Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Assistant Professor, 2Professor, 4Research scholar, Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India,
3
Professor, Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India,
pbsapme1980@gmail.com
Abstract
Noise generally is known as unwanted and unwelcome sound. It is considered as the most pervasive pollutant besides the emission
pollutants. Along with the increasing degree of air and water pollution, noise pollution is also emerging as a new threat to the
inhabitants of Chidambaram town. Noise pollution generated from vehicles with its influence on life quality and the environment may
be considered as a hot topic in scientific research and one of the main concerns of the world, especially in urban areas. Motorized
traffic is one of the major sources of noise pollution in urban areas. Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at various
locations of the Chidambaram town during 2011(September November).The data obtained was used to compute various noise
parameters, namely equivalent continuous level (Leq), Noise pollution level (Lnp), Noise climate (NC), Percentile noise levels (L10, L50,
L90).The comparison of the data shows that the noise levels at various locations of the Chidambaram town are more than the
permissible limits. Vehicular traffic and air horns are found to be the main reasons for these high noise levels. This study examines the
problems of reduction of individual's efficiency in his/her respective working places because of road traffic noise pollution in
Chidambaram due to rapidly growing vehicular traffic. This paper deals with monitoring of the disturbances caused due to vehicular
road traffic interrupted by traffic flow conditions on personal work performance. Traffic volume count and noise indices data were
collected simultaneously at ten selected sites of the town. The noise level values for exceeded the standards set by the central pollution
control board.
Index Terms: Ambient noise, level, Noise pollution, Noise climate, dB (A) decibel, Vehicular traffic.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
Chidambaram is an ancient famous temple town of the Lord
Nataraja (Siva) in Hindu, Religion. It is most important holy
and pilgrimage center attracting tourists, coming from all over
India and Abroad. The town is named after the temple called
Chit Saba. On the other hand, Chidambaram (i.e. Music
Hall or Hall of wisdom) The temple Nataraja was built during
the 6-8th centuries after which it was historically influenced
and place of sanctity of divine Lord Siva by devoting service
of Chola, Pandya, and Vijayanagara Kings during their
regime. The Saivate Saint Thiru Manickavasagar, who visited
this place and made miracles, fascinating public in the part of
divinity, enlightened the Shine of divine Sanctity. This town
is called Thillai as sung in Saiva Puranas. Since the place
was Thillai forest and in later stage it is called as Margali
(December) is celebrated every year, fascinating devotes from
all
over
India
and
abroad.
The
temples
at Kalahasti, Kanchipuram, and Chidambaram all stand on a
straight line at 79' 45" east longitude.
The Chidambaram temple houses the Akasha Lingam of Shiva
and is considered one of the greatest Shiva Temples of Tamil
Nadu. Chidambaram hosts the most ancient set of the
108Karana stone carvings, the key dance movements of
Nataraja. The temple complex is spread over 40 acres
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
85
(b)Vehicular Traffic
Increase in vehicular traffic is also a source of noise pollution
around the globe especially in most urban cities around the
world. The situation is getting seriously alarming with
increase in traffic density on city roads (ibid). The emissions
of smoke from cars are of great concern to the changes we are
currently experiencing in the climate of this country and that
of the world in general.
(d)Household Noise:
Household equipments such as vacuum cleaners, mixers and
some kitchen appliances are noisemakers of the house.
Though they do not cause too much of problem, their effect of
noise emitted on human health cannot be neglected.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
86
2. PREVIOUS WORK
Thangadurai N, etc.al (2005) discussed the results obtained
in a study on environmental noise pollution in the city of
Salem. Road traffic noise has been a major contributor to the
annoyance, which is substantiated by the result of continuous
monitoring of noise equivalent levels (Leq) at a number of
silence, residential, commercial, industrial zones and road
intersections.Tiwari Divya et.al (2005) Paper assesses the
intensity of noise in different zones of the Kanpur city. A
critical perusal of the data obtained with the mandatory values
revealed that most of the zones surveyed are under the threat
of noise menace. Paper also refers the legal options available
to counteract this menace.
Jeba Rajasekhar RV, etc.al (2005) estimated either noise
levels exceed or are about to cross the permissible standards at
most of the sampling sites of current concern in the city. In
addition, a simple noise model in the current assessment
predicts the ambient noise level Leq and the predicted values
are compared with the experimental noise levels. As the
predicted values are in reasonable agreement with the
estimated values of noise levels, it can be concluded that the
modeling equations of present study can be used to predict the
noise levels all over the city.
Pachpande BG, et.al (2005) reported that the hearing status
and audiometric analysis of school teachers and students was
collected from the schools located in the near vicinity of NH-6
passing through Jalgaon city. About 84% teachers and 92%
students have reported hearing difficulty in the questionnaire.
In the audiometric testing mild hearing loss (25 to 35 dBHL)
was observed in both the subject groups. The strategies need
to adopt for protection of the teachers/students from the noise
exposure are suggested.
