range of is
h k
5.15 132.02
Also,
174.85 312.02
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.61
For the element shown, determine the range of values of xy for which the
maximum tensile stress is equal to or less than 60 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 20 MPa y = 120 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 70 MPa
Set
max = 60 MPa = ave + R

R = max ave = 130 MPa
But
2
x
2
R= x
+ xy
x x
xy = R 2
= 1302 502
= 120 MPa
Range of xy :
120 MPa xy 120 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.62
For the element shown, determine the range of values of xy for which the
maximum in-plane shearing stress is equal to or less than 150 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 20 MPa y = 120 MPa

1 ( ) = 50 MPa
y
2 x
Set
max (in-plane) = R = 150 MPa

2
But
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
xy
x y
= R
= 1502 502
= 141.4 MPa
Range of xy :
141.4 MPa xy 141.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.63
For the state of stress shown it is known that the normal and shearing stresses are
directed as shown and that x = 98 MPa, y = 63 MPa, and min = 35 MPa.
Determine (a) the orientation of the principal planes, (b) the principal stress max,
(c) the maximum in-plane shearing stress.
SOLUTION
1
2
x = 98 MPa, y = 63 MPa, ave = ( x + y ) = 80.5 MPa

min = ave R
R = ave min
= 80.5 35 = 45.5 MPa
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
xy
x y
2
2
= R
= 45.5 17.5 = 42 MPa
2
But it is given that xy is positive, thus xy = + 42 MPa
(a)
tan 2 P =
2 xy
x y
(2)(6)
= 2.4
5
2 P = 67.38
=
a = 33.69
b = 123.69
(b)
max = ave + R = 126 MPa
(c)
max (in-plane) = R = 45.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.64
The Mohrs circle shown corresponds to the state of stress given
in Fig. 7.5a and b. Noting that x = OC + (CX ) cos (2 p 2 ) and
that xy = (CX ) sin (2 p 2 ), derive the expressions for x and
xy given in Eqs. (7.5) and (7.6), respectively. [Hint: Use
sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B and cos ( A + B ) = cos A cos B
sin A sin B.]
SOLUTION
OC =
1
( x + y )
2
CX = CX
CX cos 2 p = CX cos 2 p =
x y
2
CX sin 2 p = CX sin 2 p = xy
x = OC + CX cos (2 p 2 )
= OC + CX (cos 2 p cos 2 + sin 2 p sin 2 )
= OC + CX cos 2 p cos 2 + CX sin 2 p sin 2
=
x +y
2
x y
2
cos 2 + xy sin 2
xy = CX sin (2 p 2 ) = CX (sin 2 p cos 2 cos 2 p sin 2 )

= CX sin 2 p cos 2 CX cos 2 p sin 2
= xy cos 2
x y
2
sin 2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.65
(a) Prove that the expression x y x2y , where x , y , and xy are components of the stress along the
rectangular axes x and y , is independent of the orientation of these axes. Also, show that the given
expression represents the square of the tangent drawn from the origin of the coordinates to Mohrs circle.
(b) Using the invariance property established in part a, express the shearing stress xy in terms of x , y , and
the principal stresses max and min .
SOLUTION
(a)
From Mohrs circle,
xy = R sin 2 p
x = ave + R cos 2 p
y = ave R cos 2 p
x y x2y
2
= ave
R 2 cos 2 2 p R 2 sin 2 2 p
2
= ave
R 2 ; independent of p .
Draw line OK from origin tangent to the circle at K. Triangle OCK is a right triangle.
2
OC = OK + CK
OK = OC CK
2
= ave
R2
= x y x2y
(b)
Applying above to x , y , and xy , and to a , b ,

2
2
2
x y xy
= a b ab
= ave
R2
But
ab = 0, a = max , b = min
2
x y xy
= max min
2
xy
= x y max min
xy = x y max min
The sign cannot be determined from above equation.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.66
For the state of plane stress shown, determine the maximum shearing stress
when (a) x = 0 and y = 60 MPa, (b) x = 105 MPa and y = 45 MPa.
(Hint: Consider both in-plane and out-of-plane shearing stresses.)
SOLUTION
(a)
x = 0, y = 60 MPa, xy = 40 MPa
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 30 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
= (30) 2 + 402 = 50 MPa

a = ave + R = 80 MPa (max)
b = ave R = 20 MPa (min)

c = 0
max = 80 MPa
(b)
min = 20 MPa
1
max = ( max min ) = 50 MPa
2
x = 105 MPa, y = 45 MPa xy = 40 MPa
ave = 75 MPa
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
= (30) 2 + 402 = 50 MPa

b = ave R = 25 MPa
c = 0
max = 125 MPa, min = 0
max =
(min)
1
( max min ) = 62.5 MPa
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.67
For the state of plane stress shown, determine the maximum shearing
stress when (a) x = 30 MPa and y = 90 MPa, (b) x = 70 MPa and
y = 10 MPa. (Hint: Consider both in-plane and out-of-plane shearing
stresses.)
SOLUTION
(a)
x = 30 MPa y = 90 MPa xy = 40 MPa

1
( x + y )
2
= 60 MPa
ave =
R=
=
x y
2
+ xy
2
302 + 402
= 50 MPa
a = ave + R = 60 + 50 = 110 MPa (max)

b = ave R = 60 50 = 10 MPa
c = 0
max (in-plane) = R = 50 MPa
1
( max min ) = 55 MPa
2
x = 70 MPa
y = 10 MPa
(min)
max =
(b)
ave =
xy = 40 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 40 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
= 302 + 402 = 50 MPa

b = ave R = 10 MPa (min)

c = 0
max = 90 MPa min = 10 MPa
max =
1
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.68
For the state of stress shown, determine the maximum shearing stress
when (a) y = 40 MPa, (b) y = 120 MPa. (Hint: Consider both inplane and out-of-plane shearing stresses.)
SOLUTION
(a)
x = 140 MPa, y = 40 MPa, xy = 80 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 90 MPa
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 50 + 80 = 94.34 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 184.34 MPa (max)

b = ave R = 4.34 MPa (min)
c = 0
1
2
max (in-plane) = ( a b ) = R = 94.34 MPa

1
2
1
2
max = ( max min ) = ( a b ) = 94.3 MPa

(b)
max = 94.3 MPa
x = 140 MPa, y = 120 MPa, xy = 80 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 130 MPa

2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 10 + 80 = 80.62 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 210.62 MPa (max)

b = ave R = 49.38 MPa
c = 0 (min)
max = a = 210.62 MPa min = c = 0
1
2
max = ( max min ) = 105.3 MPa
max = 105.3 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.69
when (a) y = 20 MPa, (b) y = 140 MPa. (Hint: Consider both inplane and out-of-plane shearing stresses.)
SOLUTION
(a)
x = 140 MPa, y = 20 MPa, xy = 80 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 80 MPa
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 60 + 80 = 100 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 80 + 100 = 180 MPa (max)

b = ave R = 80 100 = 20 MPa (min)
c = 0
1
2
max (in-plane) = ( a b ) = 100 MPa

1
2

(b)
max = 100 MPa
x = 140 MPa, y = 140 MPa, xy = 80 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 140 MPa

2
x y
2
2
R=
+ xy = 0 + 80 = 80 MPa
2

b = ave R = 60 MPa
c = 0 (min)
1
2
max (in-plane) = ( a b ) = 80 MPa

1
2
max = 110 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.70
when (a) z = +24 MPa, (b) z = 24 MPa, (c) z = 0.
SOLUTION
x = 42 MPa,
y = 12 MPa,
xy = 36 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 2.7 MPa

2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= (15) 2 + ( 36) 2 = 39 MPa
a = ave + R = 66 MPa
b = ave R = 12 MPa
(a)
z = + 24 MPa a = 66 MPa b = 12 MPa

1
2
max = 66 MPa min = 12 MPa max = ( max min ) = 39 MPa

(b)
z = 24 MPa a = 66 MPa b = 12 MPa

1
2
1
2

(c)
z = 0 a = 66 MPa b = 12 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.71
when (a) z = + 24 MPa, (b) z = 24 MPa, (c) z = 0.
SOLUTION
x = 30 MPa,
y = 60 MPa,
xy = 36 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 45 MPa
2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= (15) + (36)2 = 39 MPa
b = ave R = 6 MPa
(a)
z = + 24 MPa a = 84 MPa b = 6 MPa

1
2

(b)
z = 24 MPa a = 84 MPa b = 6 MPa

(c)
1
2
z = 0 a = 84 MPa b = 6 MPa
max = 84 MPa min = 0
1
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.72
when (a) z = 0, (b) z = +45 MPa, (c) z = 45 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 100 MPa,
y = 20 MPa,
xy = 75 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 60 MPa
2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= 402 + 752 = 85 MPa

a = ave + R = 145 MPa
b = ave R = 25 MPa
(a)
z = 0, a = 145 MPa, b = 25 MPa

1
2
max = 145 MPa, min = 25 MPa, max = ( max min )

(b)
z = +45 MPa, a = 145 MPa, b = 25 MPa

1
2
max = 145 MPa, min = 25 MPa, max = ( max min )

(c)
max = 85 MPa
max = 85 MPa
z = 45 MPa, a = 145 MPa, b = 25 MPa

max = 145 MPa,
1
2
min = 45 MPa, max = ( max min )
max = 95 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.73
when (a) z = 0, (b) z = +45 MPa, (c) z = 45 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 150 MPa,
y = 70 MPa,
xy = 75 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 110 MPa

2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= 402 + 752 = 85 MPa

a = ave + R = 195 MPa
b = ave R = 25 MPa
(a)
z = 0, a = 195 MPa, b = 25 MPa

1
2
max = 195 MPa, min = 0, max = ( max min )

(b)
z = +45 MPa, a = 195 MPa, b = 25 MPa

max = 195 MPa, min = 25 MPa,
(c)
max = 97.5 MPa
1
2
max = ( max min )
max = 85 MPa
z = 45 MPa, a = 195 MPa, b = 25 MPa

max = 195 MPa,
1
2
min = 45 MPa, max = ( max min )
max = 120 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.74
For the state of stress shown, determine two values of y for which the
maximum shearing stress is 75 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 70 MPa, xy = 40 MPa
U =
Let
ave =
y x
2
y = 2U + x
1
( x + y ) = x + U
2
2
R = U 2 + xy
,
max = R = 75 MPa,
Case (1)
(1a)
2
U = R 2 xy
U = 752 402 = 63.44 MPa
U = + 63.44 MPa, y = 2U + x = 56.88 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 6.56 MPa,
2
a = ave + R = 68.44 MPa, b = ave R = 81.56 MPa
ave =
c = 0 max = 68.44 MPa, min = 81.56 MPa max = 75 MPa

(1b)
U = 63.44 MPa y = 2U + x = 196.88 MPa (reject)
1
( x + y ) = 133.44 MPa a = ave + R = 58.44 MPa
2
b = ave R = 208.44 MPa, c = 0, max = 0
ave =
min = 208.44 MPa, max =
1
( max min ) = 104.22 MPa 75 MPa
2
without permission.
Case (2)
1
2
= 150 MPa = b
Assume max = 0, max =
min
2
b = ave R = x + U U 2 + xy
2
U 2 + xy
= x + U b
2
U 2 + xy
= ( x b ) 2 + 2( x b ) U + U 2
2U =
2
xy
( x b ) 2
(40) 2 (70 + 150)2
=
= 160 MPa
70 + 150
x b
U = 30 MPa y = 2U + x = 130 MPa
2
R = U 2 + xy
= 50 MPa
a = b + 2R = 150 + 100 = 50 MPa
O.K.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.75
SOLUTION
x = 70 MPa, xy = 42 MPa, max = 52 MPa

Let
U =
ave =
y z
y = 2U + x
1
( x + y ) = x + U
2
2
R = U 2 + xy
max = R = 52 MPa,
Case (1)
(1a)
2
U = R 2 xy
U = 30.6 MPa
U = + 30.6 MPa y = 2U + x = 131.2 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 100.6 MPa,
2
ave =
max = 152.6 MPa, min = 0, max =

(1b)
1
( max min ) = 76.3 MPa 52 MPa. Hence rejected.
2
U = 30.6 MPa y = 2U + x = 8.8 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 39.4 MPa, a = ave + R = 91.4 MPa,
2
ave =
max = 91.4 MPa, min = 12.6 MPa, max =
1
( max min ) = 52 MPa O.K.
2
without permission.

