Propiedades

termodinmicas estndar de las sustancias qumicas

Compuestos inorgnicos

Sustancia
Ag
Ag
AgBr
AgCl
AgI
Ag2CrO4
Ag2O
Al
AlCl3
LiAlH4
Al2O3
As
As
As
AsH3
As2S3
Au
AuCl3
B
BF3
NaBH4
B2H6
B2O3
Ba
BaCl2
BaSO4
Be
BeCl2
Bi
Bi2O3
Bi2S3
Br
Br2
HBr
KBr
KBrO3
Ca
Ca
CaCl2
CaF2
CaO
CaSO4
Cd
CdCl2
CdS
Cl
Cl2
CuCl
HCl
HClO
HClO4
NH4Cl
KCl
KClO3
LiCl
NOCl
NaCl
NaClO3
ClO2

Estado
cr
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr(gris)
cr(amar.)
g
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
l
g
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
g
cr
g
g
l
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr
g

fHo (kJ/mol)
0.0
284.9
-100.4
-127.0
-61.8
-731.7
-31.1
0
-704.2
-116.3
-1675.7
0.0
14.6
302.5
66.4
-169.0
0.0
-117.6
0.0
-1136.0
-188.6
35.6
-1273.5
0.0
-858.6
-1473.2
0.0
-490.4
0.0
-573.9
-143.1
111.9
0.0
-36.3
-393.8
-360.2
0.0
177.8
-795.4
-1228.0
-634.9
-1434.5
0.0
-391.5
-161.9
121.3
0.0
-137.2
-92.3
-78.7
-40.6
-314.4
-75
-397.7
-408.6
51.7
-411.2
-365.8
102.5

fGo(kJ/mol)

246.0
-96.9
-109.8
-66.2
-641.8
-11.2

-628.8
-44.7
-1582.3


261.0
68.9
-168.6



-1119.4
-123.9
86.7
-1194.3

-810.4
-1362.2

-445.6

-493.7
-140.6
82.4

-53.4
-380.7
-271.2

144.0
-748.8
-1175.6
-603.3
-1322.0

-343.9
-156.5
105.3

-119.9
-95.3
-66.1

-202.9

-296.3
-384.4
66.1
-384.1
-262.3
120.5

So(J/mol K)
42.6
173.0
107.1
96.3
115.5
217.6
121.3
28.3
110.7
78.7
50.9
35.1

174.2
222.8
163.6
47.4

5.9
254.4
101.3
232.1
54.0
62.8
123.7
132.2
9.5
82.7
56.7
151.5
200.4
175.0
152.2
198.7
95.9
149.2
41.6
154.9
108.4
68.5
38.1
106.5
51.8
115.3
64.9
165.2
223.1
86.2
186.9
236.7

94.6

143.1
59.3
261.7
72.1
123.4
256.8

Cp(J/mol K)
25.4
20.8
52.4
50.8
56.3
142
65.9
24.2
91.8
83.2
79.0
24.6

20.8
38.1
116.3
25.4

11.1

86.8
56.9

28.1
75.1
101.8
16.4
64.8
25.5
113.5
122.2
20.8
75.7
29.1
52.3
105.2
25.9
20.8
72.9
67.0
42.0
99.7
26.0
74.7

21.8
33.9
48.5
29.1
37.2

84.1

100.3
48.0
44.7
50.5

42.0

Sustancia
CoCl2
CrO2Cl2
CuCl2
HgCl2
Hg2Cl2
MgCl2
MnCl2
NiCl2
SOCl2
SOCl2
PbCl2
SnCl2
SrCl2
ZnCl2
CrCl3
FeCl3
InCl3
PCl3
PCl3
SnCl4
UCl4
PCl5
Co
CoS
Cr
Cr
PbCrO4
Cr2O3
Cs
CsF
Cu
CuI
Cu(NO3)2
CuO
CuSO4
CuS
Cu2O
F
F2
HF
KF
LiF
NaF
OF2
PbF2
ZnF2
PF3
GeF4
SF4
SF6
PF5
Fe
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
FeS
FeS2
FeSO4
Ga
Ga
Ga
Ga2O3
Ge
Ge
GeH4

Estado
cr
l
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
l
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
l
g
l
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
g
l
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr
g
g
g
g
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
l
g
cr
cr
g
g

fHo (kJ/mol)
-312.5
-579.5
-220.1
-224.3
-265.4
-641.3
-481.3
-305.3
-245.6
-212.5
-359.4
-325.1
-828.9
-415.1
-556.5
-399.5
-537.2
-319.7
-287.0
-511.3
-1019.2
-443.5
0.0
-82.8
0.0
396.6
-930.9
-1139.7
0.0
-553.5
0.0
-67.8
-302.9
-157.3
-771.4
-53.1
-168.6
79.4
0.0
-299.8
-567.3
-616.0
-576.6
24.7
-664.0
-764.4
-958.4
-1190.2
-763.2
-1220.5
-1594.4
0.0
-272.0
-824.2
-1118.4
-100.0
-178.2
-928.4
0.0
5.6
277.0
-1089.1
0.0
372.0
90.8

fGo(kJ/mol)
-269.8
-510.8
-175.7
-178.6
-210.7
-591.8
-440.5
-259.0

-198.3
-314.1

-781.1
-369.4
-486.1
-334.0

-272.3
-267.8
-440.1
-930.0




351.8

-1058.1

-525.5

-69.5

-129.7
-662.2
-53.6
-146.0
62.3


-537.8
-587.7
-546.3
41.9
-617.1
-713.3
-936.9
-1150.0
-722.0
-1116.5
-1520.7


-742.2
-1015.4
-100.4
-166.9
-820.8


238.9
-998.3

331.2
113.4

So(J/mol K)
109.2
221.8
108.1
146.0
191.6
89.6
118.2
97.7

309.8
136.0

114.9
111.5
123.0
142.3

217.1
311.8
258.6
197.1

30.0

23.8
174.5

81.2
85.2
92.8
33.2
96.7

42.6
109.2
66.5
93.1
158.8
202.8

66.6
35.7
51.1
247.4
110.5
73.7
273.1
301.9
299.6
291.5
300.8
27.3

87.4
146.4
60.3
52.9
107.5
40.9

169.1
85.0
31.1
167.9
217.1

Cp(J/mol K)
78.5

71.9


71.4
72.9
71.7
121.0
66.5


75.6
71.3
91.8
96.2


71.8
165.3
122.0

24.8

23.4
20.8

118.7
32.2
51.1
24.4
54.3

47.3

47.8
63.6
22.7
31.3

49.0
41.6
46.9
43.3

65.7
58.7

77.6
97.0
84.8
25.1

103.9
143.4
50.0
62.2
100.6
25.9

25.4
92.1
23.3
30.7
45.0

Sustancia
GeO2
Ge2H6
Ge2H6
H
H2
HI
HIO3
KH
KOH
HLi
HNO2
HNO3
HN3
NaOH
OH
H2O
H2O
H2O2
H2O2
Sn(OH)2
Zn(OH)2
H2SiO3
H2SO4
H2S
H2S2
H2Se
H2Te
NH3
NH2OH
H3PO2
H3PO3
H3PO4
PH3
SbH3
N2H4
NH4NO3
P2H4
SiH4
Si2H6
Si3H8
SnH4
(NH4)2SO4
He
Hg
HgI2
HgO
HgS
I
I2
I2
KI
KIO3
NaI
NaIO3
PbI2
In
In2O3
K
KMnO4
KNO2
KNO3
KO2
K2O
K2O2
K2SO4

Estado
cr
l
g
g
g
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
l
l
cr
g
l
g
l
g
cr
cr
cr
l
g
l
g
g
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
g
l
cr
l
g
g
l
g
cr
g
l
cr(rojo)
cr(rojo)
cr
g
cr
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr

fHo (kJ/mol)
-580.0
137.3
162.3
218.0
0.0
26.5
-230.1
-57.7
-424.8
-90.5
-79.5
-174.1
264.0
-425.6
39.0
-285.8
-241.8
-187.8
-136.3
-561.1
-641.9
-1188.7
-814.0
-20.6
-18.1
29.7
99.6
-45.9
-114.2
-604.6
-964.4
-1284.4
5.4
145.1
50.6
-365.6
-5.0
34.3
80.3
92.5
162.8
-1180.9
0.0
0.0
-105.4
-90.8
-58.2
106.8
0.0
62.4
-327.9
-501.4
-287.8
-481.8
-175.5
0.0
-925.8
0.0
-837.2
-369.8
-494.6
-284.9
-361.5
-494.1
-1437.8

fGo(kJ/mol)
-521.4


203.3

1.7


-379.1
-68.3
-46.0
-80.7
327.3
-379.5
34.2
-237.1
-228.6
-120.4
-105.6
-491.6
-553.5
-1092.4
-690.0
-33.4

