GATE 1990

19(i).

For a 1-1 fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, the following data are given,
Design inside pressure: Shell side = 103 kN /m2;
Tube side = 2 x 103 kN /m2;
Design temperature;
Shell side = 50C;
Tube side = 150C;
Allowable stress value at both design temperatures is 1.2 x 103 kN /m 2. Shell
inside diameter = 0.6m, corrosion allowance (for shell and headers) = 3 x10 -3
m and Joint efficiency = 1. Find to the nearest mm,
(a)
The shell thickness.
(b)
The header shell thickness.
GATE 1991

10(i). Fill in the blanks:

(a).
Narrow faced flange is the one where all the face
contact area lies _____________ the circle enclosed by the
boltholes.
(b).

In calculation of flange stress, the loads acting on the

flange are to be calculated both for operating as well as
for bolting up conditions and _____________ of the two will
be taken.

(c).

Providing uniformly spaced internal or external

circumferential _ may increase the rigidity of the
cylindrical
vessel
subjected
to
external
pressure.

(d).

Expansion joints are provided in fixed tube heat

exchanger to reduce ______________ in the shell and
tubes.

20(i).

A spherical storage tank is having an outer diameter of 2 m

and a thickness of 5 mm. The tank seams are welded and
having joint efficiency of 0.85. The material of construction will
be plain carbon steel. The chemical will be stored at the
maximum temperature of 298 K. No corrosion problems are
expected. What maximum internal pressure the tank will
withstand safely? Allowable design stress value at working
temperature is 118 MN /m2

GATE 1992

10(b). For pipelines handling fluid under pressure, circumferential stiffening rings
are used for withstanding higher internal pressure. (True or False).
(
2)
10(c). In the layout plan for a vacuum distillation unit, operating at 60 mm Hg,
supported by a barometric condenser, the appropriate place for the location
of vacuum drum for collecting the distillate will be,
(A).

At ground level.

(B).

2 m above ground.

(C).

5 m above ground.

(D).

10 m above ground.

20.
(a).
Give the expression for the two principal stresses for a
cylindrical pressure vessel closed at both ends.

(b).
For a gas cylinder, designed on the Thin Cylinder
Principle, calculate the thickness of a seamless cylinder under
the following conditions:
Pressure of N2 gas in the cylinder = 100 x
5
2
10 N/m ;
Tensile stress permissible = 1200 x 105 N/m2;
Internal diameter of cylinder = 25 cm.

19(b). For a gas cylinder, designed on the Thin Cylinder Principle, calculate the
thickness of a seamless cylinder under the following conditions:

Pressure of N2 gas in the cylinder = 100 x 105 N/m2;

Tensile stress permissible = 1200 x 105 N/m2;
Internal diameter of cylinder = 25 cm.

GATE 1993
9(a).

The important stresses induced in the shell of tall vertical vessels are,
(A).
__________________;
(B).
__________________;
(C).
__________________;
(D).
__________________

9(b).

The tensile stresses resulting from internal pressure are,

(i).
_____________ expressed as ____________ and
(ii).
_____________ expressed as ____________.

10(a). A cylindrical shell under external pressure tends to ___________ as a result of

external radial pressure. The external pressure at which buckling occurs depends upon

______________, _____________ and __________ when the length of the shell is

less than the critical length
.
10(b). Match the following:
(I).
Gasket.
(II).
Anchor bolts.
(III0. Skirt.
(IV). Guy wire.

- (A). External support.

- (B). Flange joints.
- (C). Foundation.
- (D). Base support.

GATE 1995
14. A chemical reaction vessel made of plain carbon steel is to be designed for
operation at a pressure of 15 bar absolute and a temperature of 2900C. The
ellipsoidal bottom will have a ratio of major axis : minor axis of 2 : 1. As a
safeguard it is proposed to provide a corrosion allowance of 10% of calculated
thickness. Design pressure may be taken as 110% of the operating
pressure. At the operating conditions the design stress permissible (f) will
have a value of 85 N/mm 2. Calculate the thickness of the cylindrical portion of
the reactor and the ellipsoidal bottom. Fig. 1 may be referred for dimensions.

GATE 1998

1.25 For a cylindrical internally pressurized vessel, which of the

following closure types would withstand highest pressure if each
closure is of the same material and thickness ?