Banerjee D, etc.al (2006) revealed that nighttime noise levels
(10.00 pm - 6.00 am) in all the locations exceeded the limit
prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board. The daytime
noise level was much higher at all locations in respect to the
nighttime noise level. The Day-Night equivalent noise level
(Ldn) was determined and ranged between 67.16 dB (A) and
89.44 dB (A).Kisku GC, etc.al (2006) Studied 12 locations
with sound level meter to assess day time and night time noise
levels of Lucknow city. In residential areas, noise ranged
between 67.7 to 78.9 and 52.9 to 56.4; in commercial cum
traffic areas 74.8 to 84.2 and 68.2 to 74.9 and in industrial
areas 76.9-77.2 and 72.2-73.1 dB (A) during day and night
time respectively, Values were higher than their prescribed
standards, which may pose a significant impact on quality of
life.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
87
Parameters
Documented values
82,458
Population(2011
census)
Geographical
area(km2)
Population density
Latitude
11.4N
S2
Government Higher secondary
school
O.P.Road(Medical college)
Annual rainfall(mm)
170mm
37C
10
Max.temperature
during winter in C
Min.temperature
during winter in C
Humidity (%)
11
Wind speed(km/hr)
12mph
S3
S4
Commercial zone
2
79.7E
S1
12,052.8in h/sq.km
Longitude
Code
Pachaiyappa;s school
Government Hospital
4.80Km2
Zone(Location name)
Silence zone
Bus Stand
South car street(National
shopping)
West car street
Residential zone
C1
R1
R2
C2
C3
R3
21C
S Sensitive areas, C-Commercial areas, R-Residential areas
49.2%
Type of area
Industrial area
B
C
Commercial
area
Residential area
Silence area
Environmental noise
standards (Leq) in dB(A)
Day time
Night time
75
65
65
55
55
45
50
40
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
88
C3
R2
C1
S1
C2
S2
R1
S4
S3
R3
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
89
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
90
S4
84
50
C1
102
48
C2
97
51
C3
89
61
R1
87
51
R2
85
57
R3
80
54
67
7 6 58
1 5
Commercial zone
75 7 7 63
8 0
74 7 6 62
6 8
75 7 6 60
3 7
Residential zone
69 7 6 58
2 3
76 7 6 59
5 4
67 7 6 58
1 0
67.
8
80.
8
80
13
73.
7
71.
2
69.
8
88.
7
85.
2
82.
8
93
15
88
14
82
13
66.
2
68.
2
62.
8
80.
2
84.
2
75.
8
84
14
93
16
80
13
The table 4 shows the average noise levels and their variations
with distance away from the roadsides.
Table 4 Average level of noise (Leq) in Chidambaram town
Time interval
10a.m-11.00a.m
10
80.2
11a.m-12.00
78.4
12-1.00p.m
1.00 p.m2.00p.m
2.00 p.m3.00p.m
3.00 p.m4.00p.m
4.00 p.m5.00p.m
5.00 p.m6.00p.m
6.00 p.m7.00p.m
7.00 p.m8.00p.m
81.4
84.3
Site
s
Ma
x
S1
89
S2
95
S3
52
70.4
0
73.5
68.2
0
70.4
65.3
0
67.6
68.3
70.1
0
60.3
0
64.8
83.2
0
85.2
80.6
76.5
74.9
70.6
68.4
82.3
78.4
75.3
72.3
70.4
82.3
80.2
76.8
74.6
71.5
69.4
80.0
76.1
0
72.5
68.3
65.2
0
61.5
75.5
78.6
Mi
n
100
60.3
1
61.4
T
N
N
C
82
13
90
15
32
10
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
91
REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS
The honking of horns, flow of ill-maintained vehicles and
poor road conditions on roadsides that cause traffic congestion
were found to be the reasons for high noise level in
Chidambaram town. People in general, patients and students
in particular are highly exposed to noise level. Residential
areas are too exposed to the high noise level. The study also
concludes that:
1. Majority of the people are not wearing hearing
protective equipments Main reasons were their
negligence, feeling of un- comfortableness.
2. Almost all the people are highly exposed to high
noise levels [>60 dB (A)], without proper ear
protection.
Following measures need to be taken to tackle the situation:
a) . Ban on use of horns.
b) . Proper maintenance of roads
c) . Removal of road side encroachments
d) . Planting of recommended plant species
e)
The implementation of the technical measures for
noise levels.
The following conclusions were obtained from our
study.Maxixmum noise level of 101d B (A) is observed at Bus
stand in the morning time and minimum noise level of 44d B
(A) is observed at government higher secondary school in the
afternoon.
The results of this study show that the level of noise pollution
in Chidambaram town far exceeds the acceptable limits set by
the CPCB.Even in the residential areas and vulnerable
institutions like schools and hospitals, noise is much higher
than the acceptable limit. This has serious implication on the
general health and wellbeing of the inhabitants of the
Chidambaram town. It is also observed that noise level is
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
92
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
93