15.9

-16.4



-1124.3
13.4
147.8
149.3
-183.9

56.9
127.3

188.3
-901.7


-101.7
-58.5
-50.6
70.2

19.3
-324.9
-418.4
-286.1

-173.6

-830.7

-737.6
-306.6
-394.9
-239.4

-425.1
-1321.4

So(J/mol K)
39.7


114.7
130.7
206.6


78.9
20.0
254.1
155.6
140.6
64.5
183.7
70.0
188.8
109.6
232.7
155.0
81.2
134.0
156.9
205.8

219.0

192.8



110.5
210.2
232.8
121.2
151.1

204.6
272.7

227.7
220.1
126.2
75.9
180.0
70.3
82.4
180.8
116.1
260.7
106.3
151.5
98.5

174.9
57.8
104.2
64.7
171.7
152.1
133.1
116.7

102.1
175.6

Cp(J/mol K)
52.1


20.8
28.8
29.2


64.9
27.9
45.6
109.9

59.5
29.9
75.3
33.6
89.1
43.1



138.9
34.2
84.1
34.7

35.1




31
41
58.1
139.3

42.8
80.8

49.0
187.5
20.8
28.8

44.1
48.4
20.8
54.4
36.9
52.9
106.5
52.1
92.0
77.4
26.7
92.0
29.6
117.6
107.4
96.4
77.5


131.3

Sustancia
Li
LiNO3
Li2O
Mg
Mg(NO3)2
MgO
MgSO4
Mn
Mn(NO3)2
MnO2
MnS
Na2MoO4
MoO3
NaNO2
TlNO3
NP
N
N2
N2O
N2O3
NO2
N2O4
N2O4
N2O5
Pb(NO3)2
Zn(NO3)2
NaN3
Na
NaO2
Na2O
Na2O2
Na2SO3
Na2SiO3
Na2SO4
Na2S
Ni
NiSO4
NiS
O
O2
PbO
PbO
RbO2
Rb2O2
Rb2O
ZnO
PbO2
SO2
SeO2
SiO2
SnO2
TiO2
ZrO2
SO3
SO3
OsO4
PbSO4
Pb3O4
ZnSO4
V2O5
P4
P4
P4
Pb
PbS

Estado
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
g
g
l
g
l
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
g
cr(amar.)
cr(rojo)
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr(-cuarzo)
cr
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr(blanco)
cr(rojo)
cr(negro)
cr
cr

fHo (kJ/mol)
0.0
-483.1
-597.9
0.0
-790.7
-601.6
-1284.9
0.0
-576.3
-520.0
-214.2
-1468.1
-745.1
-358.7
-243.9
-63.0
472.7
0.0
82.1
50.3
33.2
-19.5
9.2
-43.1
-451.9
-483.7
21.7
0.0
-260.2
-414.2
-510.9
-1100.8
-1554.9
-1387.1
-364.8
0.0
-872.9
-82.0
249.2
0.0
-217.3
-219.0
-278.7
-472.0
-339.0
-350.5
-277.4
-296.8
-225.4
-910.7
-577.6
-944.0
-1100.6
-454.5
-395.7
-394.1
-920.0
-718.4
-982.8
-1550.6
0.0
-17.6
-39.3
0.0
-100.4

fGo(kJ/mol)

-381.1
-561.2

-589.4
-569.3
-1170.6


-465.1
-218.4
-1354.3
-668.0
-284.6
-152.4

455.5

104.2

51.3
97.5
97.2
113.9


93.8

-218.4
-375.5
-447.7
-1012.5
-1462.8
-1270.2
-349.8

-759.7
-79.5
231.7

-187.9
-188.9



-320.5
-217.3
-300.1

-856.3
-515.8
-888.8
-1042.8
-374.2
-371.1
-304.9
-813.0
-601.2
-871.5
-1419.5




-98.7

So(J/mol K)
29.1
90.0
37.6
32.7
164.0
27.0
91.6
32.0

53.1
78.2
159.7
77.7
103.8
160.7

153.3
191.6
219.9

240.1
209.2
304.3
178.2


96.9
51.3
115.9
75.1
95.0
145.9
113.9
149.6
83.7
29.9
92.0
53.0
161.1
205.2
68.7
66.5



43.7
68.6
248.2

41.5
49.0
50.6
50.4
70.2
256.8
143.9
148.5
211.3
110.5
131.0
41.2
22.8

64.8
91.2

Cp(J/mol K)
24.8

54
24.9
141.9
37.2
96.5
26.3

54.1
50.0
141.7
75.0

99.5

20.8
29.1
38.5

37.2
142.7
77.3
143.1


76.6
28.2
72.1
69.1
89.2
120.3

128.2

26.1
138.0
47.1
21.9
29.4
45.8
45.8



40.3
64.6


44.4
52.6
55.0
56.2

50.7

103.2
146.9
99.2
127.7
23.8
21.2

26.4
49.5

Sustancia
Pt
PtS2
S8
S8
ZnS
Sb4
Si
Sn
Sn
Ti
U
V
W
Zn
Zr

Estado
cr
cr
cr(rmb)
cr(monoc.)
cr
cr
cr
cr(blanco)
cr(gris)
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr

Sustancia
C
C
C
AgCN
BaCO3
CaCO3
CaCO3
COCl2
CCl4
KCN
KCNS
MgCO3
CN
NaCN
NaCNO
CO
CO2
COS
PbCO3
SrCO3
CS2
CHCl3
CHCl3
HCN
HSCN
NaHCO3
CH2Cl2
CH2N2
H2CO
HCOOH
HCOONH2
CH4
H2NCONH2
CH3OH
CH3NH2
Cl3CCOOH
C2H2
H2C2O4
CH3COCl
CH3COONa
C2H4
CH3CHO
CH3COOH
CH3CONH2
C2H6

Estado
cr(grafito)
cr(diamante)
g
cr
cr
cr(calcita)
cr(aragonita)
g
l
cr
cr
cr
g
cr
cr
g
g
g
cr
cr
l
l
g
l
g
cr
l
g
g
l
l
g
cr
l
l
cr
g
cr
l
cr
g
l
l
cr
g

fHo (kJ/mol)
0.0
-108.8
0.0
0.3
-192.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
-2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

fGo(kJ/mol)

-99.6






0.1

So(J/mol K)
41.6
74.7
32.1


45.7
18.8
51.2
44.1
30.7
50.2
28.9
32.6
41.6
39.0

Cp(J/mol K)
25.9
65.9
22.8


25.2
20.0
27.0
25.8
25.0
27.7
24.9
24.3
25.4
25.4

fHo (kJ/mol)
0.0
1.9
716.68
146.0
-1216.3
-1207.6
-1207.8
-219.1
-128.2
-113.0
-200.2
-1095.8
437.6
-87.5
-405.4
-110.5
-393.5
-142.0
-699.1
-1220.1
89.0
-134.5
-103.1
108.9
127.6
-950.8
-124.1

-108.6
-424.7
-254.0
-74.4
-333.6
-239.1
-47.3
-503.3
228.2
-821.7
-273.8
-708.8
52.5
-191.8
-484.5
-317.0
-83.8

fGo(kJ/mol)

2.9

156.9
-1137.6
-1129.1
-1128.2
-204.9

-101.9
-178.3
-1012.1
407.5
-76.4
-358.1
-137.2
-394.4
-169.2
-625.5
-1140.1
64.6
-73.7
6.0
125.0
113.0
-851.0


-102.5
-361.4

-50.3

-166.6
35.7

210.7

-208.0
-607.2
68.4
-127.6
-389.9

-31.9

So(J/mol K)
5.7
2.4

107.2
112.1
91.7
88.0
283.5

128.5
124.3
65.7
202.6
115.6
96.7
197.7
213.8
231.6
131.0
97.1
151.3
201.7
295.7
112.8
247.8
101.7
177.8
242.9
218.8
129.0

186.3

126.8
150.2

200.9
109.8
200.8
123.0
219.6
160.2
159.8
115.0
229.6

Cp(J/mol K)
8.5
6.1

66.7
85.3
83.5
82.3
57.7
130.7
66.3
88.5
75.5
29.2
70.4
86.6
29.1
37.1
41.3
87.4
81.4
76.4
114.2
65.7
70.6
46.9
87.6
101.2
52.5
35.4
99.0

35.3

81.1
102.1

43.9
91.0
117.0
79.9
43.6
89.0
123.3
91.3
52.6

Compuestos del carbono

Sustancia
CH3CH2OH
CH3SOCH3
(CH3)2NH
C2H5NH2
CH3COCH3
Ac2O
AcOEt
C4H10
C4H10
C4H10
C4H10
Piridina
Glicerol
C6H6
C6H5OH
C6H5NH2
C6H5CH3
C6H5OCH3

Estado
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
g
l(isobutano)
g(isobutano)
l
l
l
cr
l
l
l

fHo (kJ/mol)
-277.7
-204.2
-43.9
-74.1
-248.1
-624.4
-479.3
-146.6
-125.6
-153.5
-134.2
100.2
-668.5
49.0
-165.1
31.3
12.4
-114.8

fGo(kJ/mol)
-174.8
-99.9
70.0

So(J/mol K)
160.7
188.3
182.3

199.8

257.7





206.3

144.0

Cp(J/mol K)
112.3
153.0
137.7
130
126.3

170.7
140.9



132.7
218.9
136.3
127.4
191.9
157.3

Referencias: cr=slido cristalino

l=lquido
g=gas

La tabla muestra algunas energas de disociacin de enlace.

Enlace
H2
D2
O2
N2
F2
Cl2
Br2
I2
HO
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
CH
NH
SH
NO
Na2
CH2CH-CH3
CH3-F
N=N
HC=CH
HC=N
CH2=CH2

D (kcal mol-1)
104,2
106,0
119,2
226
38
58
46,0
36,1
102,4
135,8
103,0
87,5
71,3
81
86
85
151,0
18,7
29
108
226
230
224
163

Enlace
CO
CF
HO-H
CH3COO-H
CH3O-H
HOO-H
PhO-H
CH3-H
CH3CH2-H
(CH3)2CH-H
(CH3)3C-H
Ph-H
HC=C-H
CH3-CH3
CH3-CN
H2N-NH2
HO-OH
CH3-OH
CH3-NH2
CH3-Cl
H2C=O
O=O
HN=O
HN=NH

D(kcal mol-1)
256,9
116
119
112
102
90
85
104
98
94,5
91
103
125
88
122
58
51
91
79
84
175
119
115
109

Capacidad calorfica de los gases ( J.mol-1.K-1 ) como funcin de T (K).

Cp/R = a + b.T + c.T2 + d.T3
Sustancia
H2
O2

a
3.4958
3.0673

Intervalo: 300 K a 1500 K.

b.103 K-1
-0.1006
1.6371

c.107K-2
2.419
-5.118

d.109K-3

Sustancia
Cl2
Br2
N2
CO
HCl
HBr
NO
CO2
H2O
NH3
H2S
SO2
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C3H8
C3H6
C3H4
C6H6
C6H5CH3
C(grafito)

a
3.8122
4.2385
3.2454
3.1916
3.3876
3.3100
3.5326
3.205
3.633
3.114
3.213
3.093
1.701
1.131
1.424
3.689
1.213
1.637
3.187
-0.206
0.290
-0.637

b.103 K-1
1.2200
0.4901
0.7108
.09241
0.2176
0.4805
-0.186
5.083
1.195
3.969
2.870
6.967
9.080
19.224
14.393
6.352
28.782
22.703
15.595
39.061
47.048
7.049

Calores integrales de disolucin a 298 K
4
k
J
p
o
r

NaCl
3
2

1
m
o 0
l -20 0

1
0

20

30

40

HCl

d -30
e
-40

s -50
o
l -60
u
t -70
o
0

10

20

30

Moles de agua por mol de soluto

40

c.107K-2
-4.856
-1.789
-0.406
-1.410
1.860
0.796
12.81
-17.13
1.34
-3.66
-6.09
-45.81
-21.64
-55.60
-43.91
-19.57
-88.23
-69.14
-47.59
-133.00
-157.14
-51.99

d.109K-3






-.547




1.035









1.384