Assume min = 0 max = 2 max = 104 MPa = a
Case (2)
2
a = ave + R = x + U + U 2 + xy
2
a x U = U 2 + xy
2
( a x U ) 2 = U 2 + xy
2
( a x ) 2 2( a x )U + U 2 = U 2 + xy
2U =
2
( a x ) 2 xy
a x
U = 8.94 MPa
(104 70) 2 422

= 17.88 MPa
104 70
y = 2U + x = 52.12 MPa
1
( x + y ) = 61.06 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 104 MPa
ave =
2
R = U 2 + xy
= 42.94 MPa
b = ave R = 18.12 MPa

max = 104 MPa, min = 0 max = 52 MPa
O.K.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.76
For the state of stress shown, determine the value of xy for which the
maximum shearing stress is (a) 63 MPa, (b) 84 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 105 MPa y = 42 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 73.5 MPa

U=
x y
2
= 31.5 MPa
(MPa)
(a)
For max = 63 MPa
Center of Mohrs circle lies at point C.

Lines marked (a) show the limits on max .
Limit on max is max = 2 max = 126 MPa.
For the Mohrs circle a = max
corresponds to point Aa.
R = a ave
= 126 73.5
= 52.5 MPa
2
R = U 2 + xy
xy = R 2 U 2
= 52.52 31.52
= 42 MPa
(b)
For max = 84 MPa
Center of Mohrs circle lies at point C.

R = 84 MPa
xy = R 2 U 2 = 78.7 MPa
Checking
a = 73.5 + 84 = 157.5 MPa

b = 73.5 84 = 10.5 MPa
c = 0
1
2
O.K.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.77
For the state of stress shown, determine the value of xy for which the
maximum shearing stress is (a) 60 MPa, (b) 78 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 100 MPa, y = 40 MPa, z = 0

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 70 MPa
(a)
max = 60 MPa.
If z is min , then max = min + 2 max .
max = 0 + (2)(60) = 120 MPa

max = ave + R
R = max ave = 120 70 = 50 MPa
b = max 2 R = 20 MPa > 0
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 30 + xy = 50 MPa
2
xy = 40 MPa
xy = 502 302
(b)
max = 78 MPa.
If z is min , then max = min + 2 max = 0 + (2)(78) = 156 MPa.
max = ave + R
R = max ave = 156 70 = 86 MPa > max = 78 MPa
Set
R = max = 78 MPa. min = ave R = 8 MPa < 0
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 30 + xy
2
xy = 782 302
xy = 72 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.78
SOLUTION
x = 90 MPa, z = 0,
xz = 60 MPa
Mohrs circle of stresses in zx-plane:
ave =
1
( x + z ) = 45 MPa
2
R=
x y
2
+ zx =
2
452 + 602 = 75 MPa
a = ave + R = 120 MPa, b = ave R = 30 MPa
Assume
max = a = 120 MPa.

y = min = max 2 max
= 120 (2) (80)
Assume
y = 40 MPa
min = b = 30 MPa.
y = max = min + 2 max
= 30 + (2)(8)
y = 130 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.79
For the state of stress shown, determine the range of values of xz for
which the maximum shearing stress is equal to or less than 60 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 60 MPa, z = 0,
y = 100 MPa
For Mohrs circle of stresses in zx-plane

1
( x + z ) = 30 MPa
2
z
u = x
= 30 MPa
2
ave =
Assume
max = y = 100 MPa

min = b = max 2 max
= 100 (2) (60) = 20 MPa
R = ave b
= 30 (20) = 50 MPa
a = ave + R
= 30 + 50 = 80 MPa < y
R=
2
u 2 + xz
xz = R 2 u 2
= 502 302 = 40 MPa
40 MPa xz 40 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.80*
For the state of stress of Prob. 7.69, determine (a) the value of y for
which the maximum shearing stress is as small as possible, (b) the
corresponding value of the shearing stress.
SOLUTION
u=
Let
x y
y = x 2u
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = x u
2
R = u 2 + xy
2
a = ave + R = x u + u 2 + xy
2
b = ave R = x u u 2 + xy
Assume max is the in-plane shearing stress.
max = R
Then max (in-plane) is minimum if u = 0.
y = x 2u = x = 140 MPa,
ave = x u = 140 MPa
R = xy = 80 MPa
a = ave + R = 140 + 80 = 220 MPa

b = ave R = 140 80 = 60 MPa
max = 220 MPa, min = 0,
1
2
Assumption is incorrect.
Assume
2
max = a = ave + R = x u + u 2 + xy
min = 0
1
2
1
2
max = ( max min ) = a
d a
u
= 1 +
0
2
2
du
u + xy
(no minimum)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.80* (Continued)
Optimum value for u occurs when max (out-of-plane) = max (in-plane)

1
2
( a + R) = R or a = R or x u = u 2 + xy
2
2
2
( x u ) 2 = x2 2u x + u = u + xy
2u =
2
x2 xy
(a)
y = x 2u = 140 94.3
(b)
2
R = u 2 + xy
= max = 92.9 MPa
1402 802
= 94.3 MPa
140
u = 47.14 MPa
y = 45.7 MPa
max = 92.9 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.81
The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component made of a steel with
Y = 325 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion, determine whether
yield will occur when (a) 0 = 200 MPa, (b) 0 = 240 MPa, (c) 0 = 280 MPa.
If yield does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
2
ave = 0
(a)
0 = 200 MPa
x y
2
R=
+ xy = 100 MPa
2
ave = 200 MPa

a = ave + R = 100 MPa,
b = ave R = 300 MPa
a2 + b2 a b = 264.56 MPa < 325 MPa
F . S. =
(b)
0 = 240 MPa
325
264.56
F . S . = 1.228
ave = 240 MPa

a = ave + R = 140 MPa,
b = ave R = 340 MPa
a2 + b2 a b = 295.97 MPa < 325 MPa

F . S. =
(c)
0 = 280 MPa
(No yielding)
325
295.97
(No yielding)
F . S . = 1.098
ave = 280 MPa

a = ave + R = 180 MPa,
a2 + b2 a b = 329.24 MPa > 325 MPa
b = ave R = 380 MPa

(Yielding occurs)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.82
Solve Prob. 7.81, using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion.
PROBLEM 7.81 The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component
made of a steel with Y = 325 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy
criterion, determine whether yield will occur when (a) 0 = 200 MPa,
(b) 0 = 240 MPa, (c) 0 = 280 MPa. If yield does occur, determine the
corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
2
ave = 0
(a)
0 = 200 MPa,
x y
2
R=
+ xy = 100 MPa
2
ave = 200 MPa

a = ave + R = 100 MPa
max = 0,
b = ave R = 300 MPa
min = 300 MPa
2 max = max min = 300 MPa < 325 MPa

F . S. =
(b)
0 = 240 MPa,
325
300
F . S . = 1.083
ave = 240 MPa

a = ave + R = 140 MPa,
max = 0,
b = ave R = 340 MPa
min = 340 MPa
2 max = max min = 340 MPa > 325 MPa
(c)
0 = 280 MPa,
(No yielding)
(Yielding occurs)
ave = 280 MPa

a = ave + R = 180 MPa,
max = 0,
b = ave R = 380 MPa
min = 380 MPa
(Yielding occurs)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.83

yield occurs when (a) xy = 42 MPa, (b) xy = 84 MPa, (c) xy = 98 MPa. If yield
does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
x = 168 MPa y = 98 MPa z = 0

ave =
For stresses in xy-plane
x y
2
1
( x + y ) = 133 MPa
2
= 35 MPa
2
(a)
xy = 6 MPa
x y
2
+ xy =
2
R=
(35)2 + (42) 2 = 54.7 MPa

a2 + b2 a b = 163.3 MPa < 210 MPa
F .S. =
(No yielding)
210
= 1.286
163.3
(b)
x y
2
+ xy =
2
xy = 84 MPa R =
(35) 2 + (84)2 = 91 MPa

a2 + b2 a b = 206.2 MPa < 210 MPa
F .S. =
(No yielding)
210
= 1.018
206.2
(c)
xy = 98 MPa
R=
x y
2
+ xy =
2
(35) 2 + (98) 2 = 104.1 MPa

a2 + b2 a b = 224 MPa > 210 MPa
(Yielding occurs)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.84
Solve Prob. 7.83, using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion.
PROBLEM 7.83 The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component
made of a steel with Y = 210 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy
criterion, determine whether yield occurs when (a) xy = 42 MPa, (b) xy = 84 MPa,
(c) xy = 98 MPa. If yield does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of
safety.
SOLUTION
x = 168 MPa y = 98 MPa z = 0

ave =
x y
2
1
( x + y ) = 133 MPa
2
= 35 MPa
2
(a)
xy = 42 MPa
R=
x y
2
+ xy = 54.7 MPa
2

max = 187.7 MPa, min = 0
2 max = max min = 187.7 MPa < 210 MPa

F .S. =
(No yielding)
210
= 1.119
187.7
(b)
xy = 84 MPa R =
x y
2
+ xy = 91 MPa
2

max = 224 MPa min = 0
(Yielding occurs)
(c)
xy = 98 MPa R =
x y
2
+ xy = 104.1 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 237.1 MPa b = ave R = 28.9 MPa

max = 237.1 MPa min = 0
2 max = max min = 237.1 > 210 MPa
(Yielding occurs)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.85
The 36-mm-diameter shaft is made of a grade of steel with a 250-MPa tensile yield
stress. Using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion, determine the magnitude of the
torque T for which yield occurs when P = 200 kN.
SOLUTION
P = 200 kN = 200 103 N
c=
1
d = 18 mm = 18 103 m
2
A = c 2 = (18 103 ) 2 = 1.01788 103 m 2

200 103
P
=
= 196.488 106 Pa
A
1.01788 103
= 196.488 MPa
y =
x = 0
ave =
1
1
( x + y ) = y = 98.244 MPa
2
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy =
2
2
(98.244)2 + xy
a = ave + R (positive)
b = ave R (negative)
a b = 2R
a b > a
a b > b
Maximum shear stress criterion under the above conditions:
a b = 2R = Y = 250 MPa
R = 125 MPa
Equating expressions for R,

2
(98.244)2 + xy
125 =
xy = (125) 2 (98.244) 2 = 77.286 MPa = 77.286 106 Pa

Torsion:
J =
c4 =
(18 103 ) 4 = 164.896 109 m 4
2
2
Tc
xy =
J
J xy
(164.846 109 )(77.286 106 )
=
T =
c
18 103
= 708 N m
T = 708 N m
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.86
Solve Prob. 7.85, using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion.
PROBLEM 7.85 The 36-mm-diameter shaft is made of a grade of steel with a
250-MPa tensile yield stress. Using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion,
determine the magnitude of the torque T for which yield occurs when P = 200 kN.
SOLUTION
1
d = 18 mm = 18 103 m
2
A = c 2 = (18 103 ) 2 = 1.01788 103 m 2
P = 200 kN = 200 103 N
c=
200 103
P
=
= 196.488 106 Pa
3
A
1.01788 10
= 196.448 MPa
1
1
x = 0
ave = ( x + y ) = y = 98.244 MPa
2
2
y =
x y
R=
2
a = ave + R
2
2
2
+ xy = (98.244) + xy
b = ave R
Distortion energy criterion:
a2 + b2 a b = Y2
( ave + R)2 + ( ave R)2 ( ave + R)( ave R) = Y2
2
ave
+ 3R 2 = Y2
2
(98.244) 2 + (3)[(98.244)2 + xy
] = (250) 2
xy = 89.242 MPa
Torsion:
J=
xy
c4 =
2
Tc
=
J
J xy
(18 103 ) 4 = 164.846 109 m 4
(164.846 109 )(89.242 106 )

c
18 103
= 818 N m
T=
T = 818 N m
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.87
The 38 mm diameter shaft AB is made of a grade of steel for which the yield
strength is Y = 250 MPa. Using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion,
determine the magnitude of the torque T for which yield occurs when
P = 240 kN.
SOLUTION
P = 240 103 N
(38)2 = 1.1341 103 mm 2 = 1.1341 103 m 2

4
4
P
240 103
= 211.6 106 Pa = 211.6 MPa
x = =
3
A 1.1341 10
A=
d2 =
y = 0
1
2
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = x
2
x y
1 2
2
2
R=
x + xy
+ xy =
2
4
2
2 max = 2 R = x2 + 4 xy
=y
2
4 xy
= y2 x2
1
1
2502 211.62
y2 x2 =
2
2
= 65.568 106 Pa = 66.568 MPa
xy =
From torsion
xy =
J xy
Tc
T=
J
c
38
3
4
4
9
= 204.71 10 mm = 204.71 10 m
2
2 2
1
c = d = 19 103 m
2
(204.71 109 )(65.668 106 )
= 717 N m
T=
19 103
J=
c4 =
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.88
Solve Prob. 7.87, using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion.
PROBLEM 7.87 The 38 mm diameter shaft AB is made of a grade of steel
for which the yield strength is Y = 250 MPa. Using the maximumshearing-stress criterion, determine the magnitude of the torque T for which
yield occurs when P = 240 kN.
SOLUTION
P = 240 103 N
(38)2 = 1.1341 103 mm 2 = 1.1341 103 m 2

4
4
P
240 103
= 211.6 106 Pa = 211.6 MPa
x = =
3
A 1.1341 10
y = 0
A=
d2 =
1
2
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = x
2
x y
1 2
2
2
R=
x + xy
+ xy =
2
4
1
2
1 2
2
x + xy
4
1
2
1 2
x + x2y
4
a = ave + R = x +
b = ave R = x
1
4
1 2
1
2
2
x + xy
+ x2 + xy
4
4
a2 + b2 a b = x2 + x
1
1 2
1
2
2
+ x2 x
x + xy
+ x2 + xy
4
4
4
1
1
2
x2 + x2 + xy
4
4
2
= x2 + 3 xy
= y2
xy
1 2
y x2
3
1
=
2502 211.62 = 76.867 106 Pa = 76.867 MPa
3
2
xy
=
without permission.
From torsion
xy =
J xy
Tc
T=
J
c
38
3
4
4
9
= 204.71 10 mm = 204.71 10 m
2
2 2
1
c = d = 19 103 m
2
(204.71 109 )(76.876 106 )
T=
= 828 N m
19 103
J=
c4 =
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.89
The state of plane stress shown is expected to occur in an aluminum casting.
Knowing that for the aluminum alloy used UT = 80 MPa and
UC = 200 MPa and using Mohrs criterion, determine whether rupture of

the casting will occur.
SOLUTION
x = 10 MPa,
y = 100 MPa,
xy = 60 MPa
ave =
x +y
2
10 100
= 45 MPa
2
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = (55) + (60) = 81.39 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 45 + 81.39 = 36.39 MPa

b = ave R = 45 81.39 = 126.39 MPa
Equation of 4th quadrant of boundary:
b =1
UT UC
36.39 ( 126.39)
= 1.087 > 1
80
200
Rupture will occur.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.90
Knowing that for the aluminum alloy used UT = 80 MPa and
UC = 200 MPa and using Mohrs criterion, determine whether rupture of the
casting will occur.
SOLUTION
x = 32 MPa,
y = 0,
xy = 75 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 16 MPa
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = (16) + (75) = 76.69 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 16 + 76.69 = 60.69 MPa

b = ave R = 16 76.69 = 92.69 MPa
Equation of 4th quadrant of boundary:
b =1
UT UC
60.69 (92.69)
= 1.222 > 1
80
200
Rupture will occur.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.91
Knowing that for the aluminum alloy used UT = 70 MPa and UC = 210 MPa
and using Mohrs criterion, determine whether rupture of the component will
occur.
SOLUTION
x = 56 MPa,
y = 0,
xy = 49 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 28 MPa
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 28 + 49 = 56.4 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 28 + 56.4 = 28.4 MPa

b = ave R = 28 56.4 = 84.4 MPa
Equation of 4th quadrant of boundary
b =1
UT UC
28.4 (84.4)
= 0.808 < 1
70
210
No rupture.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.92
Knowing that for the aluminum alloy used UT = 70 MPa and UC = 210 MPa
and using Mohrs criterion, determine whether rupture of the component will
occur.
SOLUTION
x = 14 MPa
y = 105 MPa
xy = 63 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 45.5 MPa

2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 59.5 + 63 = 86.7 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 41.2 MPa

b = ave R = 132.2 MPa
Equation of 4th quadrant of boundary
b =1
UT UC
41.2 ( 132.2)
= 1.218 > 1
70
210
Rupture will occur.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.93
The state of plane stress shown will occur at a critical point in an aluminum
casting that is made of an alloy for which UT = 70 MPa and UC = 170 MPa.
Using Mohrs criterion, determine the shearing stress 0 for which failure
should be expected.
SOLUTION
x = 56 MPa,
y = 0,
xy = 0
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 28 MPa
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 28 + 0 ,
2
0 = R 2 42
a = ave + R = (28 + R) MPa
b = ave R = (28 R) MPa
Since ave < R, stress point lies in 4th quadrant. Equation of 4th quadrant boundary is
b =1
UT UC
28 + R 28 R
=1
70
170
1
28 28
1
+
+
R =1
70
170
70
170
R = 37.9 MPa
0 = 37.92 282 = 25.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.94
The state of plane stress shown will occur at a critical point in a pipe made of
an aluminum alloy for which UT = 75 MPa and UC = 150 MPa. Using
Mohrs criterion, determine the shearing stress 0 for which failure should be
expected.
SOLUTION
x = 80 MPa,
y = 0,
xy = 0
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 40 MPa
2
x y
2
2
2
R=
+ xy = 40 + 0 MPa
2
a = ave + R
b = ave R
0 = R 2 402
Since ave < R, stress point lies in 4th quadrant. Equation of 4th quadrant boundary is
b =1
UT UC
40 + R 40 R
=1
75
150
R
R
40 40
+
=1+
= 1.2667
75 150
75 150
R = 63.33 MPa,
0 = 63.332 402
0 = 8.49 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.95
The cast-aluminum rod shown is made of an alloy for which
UT = 60 MPa and UC = 120 MPa. Using Mohrs criterion,
determine the magnitude of the torque T for which failure should be
expected.
SOLUTION
P = 26 103 N
x =
A=
(32) 2 = 804.25 mm 2 = 804.25 106 m 2
26 103
P
=
= 32.328 106 Pa = 32.328 MPa
A 804.25 106
1
1
2
2
x y 1
= (32.328 0) = 16.164 MPa
2
2
ave = ( x + y ) = (32.328 + 0) = 16.164 MPa
a = ave + R = 16.164 + R MPa

b = ave R = 16.164 R MPa
Since ave < R, stress point lies in the 4th quadrant. Equation of the 4th quadrant is
16.164 + R 16.164 R
b =1
=1
UT UC
60
120
1
16.164 16.164
1
60 + 120 R = 1 60 + 120
x y 2
R=
+ xy
2
R = 34.612 MPa
2
xy
x y
2
2
= R
= 34.612 16.164 = 30.606 MPa
2
= 30.606 106 Pa
For torsion,
xy =
T=
Tc 2T
=
J c3
c3 xy =
where c =
1
d = 16 mm = 16 103 m
2
(16 103 )3 (30.606 106 )
T = 196.9 N m
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.96
The cast-aluminum rod shown is made of an alloy for which
UT = 70 MPa and UC = 175 MPa. Knowing that the magnitude T
of the applied torques is slowly increased and using Mohrs criterion,
determine the shearing stress 0 that should be expected at rupture.
SOLUTION
x = 0
y = 0
xy = 0
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 0
2
x y
2
2
R=
+ xy = 0 + xy = xy
2
a = ave + R = R
b = ave R = R
Since ave < R, stress point lies in 4th quadrant. Equation of boundary of 4th quadrant is
b =1
UT UC
R R
=1
70 175
1
1
+
R =1
70 175
R = 50 MPa
0 = R
0 = 50.0 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.97
A machine component is made of a grade of cast
iron for which UT = 56 MPa and UC = 140 MPa.
For each of the states of stress shown, and using
Mohrs criterion, determine the normal stress 0 at
which rupture of the component should be expected.
SOLUTION
(a)
a = 0,
1
2
b = 0
Stress point lies in 1st quadrant.
a = 0 = UT = 56 MPa
(b)
a = 0,
1
2
b = 0
Stress point lies in 4th quadrant. Equation of 4th quadrant boundary is
b =1
UT UC
0
56
(c)
12 0
140
=1
0 = 46.7 MPa
1
2
a = 0 , b = 0 , 4th quadrant
1
2 0
56
0
=1
140
0 = 62.2 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.98
A spherical gas container made of steel has a 5-m outer diameter and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing that
the internal pressure is 350 kPa, determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress in
the container.
SOLUTION
d = 5 m t = 6 mm = 0.006 m, r =
d
t = 2.494 m
2
pr
(350 103 Pa)(2.494 m)
=
= 72.742 106 Pa
2t
2(0.006 m)
= 72.7 MPa
max = 72.742 MPa
min 0 (Neglecting small radialstress)
max =
1
( max min )
2
max = 36.4 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.99
The maximum gage pressure is known to be 8 MPa in a spherical steel pressure vessel having a 250-mm outer
diameter and a 6-mm wall thickness. Knowing that the ultimate stress in the steel used is U = 400 MPa,
determine the factor of safety with respect to tensile failure.
SOLUTION
r =
250
d
t =
6 = 119 mm = 119 103 m, t = 6 103 m
2
2
1 = 2 =
F .S . =
(8 106 Pa)(119 103 m)

pr
=
= 79.333 106 Pa
2t
2(6 103 m)
U
400 106
=
max 79.333 106
F .S . = 5.04
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.100
A basketball has a 300-mm outer diameter and a 3-mm wall thickness. Determine the normal stress in the wall
when the basketball is inflated to a 120-kPa gage pressure.
SOLUTION
r =
1
d t = 147 mm = 147 103 m
2
1 = 2 =
p = 120 103 Pa
pr
(120 103 )(147 103 )
=
= 2.94 104 Pa
3
2t
(2)(3 10 )
= 2.94 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.101
A spherical pressure vessel of 900-mm outer diameter is to be fabricated from a steel having an ultimate
stress U = 400 MPa. Knowing that a factor of safety of 4.0 is desired and that the gage pressure can reach
3.5 MPa, determine the smallest wall thickness that should be used.
SOLUTION
all =
all
F .S.
pr
=
2t
400
= 100 MPa
4.0
r =
d
t = (0.45 t ) m
2
2 allt = pr
2(100) t = 3.5(0.45 t )
203.5 t = 1.575
t = 7.74 103 m
tmin = 7.74 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.102
A spherical pressure vessel is 3 m in diameter and has a wall thickness of 12 mm. Knowing that for the steel
used all = 80 MPa, E = 200 GPa and v = 0.29, determine (a) the allowable gage pressure, (b) the
corresponding increase in the diameter of the vessel.
SOLUTION
1
1
d t = (3000) 12 = 1488 mm
2
2
1 = 2 = all = 8 MPa
r =
2t 1 (2)(12)(80)
=
= 1.290 MPa
r
1488
1
1v
1 0.29
1 = ( 1 v 2 ) =
1 =
(8 106 ) = 28.4
9
E
E
200 10
pr
2t
(a)
1 = 2 =
(b)
d = d 1 = (3000)(28.4 106 ) = 85.2 103 mm = 0.0852 mm
p=
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.103
A spherical gas container having an outer diameter of 5 m and a wall thickness of 22 mm is made of steel for
which E = 200 GPa and v = 0.29. Knowing that the gage pressure in the container is increased from zero to
1.7 MPa, determine (a) the maximum normal stress in the container, (b) the corresponding increase in the
diameter of the container.
SOLUTION
r =
(a)
1 = 2 =
d
5
t = 22 103 = 2.478 m, t = 22 103 m
2
2
pr
(1.7 106 Pa)(2.478m)
=
= 95.741 106 Pa
3
2t
2(22 10 m)
max = 95.7 MPa

(b)
1 =
=
1
1 v
1
(1 v 2 ) =
E
E
(1 0.29)(95.741 106 Pa)

= 339.88 106
200 109 Pa
d = d 1 = (5 103 mm)(339.88 106 )

d = 1.699 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.104
A steel penstock has a 750-mm outer diameter, a 12-mm wall
thickness, and connects a reservoir at A with a generating station
at B. Knowing that the density of water is 1000 kg/m3 , determine
the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress in
the penstock under static conditions.
SOLUTION
1
1
d t = (750) 12 = 363 mm = 363 103 m
2
2
t = 12 mm = 12 103 m
r=
p = gh = (1000 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(300 m)

= 2.943 106 Pa
1 =
pr (2.943 106 )(363 103 )

=
= 89.0 106 Pa
t
12 103
max = 1
max = 89.0 MPa
min = p 0
1
2
max = ( max min )
max = 44.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.105
A steel penstock has a 750-mm outer diameter and connects a
reservoir at A with a generating station at B. Knowing that the
density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and that the allowable normal
stress in the steel is 85 MPa, determine the smallest thickness
that can be used for the penstock.
SOLUTION
p = gh = (1000 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(300 m)
= 2.943 106 Pa
1 = 85 MPa = 85 106 Pa
1
1
d t = (750 103 ) t = 0.375 t
2
2
pr
1 =
t
r =
85 106 =
(2.943 106 )(0.375 t )

t
(87.943 106 )t = 1.103625 106 t = 12.549 103 m

t = 12.55 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.106
The bulk storage tank shown in Photo 7.3 has an outer diameter of 3.3 m and a wall thickness of 18 mm. At a
time when the internal pressure of the tank is 1.5 MPa, determine the maximum normal stress and the
maximum shearing stress in the tank.
SOLUTION
r =
1 =
d
3.3
t =
18 103 = 1.632 m,
2
2
t = 18 103 m
(1.5 106 Pa)(1.632 m)

pr
=
= 136 106 Pa
3
t
18 10 m
max = 1 = 136 106 Pa
max = 136.0 MPa
min = p 0
max =
1
( max min ) = 68 106 Pa
2
max = 68.0 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.107
Determine the largest internal pressure that can be applied to a cylindrical tank of 1.75-m outer diameter and
16-mm wall thickness if the ultimate normal stress of the steel used is 450 MPa and a factor of safety of 5.0 is
desired.
SOLUTION
U
450 MPa
=
= 90 MPa = 90 106 Pa
5
F .S .
1
1.75
r = d t =
16 103 = 0.859 m
2
2
1 =
1 =
pr
t
p=
t1 (16 103 )(90 106 )

=
= 1.676 106 Pa 1 = 1.676 MPa
r
0.859
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.108
A cylindrical storage tank contains liquefied propane under a pressure of 1.5 MPa at a temperature of 38C.
Knowing that the tank has an outer diameter of 320 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm, determine the
maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress in the tank.
SOLUTION
r =
d
320
t =
3 = 157 mm = 157 103 m
2
2
t = 3 103 m
1 =
pr
(1.5 106 Pa)(157 103 m)
=
= 78.5 106 Pa
3
t
3 10 m
max = 1 = 78.5 106 Pa
max = 78.5 MPa
min = p 0
max =
1
( max min ) = 39.25 106 Pa
2
max = 39.3 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.109
The unpressurized cylindrical storage tank shown has a 5-mm wall thickness
and is made of a steel having a 420-MPa ultimate strength in tension.
Determine the maximum height h to which it can be filled with water if a
factor of safety of 4.0 is desired. (Density of water = 9810 N/m3.)
SOLUTION
d0 = 7500 mm
1
d t = 3750 5 = 3745 mm
2
420
all = U =
= 105 MPa
F .S . 4.0
pr
all =
t
t
(5)(105)
p = all =
= 140.2 kPa
r
3745
p
140100
h=
=
= 14.3 m
g (1000)(9.81)
r=
But p = h
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.110
For the storage tank of Prob. 7.109, determine the maximum normal stress and
the maximum sharing stress in the cylindrical wall when the tank is filled to
capacity (h = 14.4 m).
PROBLEM 7.109 The unpressurized cylindrical storage tank shown has a
5-mm wall thickness and is made of steel having a 420-MPa ultimate strength in
tension. Determine the maximum height h to which it can be filled with water
if a factor of safety of 4.0 is desired. (Specific weight of water = 9810 N/m3.)
SOLUTION
d0 = 7.5 m
t = 0.005 m
1
r = d t = 3.745 m
2
p = h = (9810)(14.4) = 141264 Pa
pr (141264)(3.745)
=
= 105.81 MPa
1 =
t
0.005
max = 1
max = 105.8 MPa

1
2
min 0 max = ( max min )
max = 52.9 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.111
A standard-weight steel pipe of 300-mm nominal diameter carries water under a pressure of 2.8 MPa.
(a) Knowing that the outside diameter is 320 mm and the wall thickness is 10 mm, determine the maximum
tensile stress in the pipe. (b) Solve part a, assuming an extra-strong pipe is used, of 320 mm outside diameter
and 12-mm wall thickness.
SOLUTION
1
d 0 t = 0.15 m
2
(a)
d0 = 0.32 m t = 0.01 m r =
(b)
pr (2.8)(0.15)
=
= 42 MPa
t
0.01
1
d0 = 0.32 m t = 0.012 m r = d 0 t = 0.148 m
2
pr (2.8)(0.148)
=
=
= 34.5 MPa
t
0.012
= 42 MPa
= 34.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.112
The pressure tank shown has an 8-mm wall thickness and butt-welded
seams forming an angle = 20 with a transverse plane. For a gage
pressure of 600 kPa, determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular to the
weld, (b) the shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
d = 1.6 m t = 8 103 m r =
1
d t = 0.792 m
2
pr (600 103 )(0.792)

=
= 59.4 106 Pa
3
t
8 10
pr (600 103 )(0.792)
=
= 29.7 106 Pa
2 =
3
2t
(2)(8 10 )
1
ave = (1 + 2 ) = 44.56 106 Pa
2
1
R = (1 2 ) = 14.85 106 Pa
2
1 =
(a)
w = ave R cos 40 = 33.17 106 Pa
w = 33.2 MPa
(b)
w = R sin 40 = 9.55 106 Pa
w = 9.55 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.113
For the tank of Prob. 7.112, determine the largest allowable gage pressure,
knowing that the allowable normal stress perpendicular to the weld is
120 MPa and the allowable shearing stress parallel to the weld is 80 MPa.
PROBLEM 7.112 The pressure tank shown has a 8-mm wall thickness and
butt-welded seams forming an angle = 20 with a transverse plane. For
a gage pressure of 600 kPa, determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular
to the weld, (b) the shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
d = 1.6 m t = 8 103 m r =
1
d t = 0.792 m
2
pr
pr
2 =
2t
t
1
3 pr
ave = (1 + 2 ) =
2
4 t
1
1 pr
R = (1 2 ) =
2
4 t
R
cos
40
w = ave
1 =
pr
3 1
pr
= cos 40
= 0.5585
t
4 4
t
p=
wt
0.5585 r
(120 106 )(8 103 )

= 2.17 106 Pa = 2.17 MPa
(0.5585)(0.792)
1
4
pr
pr
= 0.1607
t
t
w = R sin 40 = sin 40
p=
wt
0.1607r
(80 106 )(8 103 )

= 5.03 106 Pa = 5.03 MPa
(0.1607)(0.792)
The largest allowable pressure is the smaller value.
p = 2.17 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.114
For the tank of Prob. 7.112, determine the range of values of that can be
used if the shearing stress parallel to the weld is not to exceed 12 MPa
when the gage pressure is 600 kPa.
PROBLEM 7.112 The pressure tank shown has a 8-mm wall thickness and
butt-welded seams forming an angle = 20 with a transverse plane. For
a gage pressure of 600 kPa, determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular
SOLUTION
d = 1.6 m t = 8 103 mm r =
1
d t = 0.792 m
2
pr (600 103 )(0.792)

=
t
8 103
= 59.4 106 Pa = 59.4 MPa
pr
= 29.7 MPa
2 =
2t
2
R= 1
= 14.85 MPa
2
w = R |sin 2 |
1 =
|sin 2 a | =
N
R
12
= 0.80808
14.85
2 a = 53.91
a = +27.0
2 b = + 53.91
b = 27.0
2 c = 180 53.91 = +126.09
c = 63.0
2 d = 180 + 53.91 = + 233.91
d = 117.0
Let the total range of values for be

Safe ranges for :
180 < 180

22.0 27.0
and 63.0 117.0
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.115
The steel pressure tank shown has a 750-mm inner diameter and a 9-mm wall
thickness. Knowing that the butt-welded seams form an angle = 50 with
the longitudinal axis of the tank and that the gage pressure in the tank is
1.5 MPa, determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular to the weld, (b) the
shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
r =
d
= 375 mm = 0.375 m
2
1 =
(1.5 106 Pa 0.375 m)

pr
=
= 62.5 106 Pa = 62.5 MPa
0.009 m
t
2 =
1
1 = 31.25 MPa
2
2 = 100
1
(1 + 2 ) = 46.875 MPa
2
2
R= 1
= 15.625 MPa
2
ave =
(a)
w = ave + R cos100
w = 44.2 MPa
(b)
w = R sin100
w = 15.39 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.116
The pressurized tank shown was fabricated by welding strips of plate along a
helix forming an angle with a transverse plane. Determine the largest
value of that can be used if the normal stress perpendicular to the weld is
not to be larger than 85 percent of the maximum stress in the tank.
SOLUTION
1 =
pr
t
2 =
pr
2t
1
2
3 pr
4 t
1 2 1 pr
R=
=
2
4 t
w = ave R cos 2
ave = (1 + 2 ) =
0.85
pr 3 1
pr
= cos 2
t
4 4
t
cos 2 = 4 0.85 = 0.4

4
2 = 113.6
= 56.8
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.117
The cylindrical portion of the compressed air tank shown is fabricated of 6 mm thick
plate welded along a helix forming an angle = 30 with the horizontal. Knowing
that the allowable stress normal to the weld is 75 MPa, determine the largest gage
pressure that can be used in the tank.
SOLUTION
r =
1 =
ave =
R=
w =
1
1
d t = (500) 6 = 244 mm
2
2
1 pr
pr
2 =
2 t
t
1
3 pr
(1 + 2 ) =
2
4 t
1 2 1 pr
=
2
4 t
ave R cos 60
5 pr
8 t
8 wt
p=
5 r
8 (75)(6)
p=
= 2.95 MPa
5 244
=
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.118
The cylindrical portion of the compressed air tank shown is fabricated of 6 mm thick
plate welded along a helix forming an angle = 30 with the horizontal. Determine
the gage pressure that will cause a shearing stress parallel to the weld of 30 MPa.
SOLUTION
1
1
d t = (500) 6 = 244 mm
2
2
pr
1 pr
1 = , 2 =
2 t
t
2 1 pr
=
R= 1
2
4 t
w = R sin 60
r=
3 pr
8 t
8 wt
p=
3 R
=
p=
8 (30)(6)
= 3.41 MPa
3 244
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.119
Square plates, each of 16-mm thickness, can be bent and welded
together in either of the two ways shown to form the cylindrical
portion of a compressed air tank. Knowing that the allowable
normal stress perpendicular to the weld is 65 MPa, determine
the largest allowable gage pressure in each case.
SOLUTION
1
1
d t = (5) 16 103 = 2.484 m
2
2
pr
pr
1 =
2 =
t
2t
r =
(a)
1 = 65 MPa = 65 106 Pa
p =
1t
r
(65 106 )(16 103 )

= 419 103 Pa
2.484
p = 419 kPa
(b)
1
3 pr
(1 + 2 ) =
2
4 t
2 1 pr
R= 1
=
2
4 t
= 45
ave =
w = ave + R cos
=
p =
3 pr
4 t
4 wt
(4)(65 106 )(16 103 )
=
= 558 103 Pa
3r
(3)(2.484)
p = 558 kPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.120
The compressed-air tank AB has an inner diameter of 450 mm and a
uniform wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing that the gage pressure
inside the tank is 1.2 MPa, determine the maximum normal stress
and the maximum in-plane shearing stress at point a on the top of the
tank.
SOLUTION
Internal pressure:
1
d = 225mm t = 6 mm
2
pr
(1.2) (225)
1 =
=
= 45 MPa
6
t
pr
2 =
= 22.5 MPa
2t
r =
Torsion: c1 = 225 mm, c2 = 225 + 6 = 231 mm

J =
(c
2
4
2
c14 = 446.9 106 mm 4 = 446.9 106 m 4
T = (5 103 )(500 103 ) = 2500 N m
Tc (2500) (231 103 )

=
= 1.292 106 Pa = 1.292 MPa
J
446.9 106
Transverse shear:
= 0 at point a.
Bending:
I =
At point a,
1
J = 223.45 106 m 4 , c = 231 103 m
2
M = (5 103 ) (750 103 ) = 3750 N m
Mc (3750) (231 103 )

=
= 3.88 MPa
I
223.45 106
Total stresses (MPa).

Longitudinal:
x = 22.5 + 3.88 = 26.38 MPa
Circumferential:
y = 45 MPa
Shear:
xy = 1.292 MPa
without permission.
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 35.69 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy = 9.40 MPa
2
max = ave + R = 45.1 MPa

max(in-plane) = R = 9.40 MPa
max = 45.1 MPa

without permission.
PROBLEM 7.121
For the compressed-air tank and loading of Prob. 7.120, determine
the maximum normal stress and the maximum in-plane shearing
stress at point b on the top of the tank.
PROBLEM 7.120 The compressed-air tank AB has an inner
diameter of 450 mm and a uniform wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing
that the gage pressure inside the tank is 1.2 MPa, determine the
maximum normal stress and the maximum in-plane shearing stress at
point a on the top of the tank.
SOLUTION
Internal pressure:
1
d = 225 mm t = 6 mm
2
pr
(1.2) (225)
=
= 45 MPa
1 =
t
6
pr
= 22.5 MPa
2 =
2t
r =
Torsion: c1 = 225 mm, c2 = 225 + 6 = 231 mm

J =
(c
2
4
2
c14 = 446.9 106 mm 4 = 446.9 106 m 4
T = (5 103 ) (500 103 ) = 2500 N m
Tc (2500) (231 103 )

=
= 1.292 106 Pa = 1.292 MPa
J
446.9 106
Transverse shear:
= 0 at point b.
Bending:
I =
At point b,
1
J = 223.45 106 m 4 , c = 231 103 m
2
M = (5 103 ) (2 750 103 ) = 7500 N m
Mc (7500) (231 103 )

=
= 7.75 MPa
I
223.45 106
Total stresses (MPa).