A) Hemispherical,
1)
C) Conical,

B) Ellipsoidal (2 :
D) Flat plate,

2.24 A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcement

calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending up to
double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that
of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his
approach leads to safe design.

A.

only if the opening is on the spherical vessel,

B.

only if the opening is on a vertical cylindrical vessel,

C.

only if the opening is on a horizontal cylindrical vessel,

D.

irrespective of the shape of the vessel,

2.25 For a cylindrical vessel of moderate height, the weld joint efficiency for joints
parallel to the cylinder axis is given as 1.0 while for joints along the girth
(circumference) it is given as 0.8. In calculating the shell wall thickness using code
formula, for an internally pressureized cylindrical vessel, what value of weld joint
efficiency should be used ?

A) 0.8,

B) 0.9,

C) 1.0,

D) (0.8)0.5,

26. For a flanged joint, it is proposed to use bolts on a flange with bolt root
diameter of 12.5 mm. The allowable stress for the bolt material is 150 MN/m 2. The

total bolt load is 1.6 MN. Recommend a minimum number of bolts that should be
provided.

GATE 2001

1.20 A perforated plate has holes of diameter dh arranged in a

pitch ph. Each hole has tube of i.d., dt, passing through it. The
ligament efficiency is given by

1.21 The ends of a cylindrical vessel can be closed by a head, which

can be one of the four shapes. For the same thickness, choose the
one which can withstand the highest pressure
A) flat plate
ellipsoidal

B)

hemispherical

C)

torispherical D)

2.23 In a cylindrical vessel subjected to internal pressure, the

longitudinal stress L, and the circumferential stress, h, are
related by
A)

h = 2 L

B) h = L

C) h = L / 2

D) no relation exists

GATE 2002

2.17 A cylindrical pressure vessel of volume 6 P m3 has to be

designed to withstand a maximum internal pressure of 10 atm. The

allowable design stress of the material is 125 N/mm2 and corrosion

allowance is 2 mm. The thickness of the vessel for a
length/diameter ratio of 3 will be close to

A) 5 mm

B) 6 mm

C) 8 mm

D) 10 mm

GATE 2003

27. The variables required to be known in correlations used for

estimating the horse power of a centrifugal gas compressor and
hence its cost are
P
PM

inlet pressure

R
delivery
flow rate at inlet

a) P,
S

pressure

&
R
d) P, R & S

compressor R
S

b) P

&

volumetric

c) R

&

GATE 2007

17.
Select the most appropriate pump from Group 2 to handle
each fluid flow given in Group 1,

Group
1

Group 2

P. Highly viscous fluid flow

(1) piston pump
Q. Fluid containing large amount of abrasive
solids
(2) gear pump
(3) plunger pump

(4) centrifugal pump

A) P-(2), Q-(1)

B) P-(2), Q-(4)

C) P-(3), Q-(4)

18.
roof,

B) P-(4), Q-(3)

A cylindrical storage tank can have a self-supported conical

A. if its diameter is less than 20 m

B. if its diameter is more than 50 m
C. if the thickness of the roof is more than that of the
cylindrical shell
D. whatever is the diameter

GATE 2008

11.To determine the performance of a compressor, a standardized test is performed. In

the testing process,when the compressor is under operation, shut off term signifies

A) maximum flow

B) zero flow,

C) steady flow,

D) intermittent flow

37. A cylindrical vessel with hemispherical ends is filled with water

as shown in the figure. The head space is pressurized to a gauge

pressure of 40 kN/m2. The vertical forces F (in kN) tending to lift

the top dome and the absolute pressure P (in kN/m2) at the bottom
of the vessel are (g = 9.8 m/s2, density of water = 1000 kg/m3)
A) F = 83.6 ; P = 64.5

B) F = 83.6 ; P = 165.8

C) F = 125.7 ; P = 64.5

D) F = 125.7 ; P = 165.8

67. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, if the shell length is L S, the
baffle spacing is LB and the thickness of baffle is tb, the number of
baffles on the shell side, NB, is

GATE 2011

Q.6
Minimum input required to calculate the blank diameter for a torispherical
head is
(A)
crown radius,
(B)
crown radius, knuckle radius and length of straight flange
(C)
knuckle radius and length of straight flange
(D)
crown radius, and knuckle radius
Q.25 In a thin walled cylindrical vessel of thickness t with inside radius r, the
internal gauge pressure is p. The hoop stress and the longitudinal stress in the shell
are and respectively. Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE ?