1/25: projectile motion

In HW 2 the students have a problem where they take the displacement of a piece of snow and
express it in parallel and perpendicular to the ski-slope components. See attached diagram.
For the demo problem, use the same drawing, but now the vector shows the initial velocity of
the piece of snow. The snow has an initial speed of 2.3 m/s with theta_snow = 17
degrees. The ski slope has an angle of theta_slope = 27 degrees. How far from its initial
position does the piece of snow land? As usual, ignore air resistance.
Again the problem is easiest to solve mathematically using non-traditional axes. Line up one
axis with the slope and the other perpendicular to the slope, as the students will have already
done for the HW problem. The displacement in the perpendicular direction will be zero. The
answer is 28.6 cm up the slope.

2/1: forces w/o friction

Box m_1 is already sliding down the sloped surface. A force F is applied horizontally as
shown. There is no friction between m_1 and the surface. massless and frictionless rope and
pulley. Find the acceleration of the boxes.
answer:
a_downslope = (m_1 g sin + m_2 g - F cos) / (m_1 + m_2)
where cos and sin mean cos(beta) and sin(beta)
Important to emphasize the need for a free-body-diagram and that T is not m_2 g.

2/8: forces w/ friction

A man is trying to push a 12 kg box up a 20 degree slope. There is friction between the box
and the slope of mu_static = 0.30 and mu_kinetic = 0.20 In order to reduce the friction, the
man pushes not parallel to the slope, but 32 degrees above horizontal (12 degrees above the
slope). If he pushes on the initially stationary box with a force of 28 N, what will be the
acceleration of the box?
Answer: a=0. Far from pushing the box up the ramp, even with his pushing a friction of 13 N
_up_ the ramp is necessary to keep the box from sliding _down_ the ramp, where static friction
can be as high as 31 N. He would have to push with about 70 N to get the box to start sliding
up the ramp. Note that when expressed in pounds (28 N is about 6 pounds) this is not too
surprising.

2/15: circular motion

You are A road is built going around a hillside with the road parallel to the hillside, not parallel
to the ground, so that the traffic is leaning AWAY from the curve (stupid design). What is the
fastest speed that traffic can have without sliding off the hill?
angle = 23 degrees
radius of curve = 60 m
mu_static = 0.45
answer: v = sqrt( R g (mu cos - sin)/(cos + mu sin) ) = 3.55 m/s (7 or 8 mph)
BTW, if mu < 0.42 then it can't be done; traffic can't even sit there without sliding off.

(if you want to see this, try golfing OSU's gray course hole #16)

2/22: MIDTERM, no demo problem

2/29: momentum & energy
9-30 from the 9th edition
A bullet of mass m and speed v passes completely through a pendulum bob of mass M as
shown. The bullet emerges with a speed of v/2. The pendulum bob is suspended by a stiff rod
of length L and negligible mass. What is the minimum value of v such that the pendulum bob
will barely swing through a complete vertical circle?
Followup for students to discuss: if instead the collision were completely inelastic, would the
speed of the bullet be more, less, or the same?

3/7: torque
A uniform trap door to a cellar lies horizontal on a floor. The trap door has a mass of 7 kg and
a length of 90 cm measured from the hinge. There is a solid spherical 5 kg knob of radius 4
cm attached to the trap door 80 cm from the hinge. Someone tries to open the trap door by
lifting at an angle of 15 degrees from vertical with a force of 96 N. What is the angular
acceleration of the trap door?
answer: torque = 4.11 Nm (total,, including torque from weight of door and knob), I = 5.09 kg
m^2, ang acc = 0.808 /s^2

even though the 'size and shape' contribution of the knob is small (1/1200 of total I), do not
treat it as a point mass because we want the students to see how we handle the parallel axis
theorem.

3/21: angular momentum (no quiz)

A mouse (mass m) is in a cage along with an exercise wheel (mass M, model as a hoop of
mass M/2 attached to a disk of mass M/2, both with radius R). The mouse comes running
horizontally at speed v1 and jumps (horizontally, tangentially) onto the exercise wheel, where
he grabs/sits on rather than runs on the exercise wheel. His speed is such that he makes a
complete loop around the wheel (whee!). What is his speed v2 after landing on the wheel and
what is his speed v3 at the top of the loop (assume he makes it all the way around without
falling).
v2 = m v1 / ( m + 3/4 M )
v3 = sqrt[ v2^2 - 2 m g R / (1/2 m + 3/8 M ) ]

3/28: MIDTERM, no demo problem

4/4: fluids
A nurse is administering a flu shot. The syringe has a cross-sectional area of 2.0E-5 m^2 and
the needle has a cross-sectional area of 1.0E-8 m^2. The flu vaccine has the same density as
water and a dose has a volume of 1.0 cc (cubic centimeter). The nurse pushes on the syringe
plunger with a force of 3.6 N. How long does it take for the vaccine dose to travel through the
needle? Ignore the velocity in area A and any pressure change due to gravity. Treat the
pressure inside the arm as being the same as atmospheric pressure. [the vaccine flows at 19
m/s and takes 5.3 seconds to administer]

4/11: thermo
[SerPSE9 21.P.032] Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and atmospheric pressure is drawn
into a bicycle pump that has a cylinder with an inner diameter of 2.50 cm and length 50.0 cm.
The downstroke adiabatically compresses the air, which reaches a gauge pressure of 800 kPa
before entering the tire. We wish to investigate the temperature increase of the pump.
(a) What is the initial volume of the air in the pump?
(b) What is the number of moles of air in the pump?
(c) What is the absolute pressure of the compressed air?
(d) What is the volume of the compressed air?
(e) What is the temperature of the compressed air?
(f) What is the increase in internal energy of the gas during the compression?
The pump is made of steel that is 2.00 mm thick. Assume 4.00 cm of the cylinder's length is
allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with the air.
(g) What is the volume of steel in this 4.00-cm length?
(h) What is the mass of steel in this 4.00-cm length? (The density of steel is 7860 kg/m3.)
(i) Assume the pump is compressed once. After the adiabatic expansion, conduction results in
the energy increase in part (f) being shared between the gas and the 4.00-cm length of steel.
What will be the increase in temperature of the steel after one compression? (The specific heat
of steel is 448 J/kg C.)

4/18: relativity
RELATIVITY WITH THREE FRAMES An armada of spaceships that is 1.00 ly long in its rest
frame moves with a speed 0.800c relative to a planet. A messenger travels from the rear of the armada to
the front with a speed of 0.950c relative to the planet. How long does the trip take as measured (a) in the
messenger's rest frame [1.25 y], (b) in the armada's rest frame [1.6 y], and (c) by an observer on the
planet [4.0 y]? (HRW8 37.P.031)

4/25: review
FORCES The two blocks (m = 10 kg and M = 90
kg) in the figure below are not attached to each
other. The coefficient of static friction between
the blocks is s = 0.52, but the surface beneath the
larger block is frictionless. What is the minimum

magnitude of the horizontal force F required to keep the smaller block from slipping down the larger
block? [209 N] (HRW8 6.P.033)
ROLLING/PROJECTILE A small, solid, uniform ball is to be shot from point P so that it rolls
smoothly along a horizontal path, up along a ramp, and onto a plateau. Then it leaves the plateau
horizontally to land on a game board, at a horizontal distance d from the right edge of the plateau. The
vertical heights are h1 = 5.00 cm and h2 = 1.60 cm. With what speed must the ball be shot at point P for
it to land at d = 6.00 cm? [1.34 m/s] (HRW8 11.P.014)

THERMO A 7 kg (about 15 pound) frozen turkey at -10C is placed in boiling water to cook (do not
do this at home). Assume that the cooker is sealed and insulated. How much boiling water must be
placed in the cooker with the turkey so that the turkey reaches a final temperature of 74C and is safe to
eat. Latent heat of fusion of poultry is 247 kJ/kg. Specific heat of turkey is 2.81 kJ/kg C. Specific heat
of water is 4180 J/kg C. Latent heat of vaporization of water is 2256 kJ/kg. [31 kg] (TB)