Longitudinal:
x = 22.5 + 7.75 = 30.25 MPa
Circumferential:
y = 45 MPa
Shear:
xy = 1.292 MPa
without permission.
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 37.625 MPa
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy = 7.487 MPa
2
max = ave + R = 45.1 MPa

max = 45.1 MPa

without permission.
PROBLEM 7.122
A torque of magnitude T = 12 kN m is applied to the end of a tank containing
compressed air under a pressure of 8 MPa. Knowing that the tank has a 180-mm inner
diameter and a 12-mm wall thickness, determine the maximum normal stress and the
maximum shearing stress in the tank.
SOLUTION
d = 180 mm r =
1
d = 90 mm t = 12 mm
2
Torsion:
c1 = 90 mm c2 = 90 + 12 = 102 mm
J =
(c
4
2
c14 = 66.968 106 mm 4 = 66.968 106 m 4
Tc (12 103 )(102 103 )

=
= 18.277 MPa
J
66.968 106
Pressure:
1 =
pr
(8)(90)
pr
=
= 60 MPa 2 =
= 30 MPa
t
12
2t
Summary of stresses:
x = 60 MPa, y = 30 MPa, xy = 18.277 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 45 MPa
x y
2
R=
+ xy = 23.64 MPa
2
a = ave + R = 68.64 MPa
b = ave R = 21.36 MPa

c 0
max = 68.6 MPa
min = 0
1
2
max = ( max min )
max = 34.3 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.123
The tank shown has a 180-mm inner diameter and a 12-mm wall thickness. Knowing
that the tank contains compressed air under a pressure of 8 MPa, determine the
magnitude T of the applied torque for which the maximum normal stress is 75 MPa.
SOLUTION
1
1
d = (180) = 90 mm
2
2
pr (8)(90)
1 =
=
= 60 MPa
12
t
pr
2 =
= 30 MPa
2t
1
ave = (1 + y ) = 45 MPa
2
max = 75 MPa
r=
t = 12 mm
R = max ave = 30 MPa

2
2
2
2
2
R= 1
+ xy = 15 + xy
2
xy = R 2 152 = 302 152 = 25.98 MPa

= 25.98 106 Pa
Torsion:
c1 = 90 mm
c2 = 90 + 12 = 102 mm
xy
T 4
c2 c14 = 66.968 106 mm 4 = 66.968 106 m 4
2
J xy (66.968 106 )(25.98 106 )
Tc
T=
=
=
= 17.06 103 N m
3
J
c
102 10
J=
T = 17.06 kN m
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.124
A pressure vessel of 250 mm inside diameter and 6 mm wall thickness
is fabricated from a 1.2 m section of spirally welded pipe AB and is with
two rigid end plates. The gage pressure inside the vessel is 2 MPa and
45 kN centric axial forces P and P are applied to the end plates.
Determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular to the weld, (b) the
shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
1
d = 125 mm
t = 6 mm
2
pr (2)(125)
=
= 41.67 MPa
1 =
6
t
pr (2)(125)
=
= 20.83 MPa
2 =
2t
(2)(6)
r0 = r + t = 125 + 6 = 131 mm
r=
A = r02 r 2 = 4.825 103 mm 2 = 4.825 103 m 2
45 103
P
=
= 9.326 106 Pa = 9.326 MPa
A
4.825 103
Total stresses: Longitudinal

Circumferential
x = 20.83 9.326 = 11.504 MPa

y = 41.67 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 26.585 MPa

R=
(a)
x y
2
= 15.081
x = ave + R cos 70
= 26.585 15.081 cos 70
= 21.4 MPa
(b)
xy = R sin 70 = 15.081 sin 70

= 14.17 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.125
Solve Prob. 7.124, assuming that the magnitude P of the two forces is
increased to 120 kN.
PROBLEM 7.124 A pressure vessel of 250 mm inside diameter and
6 mm wall thickness is fabricated from a 1.2 m section of spirally
welded pipe AB and is with two rigid end plates. The gage pressure
inside the vessel is 2 MPa and 45 kN centric axial forces P and P are
applied to the end plates. Determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular
SOLUTION
1
d = 125 mm
t = 6 mm
2
pr (2)(125)
1 =
=
= 41.67 MPa
t
6
pr
2 =
= 20.833 MPa
2t
r0 = r + t = 125 + 6 = 131 mm
r=
A = r02 r 2 = 4.825 103 mm 2 = 4.825 103 m 2
=
Total stresses: Longitudinal
P
120 103
=
= 24.870 106 Pa = 24.870 MPa
3
A
4.825 10
x = 20.833 24.870 = 4.037 MPa
y = 41.67 MPa
Circumferential
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 18.815 MPa

R=
(a)
x y
2
= 22.852 MPa
x = ave R cos 70
= 18.815 22.852 cos 70
= 11.00 MPa
(b)
xy = R sin 70 = 22.852 sin 70

= 21.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.126
A brass ring of 126-mm outer diameter and 6-mm thickness fits exactly
inside a steel ring of 126-mm inner diameter and 3-mm thickness when
the temperature of both rings is 10C. Knowing that the temperature of
both rings is then raised to 52C, determine (a) the tensile stress in the
steel ring, (b) the corresponding pressure exerted by the brass ring on
the steel ring.
SOLUTION
Let p be the contact pressure between the rings. Subscript s refers to the steel ring. Subscript b refers to the
brass ring.
Steel ring:
Internal pressure p,
s =
pr
ts
(1)
Corresponding strain
sp =
Strain due to temperature change
sT = s T
s =
Total strain
Es
pr
Es t s
pr
+ s T
Es t s
Change in length of circumference

pr
Ls = 2 r s = 2 r
+ s T
Es t s
Brass ring:
External pressure p,
Corresponding strains
b =
pr
tb
bp =
pr
, bT = b T
Eb tb

pr
Lb = 2 r b = 2 r
+ b T
Eb tb
Equating Ls to Lb
pr
pr
+ s T =
+ b T
Es ts
Eb tb
r
r
+
p = ( b s ) T
Es ts Eb tb
(2)
without permission.
T = 52 C 10 C = 42 C
Data:
r=
From Eq. (2)
1
1
d = (126) = 63 mm
2
2
63 103
63 103
6
+
p = (20.9 11.7)(10 )(38)

9
9
(200 10 )(0.003) (100 10 )(0.006)
2.1 1010 p = 3.496 104
p = 1.67 MPa
From Eq. (1)
s =
pr (1.67)(63)
=
= 35.1 MPa
ts
3
(a) s = 35.1 MPa

(b)
p = 1.67 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.127
Solve Prob. 7.126, assuming that the brass ring is 3 mm thick and the
steel ring is 6 mm thick.
PROBLEM 7.126 A brass ring of 126-mm outer diameter and 6-mm
thickness fits exactly inside a steel ring of 126-mm inner diameter and
3-mm thickness when the temperature of both rings is 10 C. Knowing
that the temperature of both rings is then raised to 52C, determine
(a) the tensile stress in the steel ring, (b) the corresponding pressure
exerted by the brass ring on the steel ring.
SOLUTION
Let p be the contact pressure between the rings. Subscript s refers to the steel ring. Subscript b refers to the
brass ring.
Steel ring:
Internal pressure p,
s =
pr
ts
(1)
Corresponding strain
sp =
Strain due to temperature change
sT = s T
s =
Total strain
Es
pr
Es t s
pr
+ s T
Es t s

pr
Ls = 2 r s = 2 r
+ s T
Es t s
Brass ring:
External pressure p,
Corresponding strains
b =
pr
tb
bp =
pr
, bT = b T
Eb tb

pr
Lb = 2 r b = 2 r
+ b T
Eb tb
Equating Ls to Lb
pr
pr
+ s T =
+ b T
Es t s
Eb tb
r
r
+
p = ( b s ) T
Es ts Eb tb
(2)
without permission.
Data:
From Eq. (2)
T = 52 C 10 C = 42 C
1
1
r = d = (126) = 63 mm
2
2
63 103
63 103
6
+
p = (20.9 11.7)(10 )(38)

9
9
(200
10
)(0.006)
(100
10
)(0.003)
2.625 1010 p = 3.496 104

p = 1.33 MPa
From Eq. (1)
s =
pr (1.33)(63)
=
= 13.3 MPa
ts
6
(a)
s = 14 MPa
(b) p = 1.33 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.128
For the given state of plane strain, use the methods of Sec. 7.10 to determine the state of strain associated with
axes x and y rotated through the given angle .
x = 720 , y = 0, xy = +300 , = 30
SOLUTION
x + y
2
x y
= 360
x =
x + y
x y
= 360
y =
x + y
x y
cos 2 +
xy
sin 2
2
300
= 360 360 cos(60) +

sin( 60) = 670
2
cos 2
xy
sin 2
2
300
= 360 ( 360) cos( 60)

sin( 60) = 50
2
xy = ( x y ) sin 2 + xy cos 2
= {(720 0) sin ( 60) + 300cos( 60)} = 474
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.129
x = 0 y = +320 xy = 100 = 30
SOLUTION
x + y
2
x y
= 160
x =
x + y
2
2
x y
2
= 160
cos 2 +
xy
2
sin 2
100
sin 60 = +36.7
= 160 160cos 60
2
x + y x y
xy
y =
cos 2
sin 2
2
2
2
100
sin 60 = +283
= 160 + 160cos 60 +
2
xy = ( x y ) sin 2 + xy cos 2
= {(0 320) sin 60 100cos 60} = +227
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.130
x = 800 , y = + 450 , xy = + 200 , = 25
SOLUTION
x + y
2
x y
= 175
x =
x + y
x y
= 625
y =
x + y
x y
cos 2 +
xy
sin 2
2
200
sin(50) = 653
= 175 625cos(50) +
2
cos 2
xy
sin 2
2
200
sin(50) = + 303
= 175 + 625cos(50)
2
xy = ( x y )sin 2 + xy cos 2
= { ( 800 450)sin ( 50) + 200cos ( 50)} = 829
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.131
For the given state of plane strain, use the method of Sec 7.10 to determine the state of strain associated with
x = 500 , y = + 250 , xy = 0, = 15
SOLUTION
x + y
2
x y
= 125
x =
x + y
x y
= 375
cos 2 +
xy
sin 2
2
2
2
= {125 375cos 30 + 0} = 450
y =
x + y
x y
cos 2
xy
sin 2
2
2
2
= {125 + 375cos 30 0} = + 200
xy = ( x y )sin 2 + xy cos 2
= {( 500 250)sin 30 + 0} = + 375
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.132
For the given state of plane strain, use Mohrs circle to determine the state of strain associated with axes x
and y rotated through the angle .
x = 720 , y = 0, xy = +300 , = 30
SOLUTION
Plotted points
X : (720 , 150 )
Y : (0, 150 )
C : (360 , 0)
tan =
150
360
= 22.62
R=
(360 ) 2 + (150 )2 = 390
= 2 = 60 22.62 = 37.38
x = ave R cos = 360 390 cos 37.38 = 670
y = ave + R cos = 360 + 390 cos 37.38 = 50
xy
2
= R sin = 390 sin 37.38
xy = 474 m
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.133
x = 0 y = +320 xy = 100 = 30
SOLUTION
Plotted points
X : (0, 50 )
Y : (320 , 50 )
C : (160 , 0)
tan =
50
= 17.35
160
R = (160 ) 2 + (50 ) 2 = 167.63
= 2 = 60 17.35 = 42.65
x = ave R cos = 160 167.63 cos 42.65 = 36.7
y = ave + R cos = 160 + 167.63 cos 42.65 = 283

xy
= R sin = 167.63 sin 42.65
2
xy = 227
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.134
x = 800 y = 450 xy = +200 = 25
SOLUTION
Plotted points:
X : ( 800 , 100 )
Y : ( + 450 , + 100 )
C : ( 175 , 0)
tan =
100
625
= 9.09
R = (625 ) 2 + (100 )2 = 632.95
= 2 = 50 9.09 = 40.91
x = ave R cos = 175 632.95 cos 40.91
= 653
y = ave + R cos = 175

= +303
xy
2
= R sin = 632.95 sin 40.91
xy = 829
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.135
x = 500 , y = +250 , xy = 0, = 15
SOLUTION
Plotted points
X : (500 , 0)
Y : (+250 , 0)
C : (125 , 0)
R = 375
x = ave R cos 2 = 125 375cos 30
= 450
y = ave + R cos 2 = 125 + 375cos 30

= 200
1
xy = R sin 2 = 375sin 30
2
xy = 375
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.136
The following state of strain has been measured on the surface of a thin plate. Knowing that the surface of the
plate is unstressed, determine (a) the direction and magnitude of the principal strains, (b) the maximum inplane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain. (Use v = 13 . )
x = 260 , y = 60 , xy = +480
SOLUTION
For Mohrs circle of strain, plot points:
X : (260 , 240 )
Y : (60 , 240 )
C : (160 , 0)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
480
= 2.4
260 + 60
2 p = 67.38
b = 33.67
a = 56.31
R = (100 )2 + (240 )2
R = 260
(a)
(b)
a = ave + R = 160 + 260
a = 100
b = ave R = 160 260
b = 420
1
max (in-plane) = R max (in-plane) = 2 R
2
v
v
1/3
c =
( a + b ) =
( x + y ) =
(260 60)
1 v
1 v
2/3
= 160
max (in-plane) = 520
max = 160 min = 420

(c)
max = max min = 160 + 420
max = 580
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.137
x = 600 , y = 400 , xy = +350
SOLUTION
Plotted points for Mohrs circle:
X : (600 , 175 )
Y : (400 , +175 )
C : (500 , 0)
tan 2 p =
175
100
2 p = 60.26
b = 30.13
a = 59.87
R = (100 ) 2 + (175 ) 2
= 201.6
(a)
(b)
a = ave + R = 500 + 201.6
a = 298
b = ave R = 500 201.6
b = 702
max (in-plane) = 2R
c =
v
v
1/3
( a + b ) =
( x + y ) =
( 600 400 )
1 v
1 v
2/3
c = 500
max = 500 min = 702

(c)
max = max min = 500 + 702
max = 1202
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.138
x = +160 , y = 480 , xy = 600
SOLUTION
(a)
For Mohrs circle of strain, plot points:

X : (160 , 300 )
Y : (480 , 300 )
C : (160 , 0)
(a)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
300
= 0.9375
320
2 p = 43.15 p = 21.58 and 21.58 + 90 = 68.42
a = 21.58
b = 68.42
R = (320 )2 + (300 ) 2 = 438.6
a = ave + R = 160 + 438.6
a = +278.6
b = ave R = 160 438.6
b = 598.6
(b)
1
(max, in-plane) = R (max, in-plane) = 2 R
2
(c)
c =
v
v
1/3
( a + b ) =
( x + y ) =
(160 480 )
1 v
1 v
2/3
(max, in-plane) = 877

c = 160.0
max = 278.6 min = 598.6

max = max min = 278.6 + 598.6
max = 877
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.139
plate is unstressed, determine (a) the direction and magnitude of the principal strains, (b) the maximum inplane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain. (Use v = 13 )
x = +30 , y = +570 , xy = +720
SOLUTION
X : (30 , 360 )
Y : (570 , + 360 )
C : (300 , 0)
360
= 1.3333
270
2 p = 53.13
tan 2 p =
b = 26.565
(a)
a = 64.435
R = (270 )2 + (360 ) 2 = 450
(b)
a = ave + R = 300 + 450
a = 750
b = ave R = 300 450
b = 150
max (in-plane) = 2R
c =
v
1/3
( a + b ) =
(750 150 )
1 v
2/3

c = 300
max = a = 750 , min = c = 300

(c)
max = max min = 750 (300 )
max = 1050
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.140
For the given state of plane strain, use Mohrs circle to determine (a) the orientation and magnitude of the
principal strains, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain.
x = +60 , y = +240 , xy = 50
SOLUTION
Plotted points:
X : (60 , 25 )
Y : (240 , 25 )
C : (150 , 0)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
50
= 0.277778
60 240
2 p = 15.52
a = 97.76
b = 7.76
R = (90 )2 + (25 )2 = 93.4
(a)
a = ave + R = 150 + 93.4
a = 243.4
b = ave R = 150 93.4
b = 56.6
(b)
max (in-plane) = 2R
(c)
c = 0, max = 243.4 , min = 0

max = max min
max (in-plane) = 186.8
max = 243.4
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.141
x = +400 , y = +200 , xy = 375
SOLUTION
X : (+400 , 187.5 )
Y : (+200 , +187.5 )
C : (+300 , 0)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
375
= 1.875
400 200
2 p = 61.93
a = 30.96
b = 120.96
R = (100 ) 2 + (187.5 )2 = 212.5
(a)
a = ave + R = 300 + 212.5
a = 512.5
b = ave R = 300 212.5
b = 87.5
(b)
max (in-plane) = 2R
(c)
c = 0 max = 512.5 min = 0

max = max min
max = 512.5
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.142
x = +300 , y = +60 , xy = +100
SOLUTION
X : (300 , 50 )
Y : (60 , 50 )
C : (180 , 0)
tan 2 p =
xy
100
=
x y 300 60
2 p = 22.62
a = 11.31
b = 101.31
R = (120 ) 2 + (50 )2 = 130
(a)
a = ave + R = 180 + 130
a = 310
b = ave R = 180 130
b = 50
(b)
max (in-plane) = 2R
(c)
c = 0, max = 310 , min = 0

max = max min
max = 310
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.143
x = 180 , y = 260 , xy = +315
SOLUTION

X : (180 , 157.5 )
Y : (260 , +157.5 )
C : (220 , 0)
(a)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
315
= 3.9375
80
2 p = 75.75
a = 37.87
b = 127.87
R = (40 )2 + (157.5 ) 2 = 162.5
a = ave + R = 220 + 162.5

b = ave R = 220 162.5
(b)
max (in-plane) = 2 R = 325
(c)
c = 0, max = 0, min = 382.5

max = max min = 0 + 382.5
a = 57.5
b = 382.5
max = 382.5
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.144
Determine the strain x knowing that the following strains have been determined
by use of the rosette shown:
1 = +480 2 = 120 3 = +80
SOLUTION
1 = 15
2 = 30
3 = 75
x cos 2 1 + y sin 2 1 + xy sin 1 cos 1 = 1

0.9330 x + 0.06699 y 0.25 xy = 480
(1)

0.75 x + 0.25 y + 0.4330 xy = 120
(2)

0.06699 x + 0.9330 y + 0.25 xy = 80
(3)
Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously,
x = 253 ,
y = 307 ,
xy = 893
x = 253
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.145
Determine the largest in-plane normal strain, knowing that the following strains
have been obtained by the use of the rosette shown:
1 = 50 106 in./in.
2 = +360 106 in./in.
3 = +315 106 in./in.
SOLUTION
1 = 45, 2 = 45, 3 = 0
0.5 x + 0.5 y + 0.5 xy = 50 106
(1)

0.5 x + 0.5 y 0.5 xy = 360 106
(2)

x + 0 + 0 = 315 106
From (3),
Eq. (1) Eq. (2):
(3)
x = 315 106 mm/mm

xy = 50 106 360 106 = 410 106 mm/mm
Eq. (1) + Eq. (2): x + y = 1 + 2
y = 1 + 2 x = 50 106 + 360 106 315 106

= 5 106 mm/mm
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 155 106 mm/mm

2
R=
x y
xy
315 106 + 5 106

410 106
2
2
= 260 106 mm/mm
max = ave + R = 155 106 + 260 106
max = 415 106 mm/mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.146
The rosette shown has been used to determine the following strains at a point
on the surface of a crane hook:
1 = +420 2 = 45 4 = +165
(a) What should be the reading of gage 3? (b) Determine the principal strains
and the maximum in-plane shearing strain.
SOLUTION
(a) Gages 2 and 4 are 90 apart
1
2
1
= (45 + 165 ) = 60
2
ave = ( 2 + 4 )
ave
Gages 1 and 3 are also 90 apart
1
2
3 = 2 ave 1 = (2)(60 ) 420 = 300
ave = (1 + 3 )
(b)
x = 1 = 420 y = 3 = 300
xy = 2 2 x 1 = (2)(45 ) 420 + 300
= 210
2
2
2
x y xy
420 + 300 210
+
=
+
R=

2
2
2 2
= 375
a = ave + R = 60 + 375 = 435
b = ave R = 60 375 = 315
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.147
The strains determined by the use of a rosette attached as shown to the surface of a
machine element are
1 = 93.1 106 mm/mm 2 = +385 106 mm/mm

3 = +210 106 mm/mm
Determine (a) the orientation and magnitude of the principal strains in the plane of the
rosette, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing stress.
SOLUTION
Use x =
xy
1
1
( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 2 +
sin 2
2
2
2
where
and
= 75
for gage 1,
=0
for gage 2,
= +75
for gage 3.
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos (150) +
2 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 0 +
xy
2
sin (150)
sin 0
3 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos (150) +
From Eq. (2),
xy
xy
2
sin (150)
(1)
(2)
(3)
x = z = 385 106 mm/mm
Adding Eqs. (1) and (3),
1 + 3 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 150
= x (1 + cos 150) + y (1 cos 150)
y =
=
1 + 3 x (1 + cos 150)
(1 cos 150)
93.1 106 + 210 106 385 106 (1 + cos 150)
1 cos 150
= 35.0 106 mm/mm
without permission.
Subtracting Eq. (1) from Eq. (3),
3 1 = xy sin 150
xy =
tan 2 p =
3 1
sin 150
xy
x y
210 106 ( 93.1 106 )

= 606.2 106 mm/mm
sin 150
606.2 106
= 1.732
385 106 35.0 106
(a) a = 30.0, b = 120.0
1
1
2
2
6
= 210 10 mm/mm
ave = ( x + y ) = (385 106 + 35.0 106 )
x y xy
R=
+
2 2
385 106 35.0 106

=
2
(b)
max (in-plane)
2
606.2 2
6
+
= 350.0 10
2
a = ave + R = 210 106 + 350.0 106 = 560 106 mm/mm
b = ave R = 210 106 350.0 106 = 140.0 106 mm/mm
= R = 350.0 106 mm/mm
max (in-plane) = 700 106 mm/mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.148
Using a 45 rosette, the strains 1, 2 , and 3 have
been determined at a given point. Using Mohrs
circle, show that the principal strains are:
1
1
1
(1 + 3 )
[(1 2 ) 2 + ( 2 3 )2 ] 2
2
2
(Hint: The shaded triangles are congruent.)
max,min =
SOLUTION
Since gage directions 1 and 3 are 90 apart,
1
2
ave = (1 + 3 )
Let
1
(1 3 ).
2
1
= 2 (1 + 3 )
2
u = 1 ave =
v = 2 ave
R 2 = u 2 + v2
=
1
1
(1 3 ) 2 + 22 2 (1 + 3 ) + (1 + 3 ) 2
4
4
1
1
1
1
1 2 1
1 1 3 + 32 + 22 21 2 3 + 12 + 1 3 + 32
4
4
2
4
4
2
1 2
1
1 21 + 22 2 3 + 32
2
2
1
1
= (1 2 ) 2 + ( 2 3 ) 2
2
2
1
R=
[(1 2 ) 2 + ( 2 3 ) 2 ]1/2
2
=
max, min = ave R

gives the required formula.
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.149
Show that the sum of the three strain measurements made with a 60
rosette is independent of the orientation of the rosette and equal to
1 + 2 + 3 = 3 avg
where avg is the abscissa of the center of the corresponding Mohrs circle.
SOLUTION
1 = ave +
2 = ave +
= ave +
+
xy
2
= ave +
+
x y
2
x y
2
xy
2
sin 2
cos (2 + 120) +
xy
2
(1)
sin (2 + 120)
(cos 120 cos 2 sin 120 sin 2 )
(cos 120 sin 2 + sin 120 cos 2 )
x y 1
2
3
sin 2
cos 2
2
2
3
cos 2
sin 2 +
2 2
2
= ave +
xy
2
= ave +
+
cos 2 +
xy 1
3 = ave +
x y
x y
2
x y
2
cos (2 + 240) +
(2)
xy
2
sin (2 + 240)
(cos 240 cos 2 sin 240 sin 2 )
(cos 240 sin 2 + sin 240 cos 2 )
x y 1
2
3
sin 2
cos 2 +
2
2
xy 1
3
cos 2
sin 2
2 2
2
(3)
Adding (1), (2), and (3),
1 + 2 + 3 = 3 ave + 0 + 0
3 ave = 1 + 2 + 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.150
A single gage is cemented to a solid 100-mm-diameter steel shaft at an
angle = 25 with a line parallel to the axis of the shaft. Knowing that
G = 79 GPa, determine the torque T indicated by a gage reading of
300 106 mm/mm.
SOLUTION
For torsion,
x = y = 0, = 0
1
( x v y ) = 0
E
1
y = ( y v x ) = 0
E
0 1
xy =
xy = 0
2G
G 2
x =
Draw the Mohrs circle for strain

R=
0
2G
x = R sin 2 =
But
0
2G
sin 2
0 =
2G x
Tc 2T
= 3 =
J c
sin 2
T=
c3G x
sin 2
(0.05)3 (79 109 )(300 106 )
= 12.2 kNm
sin 50
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.151
Solve Prob. 7.150, assuming that the gage forms an angle = 35 with a
line parallel to the axis of the shaft.
PROBLEM 7.150 A single gage is cemented to a solid 100-mm-diameter
steel shaft at an angle = 25 with a line parallel to the axis of the shaft.
Knowing that G = 79 GPa, determine the torque T indicated by a gage
reading of 300 106 mm/mm.
SOLUTION
For torsion,
x = 0, y = 0, xy = 0
1
( x v y ) = 0
E
1
y = ( y v x ) = 0
E
0 1
xy =
xy = 0
G 2
2G
x =
Draw Mohrs circle for strain

R=
0
2G
x = R sin 2 =
0
2G
sin 2
But
0 =
2G x
Tc 2T
= 3 =
J c
sin 2
T=
c3G x (0.05)3 (79 109 )(300 106 )

=
sin 2
sin 70
= 9.9 kNm
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.152
A single strain gage forming an angle = 18 with a horizontal plane is used to
determine the gage pressure in the cylindrical steel tank shown. The cylindrical wall
of the tank is 6 mm thick, has a 600-mm inside diameter, and is made of a steel with
E = 200 GPa and v = 0.30. Determine the pressure in the tank indicated by a strain
gage reading of 280.
SOLUTION
x = 1 =
pr
t
1
2
v
1
x = ( x v y v z ) = 1 x
E
2
y = x, z 0
= 0.85
y =
1
1
(v x + y v z ) = v x
E
2
= 0.20
xy =
xy
G
x
E
=0
Draw Mohrs circle for strain.
x
1
E
2
x
1
R = ( x y ) = 0.325
E
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 0.525
x = ave + R cos 2 = (0.525 + 0.325cos 2 )
x
E
t
tE x
p= x =
r
r (0.525 + 0.325cos 2 )
Data:
r=
1
1
d = (600) = 300 mm = 0.300 m
2
2
t = 6 103 mm E = 200 109 Pa, x = 280 106

p=
(6 103 )(200 109 )(280 106 )

= 1.421 106 Pa
(0.300)(0.525 + 0.325 cos 36)
= 18
p = 1.421 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.153
Solve Prob. 7.152, assuming that the gage forms an angle = 35 with a horizontal
plane.
PROBLEM 7.152 A single strain gage forming an angle = 18 with a horizontal
plane is used to determine the gage pressure in the cylindrical steel tank shown. The
cylindrical wall of the tank is 6 mm thick, has a 600-mm inside diameter, and is made
of a steel with E = 200 GPa and v = 0.30. Determine the pressure in the tank
indicated by a strain gage reading of 280.
SOLUTION
x = 1 =
pr
t
1
2
1
v
x = ( x v y v z ) = 1 x = 0.85 x
E
E
2 E
y = x, z 0
y =
xy =
1
1
(v x + y v z ) = v x = 0.20 x
E
E
2
E
xy
G
=0
Draw Mohrs circle for strain.
x
1
2
E
x
1
R = ( x y ) = 0.325
2
E
x = ave + R cos 2
ave = ( x + y ) = 0.525
= (0.525 + 0.325 cos 2 )
E
t x
tE x
p=
=
r
r (0.525 + 0.325 cos 2 )
Data:
r=
1
1
d = (600) = 300 mm = 0.300 m
2
2
t = 6 103 m E = 200 109 Pa, x = 280 106

p=
(6 10 )(200 10 )(280 10 )
= 1.761 106 Pa
(0.300)(0.525 + 0.325 cos 70)
9
= 35
p = 1.761 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.154
The given state of plane stress is known to exist on the surface of a machine
component. Knowing that E = 200 GPa and G = 77.2 GPa , determine the direction
and magnitude of the three principal strains (a) by determining the corresponding state
of strain [use Eq. (2.43) and Eq. (2.38)] and then using Mohrs circle for strain, (b) by
using Mohrs circle for stress to determine the principal planes and principal stresses
and then determining the corresponding strains.
SOLUTION
(a)
x = 0, y = 150 106 Pa, xy = 75 106 Pa

E = 200 109 Pa G = 77 109 Pa
E
E
1 = 0.2987
v=
2(1 + v)
2G
1
1
[0 + (0.2987)(150 106 )]
x = ( x v y ) =
9
E
200 10
= 224
1
1
[(150 106 ) 0]
y = ( y v x ) =
9
E
200 10
= 750
xy 75 106
=
= 974
xy =
G
77 109
G=
xy
2
= 487.0
1
2
x y = 974
ave = ( x + y ) = 263
tan 2 a =
xy
x y
974
= 1.000
974
2 a = 45.0
a = 22.5
2
x y xy
R=
+
= 689
2 2
a = ave + R
b = ave R
c =
v
(0.2987)(0 150 106 )
( x + y ) =
E
200 109
a = 426
b = 952
c = 224
without permission.
(b)
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 75 MPa
2
2
x y
0 + 150
2
R=
+
=
+ 752
xy
2
2
= 106.07 MPa
a = ave + R = 31.07 MPa
b = ave R = 181.07 MPa

1
( a v b )
E
1
=
[31.07 106 (0.2987)(181.07 106 )]
200 109
a =
= 426 106
tan 2 a =
2 xy
x y
= 1.000
a = 426
2 a = 45
a = 22.5
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.155
The following state of strain has been determined on the surface of a cast-iron machine part:
x = 720 y = 400 xy = +660

Knowing that E = 69 GPa and G = 28 GPa, determine the principal planes and principal stresses (a) by
determining the corresponding state of plane stress [use Eq. (2.36), Eq. (2.43), and the first two equations of
Prob. 2.72] and then using Mohrs circle for stress, (b) by using Mohrs circle for strain to determine the
orientation and magnitude of the principal strains and then determining the corresponding stresses.
SOLUTION
The 3rd principal stress is z = 0.
E
E
69
v=
1 =
1 = 0.2321
2(1 + v)
2G
56
E
69
=
= 72.93 GPa
2
1 v
1 (0.232) 2
G=
(a)
E
( x + v y )
1 v2
= (72.93 109 )[ 720 106 + (0.232)(400 106 )]
x =
= 59.28 MPa
E
y =
( y + v x )
1 v2
= (72.93 109 )[400 106 + (0.2321)(720 106 )]
= 41.36 MPa
xy = G xy = (28 109 )(660 106 )

= 18.48 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 50.32 MPa

tan 2b =
2 xy
x y
= 2.0625
2b = 64.1, b = 32.1, a = 57.9

2
x y
2
R=
+ xy = 20.54 MPa
2
a = ave + R
a = 29.8 MPa
b = ave R
b = 70.9 MPa
without permission.
(b)
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 560
tan 2b =
xy
x y
= 2.0625
2b = 64.1, b = 32.1, a = 57.9

2
x y xy
R=
+
= 366.74
2 2
a = ave + R = 193.26
b = ave R = 926.74
a =
E
( a + v b )
1 v2
a = 29.8 MPa
b =
E
( b + v a )
1 v2
b = 70.9 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.156
A centric axial force P and a horizontal force Q are both applied at point C
of the rectangular bar shown. A 45 strain rosette on the surface of the bar at
point A indicates the following strains:
1 = 75 106 mm/mm 2 = +300 106 mm/mm

3 = +250 106 mm/mm
Knowing that E = 200 GPa and v = 0.30, determine the magnitudes of P
and Q.
SOLUTION
x = 1 = 75 106 y = 3 = 250 106

xy = 2 2 1 3 = 425 106
E
200 109
( x + v y ) =
[75 + (0.3)(250)](106 ) = 0
2
2
1 v
1 0.3
E
200 109
y =
( y + v x ) =
[250 + (0.3)( 75)](106 ) = 50 MPa
1 v2
1 (0.3) 2
P
= y P = A y = (50)(150)(503 )
A
= 375 kN
x =
G=
E
200 10
=
= 76.92 GPa
2(1 + v)
(2)(1.3)
9
xy = G xy = (76.92 109 )(425)(106 ) = 32.69 MPa

1 3 1
bh = (50)(150)3 = 14062500 mm 4
12
12
75
Q = A y = (75)(50) = 140625 mm3
t = 50 mm
2
VQ
xy =
It
It xy (14062500)(50)(32.69)
=
= 163.45 kN
V=
140625
Q
I=
Qx = V = 163.5 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.157
Solve Prob. 7.156, assuming that the rosette at point A indicates the
following strains:
1 = 60 106 mm/mm 2 = +410 106 mm/mm

3 = +200 106 mm/mm
PROBLEM 7.156 A centric axial force P and a horizontal force Q are
both applied at point C of the rectangular bar shown. A 45 strain rosette
on the surface of the bar at point A indicates the following strains:
1 = 75 106 mm/mm 2 = +310 106 mm/mm

3 = +250 106 mm/mm
Knowing that E = 200 GPa and v = 0.30, determine the magnitudes of P
and Q.
SOLUTION
x = 1 = 60 106
y = 3 = 200 106
xy = 2 2 1 3 = 680 106
x =
E
200 109
v
(
+
)
=
[60 + (0.3)(200)](106 ) = 0
x
y
2
2
v
1
1 (0.3)
y =
E
200 109
v
(
+
)
=
[200 + (0.3)(60)](106 ) = 40 MPa
y
x
2
2
1 v
1 (0.3)
P
=y
A
G=
P = A y = (50)(150)(40) = 300 kN
E
200 109
=
= 76.92 GPa
2(1 + v)
(2)(1.3)
xy = G xy = (76.92 109 )(680)(106 ) = 52.306 MPa

1 3 1
bh = (50)(150)3 = 14062500 mm 4
12
12
75
Q = A y = (75)(50) = 140625 mm3 t = 50 mm
2
VQ
xy =
It
It xy (14062500)(50)(52.306)
=
= 261.53 kN
V=
Q
140625
Qx = V = 261.5 kN
I=
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.158
A 19.5-kN force is applied at point D of the cast-iron post
shown. Knowing that the post has a diameter of 60 mm,
determine the principal stresses and the maximum shearing
stress at point H.
SOLUTION
lDE = (300)2 + (125) 2 = 325 mm
Resolve the 19.5 kN force F at point D into x, y, and z components.

Fx = 0
300
(19.5) = 18 kN = 18 103 N
325
125
(19.5) = 7.5 kN = 7.5 103 N
Fz =
325
Fy =
Determine the force-couple system at the point on the y-axis where it intersects the plane containing elements
H and K.
Fx = 0,
Fy = 18 103 N, Fz = 7.5 103 N
M x = (7.5 kN)(300 mm 100 mm) = 1.5 103 N m

M y = (7.5 kN)(150 mm) = 1.125 103 N m
M z = (18 kN)(150 mm) = 2.7 103 N m
without permission.
Properties of section.
(Circle) c =
1
d = 30 mm = 30 103 m
2
A = c 2 = (30)2 = 2.8274 103 mm 2 = 2.8274 103 m 4

I=
J=
c4 =
c =
4
(30)4 = 636.17 103 mm4 = 636.17 109 m 4

(30)4 = 1.27235 106 mm 4 = 1.27235 106 m 4
2
2
2 3 2
(Semicircle) Q = c = (30)3 = 18 103 mm3 = 18 106 m3
3
3
t = d = 60 mm = 60 103 m
Stresses at H.
18 103
( 1.5 103 )(30 103 )
Fy M x c
A
I
2.8274 103
636.17 109
= 64.370 106 Pa = 64.37 MPa
Fx Q M y c
(1.125 103 )(30 103 )
+
=0+
It
j
1.27235 106
= 26.526 106 Pa = 26.526 MPa
Principal stresses.
max,min =
x +y
2
x y
2

+ .
2
max,min
0 + 64.37
0 64.37
2
=
+
+ (26.526)
2
2
= 32.185 41.707 MPa
max = 73.9 MPa

min = 9.52 MPa
Maximum shearing stresses.
max
x y
2
=
+ xy
2
max = 41.7 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.159
A 19.5-kN force is applied at point D of the cast-iron post
shown. Knowing that the post has a diameter of 60 mm,
determine the principal stresses and the maximum shearing
stress at point K.
SOLUTION
lDE = (300)2 + (125) 2 = 325 mm
Resolve the 19.5 kN force F at point D into x, y, and z components.

