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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTIONS
1.1 Objectives
To have a better understanding on the working principle of double cyclone as one of the
air pollution control devices.
To study the effect of cyclone body diameter upon the collection efficiency.
Apart from that, the cyclones also can be categorized into three classes which namely as high
throughput, conventional or high efficiency. The determination of these kinds of cyclones
usually depends on the industrial requirement or the manufacturers interest as well. The
comparison between these devices is as following figure.
Along with the above figure, standard cyclone dimensions have been developed in order to
ease the manufacturing of the equipment itself. The standard dimension is as illustrated in the
next following diagram.
Figure 1.4: Standard cyclone dimensions
Advantages
Low capital cost
construction
Small space requirements
Dry collection and disposal
Disadvantages
Low collection efficiency especially for
very small particles (< 10m)
High operating cost due to power
required to overcome pressure drop
Unable to handle sticky or tacky
materials
Therefore, in industry, there are two analyses that are required to be performed by the
engineers. The analyses are basically comes in two forms, which namely as
i.
Performance analysis
While conducting an experiment or works related to air pollution control devices, the
main goal of applying these devices are to check the collection efficiency, .
Therefore, prior of calculating the efficiency, the dimension for each of the
parameters should be known and established.
ii.
Design analysis
Design analysis on the manufacturing of cyclone basically needs to consider few
major things such as the (1) target performance, , (2) type of cyclone required
(conventional, high throughput or high efficiency) as well as (3) the characteristics of
the dimensions for both of the particles and type of cyclones selected earlier.
Table 1.2: Influence of varying several characteristics towards the efficiency
4
Pressure drop
Efficiency
Decreases
Decreases
Decreases slightly
Decreases
Decreases
Increases
Decreases
Decreases
Decreases
No change
Increases
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
drag force
R g
18. After that, the experiment will be repeated by using the small cyclone.
Figure 2.1: Schematic diagram of double cyclone system
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Pressure drop and collection efficiency are the two major criteria used to evaluate cyclone
performance. Both properties are functions of cyclone dimensions: inlet height (W), inlet width
(H), gas outlet diameter (De ), outlet duct length (S), cyclinder height (Lb), cyclone height (Lc),
and dust outlet diameter (Do).
Time
DPT1
7
(m3/hr)
132.55
132.39
130.22
132.24
132.19
132.23
(m/s)
35863.10
35792.75
35773.81
35779.22
35765.70
35776.52
(in H2O)
0.51
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.53
Time
(min)
0
10
20
30
40
50
(m/s)
24845.78
25051.41
25035.17
24937.77
24932.36
24924.24
DPT1
(in H2O)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Centrifugal force =
mV 2c
r
Velocity (m/s)
20000
15000
Exp 1b-Small
cyclone
10000
5000
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Time (min)
centrifugal force V p p d p
=
=
drag force
R g
This results obviously violate the theory which increase the cyclone size will decrease the
efficiency. From the literature, longer cyclone in relation to its diameter will provide more vortex
revolutions and thus more chances for particle collection. However, taking into consideration on
the length of the cyclones makes the results became logic. This is due to the fact that the bigger
cyclone has longer body than the smaller one. It has been reported in the literature that a longer
cyclone in relation to its diameter will provide more vortex revolutions and thus more chances
for particle collection. To further support the result, Table 3.4 below indicate the Overall cyclone
collection efficiency(Stern, 1955)
Conventional Cyclone
<5
5 20
15 20
> 40
<50
50 80
80 95
95 - 99
High efficiency
Cyclone
50 80
80 95
95 - 99
95 - 99
The collection efficiency obtained from this experiment does not reach the overall collection
efficiency which had been published by Stern (1955). Referring Table 3.4, flour is considered 520m in particle size. The conventional cyclone efficiency is around 50 to 80% and for high
efficiency cyclone is 80-95%. The results obtained in this experiment are far from the efficiency
published by Stern (1955). There are few factors that caused this error for example unsteady state
flow rate and low maintenance of the equipment itself. The flour used in this experiment also
needs to be known the exact size so that we can estimate the efficiency of the cyclone correctly.
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CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 Conclusions (ipah)
3.2 Recommendations
In order to obtain the better results for the future work undertakings, some recommendation
steps have been proposed for the implementation. These steps may be explained in detailed in
the following:
i.
The handling of the dust sample should be properly managed so that, any spill over of
the dust into the floor may bring an error while calculating for its actual efficiency.
ii.
The particle size for the dust sample, which is flour in this case, should be uniform
while conducting the experiment. This is due to the reasons that, varying the size of
the particle may results an inaccuracy which is in terms of collection efficiency.
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CHAPTER 5
REFERENCES
1. EPA Air Pollution Technology Fact Sheet. Retrieved on Oct 5, 2010 from
http://www.p2pays.org/ref/10/09866.pdf.
2. Gaseous Emission - Control Technologies (Air-Quality Technology). Retrieved on Oct 5,
2010 from http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/~cushman/courses/engs37/Cyclones.pdf.
3. The Encyclopedia of Filters - Dust Collection. Retrieved on Oct 5, 2010 from
http://www.qfilter.com/Resource.aspx/DocumentDetail/15.
4. Dust
Collector.
Retrieved
on
Oct
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_collector.
5. Cyclones.
Retrieved
on
Oct
5,
5,
2010
2010
from
from
http://www.ezzesoft.com/files/CYCLONESver2.pdf.
6. Karl B. Schnelle and Charles A. Brown (2002). Chapter 21: Cyclone design, Air
Pollution Control Technology Handbook, CRC Press.
7. Lab manual double cyclone system.
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