Fx = 0
300
(19.5) = 18 kN = 18 103 N
325
125
(19.5) = 7.5 kN = 7.5 103 N
Fz =
325
Fy =
Determine the force-couple system at the point on the y-axis

where it intersects the plane containing elements H and K.
Fx = 0,
Fy = 18 103 N, Fz = 7.5 103 N
M x = (7.5 kN)(300 mm 100 mm) = 1.5 103 N m

M y = (7.5 kN)(150 mm) = 1.125 103 N m
M z = (18 kN)(150 mm) = 2.7 103 N m
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.160
The centric force P is applied to a short post as shown. Knowing that the stresses on
plane a-a are = 105 MPa and = 35 MPa, determine (a) the angle that plane a-a
forms with the horizontal, (b) the maximum compressive stress in the post.
SOLUTION
x = 0
xy = 0
y = P/ A
(a)
From the Mohrs circle,
tan =
=
(b)
P
2( )
(2)(105)
=
=
A 1 + cos 2 1 + cos 2
35
= 0.3333
105
= 18.4
P
P
+
cos 2
2A 2A
P
= 116.6 MPa
A
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.161
stresses for the state of plane stress resulting from the
SOLUTION
Express each state of stress in terms of components acting on the element shown above.
Add like components of the two states of stress.
p = 0 and 90
max = 0
min = 0
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.162
when (a) z = +24 MPa, (b) z = 24 MPa, (c) z = 0.
SOLUTION
x = 42 MPa, y = 12 MPa, xy = 36 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 27 MPa
2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= (15) 2 + (36) 2 = 39 MPa
b = ave R = 12 MPa
(a)
z = +24 MPa a = 66 MPa
b = 12 MPa

(b)
z = 24 MPa a = 66 MPa
b = 12 MPa

(c)
z = 0
a = 66 MPa
1
2
1
2
b = 12 MPa
1
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.163
For the state of stress shown, determine the range
of values of for which the magnitude of the
shearing stress xy is equal to or less than 40 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 80 MPa, y = 0
xy = 30 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 40 MPa
2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= (40) 2 + 302 = 50 MPa

tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(2)(30)
= 0.75
80
2 p = 36.870
b = 18.435
| xy | 40 MPa for states of stress corresponding to arcs HBK and UAV of Mohrs circle. The angle is
calculated from
R sin 2 = 40
sin 2 =
40
= 0.8
50
2 = 53.130
= 26.565
N = b = 18.435 26.565 = 45
k = b + = 18.435 + 26.565 = 8.13

U = H + 90 = 45
v = k + 90 = 98.13
Permissible ranges of :
H k
45 8.13
U v
45 98.13
Also,
135 188.13
225 278.13
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.164
yield occurs when (a) xy = 42 MPa, (b) xy = 84 MPa, (c) xy = 98 MPa. If yield
does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
x = 168 MPa y = 98 MPa z = 0

ave =
x y
2
1
( x + y ) = 133 MPa
2
= 35 MPa
2
(a)
xy = 6 MPa
x y
2
+ xy =
2
R=
(35)2 + (42) 2 = 54.7 MPa
a2 + b2 a b = 163.3 MPa < 210 MPa

F .S. =
(No yielding)
210
= 1.286
163.3
(b)
x y
2
+ xy =
2
xy = 84 MPa R =
(35) 2 + (84)2 = 91 MPa

a2 + b2 a b = 206.2 MPa < 210 MPa
F .S. =
(No yielding)
210
= 1.018
206.2
(c)
xy = 98 MPa
R=
x y
2
+ xy =
2
(35) 2 + (98) 2 = 104.1 MPa

a2 + b2 a b = 224 MPa > 210 MPa
(Yielding occurs)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.165
The compressed-air tank AB has a 250-mm outside diameter and an 8-mm
wall thickness. It is fitted with a collar by which a 40-kN force P is applied at
B in the horizontal direction. Knowing that the gage pressure inside the tank
is 5 MPa, determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing
stress at point K.
SOLUTION
Consider element at point K.
Stresses due to internal pressure:
p = 5 MP = 5 106 Pa
1
250
r = d t =
8 = 117 mm
2
2
pr (5 106 )(117 103 )
x =
=
= 73.125 MPa
t
(8 103 )
y =
Stress due to bending moment:
pr (5 106 )(117 103 )

=
= 36.563 MPa
2t
(2)(8 103 )
Point K is on the neutral axis.
y = 0
Stress due to transverse shear:
V = P = 40 103 N
1
c2 = d = 125 mm
2
c1 = c2 t = 117 mm
2
2
Q = c23 c13 = (1253 1173 )
3
3
3
= 234.34 10 mm3 = 234.34 106 m3
I=
(c
4
xy =
c14 =
(1254 117 4 )
4
= 44.573 106 mm 4 = 44.573 106 m 4
4
2
(40 103 )(234.34 106 )

VQ
PQ
=
=
It
I (2t ) (44.573 106 )(16 103 )
= 13.144 106 Pa = 13.144 MPa

without permission.
Total stresses:
Mohrs circle:
x = 73.125 MPa, y = 36.563 MPa, xy = 13.144 MPa

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 54.844 MPa

2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= (18.281) 2 + (13.144) 2 = 22.516 MPa
a = ave + R = 77.360 MPa

b = ave R = 32.328 MPa
a = 77.4 MPa, b = 32.3 MPa
Principal stresses:
z 0
The 3rd principal stress is the radial stress.
max = 77.4 MPa, min = 0

Maximum shearing stress:
1
2
max = ( max min )
max = 38.7 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.166
In Prob. 7.165, determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum
shearing stress at point L.
PROBLEM 7.165 The compressed-air tank AB has a 250-mm outside
diameter and an 8-mm wall thickness. It is fitted with a collar by which a
40-kN force P is applied at B in the horizontal direction. Knowing that the
gage pressure inside the tank is 5 MPa, determine the maximum normal stress
and the maximum shearing stress at point K.
SOLUTION
Consider element at point L.
Stresses due to internal pressure:
p = 5 MPa = 5 106 Pa
1
250
r = d t =
8 = 117 mm
2
2
pr (5 106 )(117 103 )
x =
=
= 73.125 MPa
t
8 103
pr (5 103 )(117 103 )
=
= 36.563 MPa
y =
2t
(2)(8 103 )
Stress due to bending moment:
M = (40 kN)(600 mm) = 24000 N m

1
d = 125 mm
2
c1 = c2 t = 125 8 = 117 mm
c2 =
I=
c24 c14 = (1254 117 4 )

4
4
6
= 44.573 10 mm 4 = 44.573 106 m 4
y =
(24000)(125 103 )
Mc
=
= 67.305 MPa
I
44.573 106
without permission.
Stress due to transverse shear:
Point L lies in a plane of symmetry.
xy = 0
x = 73.125 MPa, y = 30.742 MPa, xy = 0
Total stresses:
Principal stresses:
Since xy = 0, x and y are principal stresses. The 3rd principal stress is in the
radial direction, z 0.
max = 73.125 MPa, min = 0, a = 73.1 MPa, b = 30.7 MPa, z = 0

max = 73.1 MPa
Maximum stress:
Maximum shearing stress:
1
2
max = ( max min )
max = 51.9 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.167
The brass pipe AD is fitted with a jacket used to apply a hydrostatic pressure of 3.5 MPa
to portion BC of the pipe. Knowing that the pressure inside the pipe is 0.7 MPa,
determine the maximum normal stress in the pipe.
SOLUTION
Let r be the mean radius of the pipe.
r =
1
(50 3) = 23.5 mm
2
Do not distinguish among inner, mean, and outer radius.

For pipe AB,
Longitudinal stress
Hoop stress
t = 3 mm
Pr
i
2t
(0.7)(23.5)
1 =
(2)(3)
1 =
1 = 2.74 MPa (tension)
Pr
pr
i
o
t
t
(0.7)(23.5) (3.5)(23.5)
2 =
3
3
2 =
2 = 21.9 MPa
2 = 21.9 MPa (compression)
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.168
A square ABCD of 60 mm side is scribed on the surface of a thin plate while the
plate is unloaded. After the plate is loaded, the lengths of sides AB and AD are
observed to have increased, respectively, by 13.5 103 mm and 22.5 103 mm,
while the angle DAB is observed to have decreased by 360 106 rad. Knowing that
1
v = , determine (a) the orientation and magnitude of the principal strains, (b) the
3
maximum in-plane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain.
SOLUTION
l x AB 540 106
=
=
= 225 106
x
2.4
AB
l y AD 900 106
=
=
= 375 106
y =
y
2.4
AD
x =
xy = decrease in right angle DAB = 360 106 rad = 360 106

1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 300 106

tan 2 p =
xy
x y
2 p = 67.38
360
= 2.4
225 375
p = 33.7
2
x y xy
6
R=
+
= 195 10
2
2
(b)
a = ave + R = 495 106
b = ave R = 105 106
max(in-plane) = a b = 390 106
v
( a + b )
1 v
(1/3)
=
(495 106 + 105 106 ) = 300 106
(2/3)
c =
max = 495 106 min = 300 106

(c)
max = max min = 795 106

1
ave = ( max + min ) = 97.5 106
2
1
R = max = 397.5 106
2
For dotted Mohr's circle
without permission.
PROBLEM 7.169
The strains determined by the use of the rosette shown during the test of a machine
element are
1 = + 600 2 = +450 3 = 75
Determine (a) the in-plane principal strains, (b) the in-plane maximum shearing strain.
SOLUTION
1 = 30
2 = 150
3 = 90
0.75 x + 0.25 y + 0.43301 xy = 600
(1)

0.75 x + 0.25 y 0.43301 xy = 450
(2)

0 + y
+ 0 = 75
(3)
Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously,
x = 725 , y = 75 , xy = 173.21
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 325
2
2
2
x y xy
725 + 75 173.21
R=
+
+
=
2 = 409.3
2
2 2
(a)
a = ave + R = 734
b = ave R = 84.3
(b)
a = 734
b = 84.3
without permission.

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CHAPTER 7

F = 0: A + 18 A cos 15 sin 15 + 45 A cos 15 cos 15 27 A sin 15 sin 15 + 18A sin 15 cos 15 = 0

= 18 cos 15 sin 15 45 cos 2 15 + 27 sin 2 15 18 sin 15 cos 15

= 18(cos 2 15 sin 2 15) + (45 + 27) cos 15 sin 15

A 90 A sin 30 cos 30 90 Acos 30 sin 30 + 60 A cos 30 cos 30 = 0

A + 90 A sin 30 sin 30 90 A cos 30 cos30 60 A cos 30 sin 30 = 0

A 120 A cos 20 cos 20 45 A cos 20 sin 20 45 A sin 20 cos 20 60 A sin 20 sin 20 = 0

A + 120 A cos 20 sin 20 45 A cos 20 cos 20 + 45 A sin 20 sin 20 60 A sin 20 cos 20 = 0

= 84cos 2 55 42sin 2 55 = 0.546 MPa

= 126 cos 55 sin 55 = 59.2 MPa

max = 13.60 MPa

max = 154 MPa

max = 33.0 MPa

max = 36.4 MPa

max = 15.00 MPa

x = 40 + 40 cos(50) 50 sin( 50)

x = 14 + 70 cos (50) 42 sin( 50) = 63.1 MPa

xy = 70 sin(50) 42 cos(50) = 26.6 MPa

y = 14 70cos(50) + 42 sin(50) = 91.1 MPa

x = 14 + 70 cos(20) 42 sin(20) = 37.4 MPa

xy = 70 sin(20) 42 cos(20) = 63.4 MPa

y = 14 70 cos(20) + 42 sin(20) = 65.4 MPa

x = 28 28 cos(50) + 35 sin( 50) = 16.8 MPa

xy = 28 sin(50) + 35 cos(50) = 1.05 MPa

y = 28 + 28 cos(50) 35 sin(50) = 72.8 MPa

x = 28 28 cos(20) + 35 sin(20) = 13.7 MPa

xy = 28 sin(20) + 35 cos(20) = 42.5 MPa

y = 28 + 28 cos(20) 35 cos(20) = 42.4 MPa

= 0 + 4.2 cos(30) = 3.64 MPa

= 0 + 0 + 4.2 sin(30) = 2.1 MPa

A = c22 c12 = (0.152 0.1442 ) = 5541.8 106 m 2

0.1444 ) = 119.8 106 m 4

= x cos 2 + y sin 2 + 2 xy sin cos = 0 +

Allowable value of P is the smaller one.

(10 103 )(80 103 )

Fs = 100sin kN = 100 103 sin N

100 103 sin

(10 103 )(80 103 )

Shaft cross section

Stress at point H is zero.

x = 176 MPa, y = 0, xy = 29.33 MPa

a = ave + R = 180.76 MPa

b = ave R = 4.76 MPa

max = R = 92.76 MPa

Shaft cross section:

At point H stress due to transverse shear is zero.

x = 26.2 MPa, y = 0, xy = 21.8 MPa

+ xy = 13.1 + 21.8 = 25.4 MPa

a = ave + R = 38.5 MPa

b = ave R = 12.3 MPa

max = R = 25.4 MPa

ri4 = 4.1855 106 mm 4

Force-couple system at center of tube in the plane containing points H and K:

At point K, place local x-axis in negative global z-direction.

PROBLEM 7.25 (Continued)

Stress due to transverse shear V = Fx is zero at point K.

Point K lies on compression side of neutral axis:

x = 0, y = 36.56 MPa, xy = 24.37 MPa

ave = ( x + y ) = 18.28 MPa

max = ave + R = 18.28 + 30.46

max = 12.18 MPa

min = ave R = 18.28 30.46

min = 48.7 MPa