Principles of

Health and
Social Care

INTRODUCTION
This assignment is having its base on the principles of health and social care which is
helping into understanding and acknowledging the uniqueness of individuals of health and
social care takers and planning the service support. Within this task I am discussing the
principles and the values which are supporting the care users, the procedures which are being
used for providing a better care and the benefits of person-centre approach as well as the
ethical dilemmas.

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1.1 Explain how principles of support are applied to ensure that service users are cared for
inFleetwood Hall Home

When it comes to health and social care support, values and principles are playing an
important role for it success. Principles were defined by the Oxford Dictionary in 2013 as
fundamental truth which provides foundation for system of behavior. On the other hand
these represent the base for guidelines which is describing the appropriate ways of behavior.
For example practitioners are treating care users with respect because it believed that is the
appropriate thing to do. Values are being defined as beliefs which are describing the
importance and the morality of what is right and wrong in the support of social care. (Clarke,
2000)
Being able to follow the principles is an important thing for supporting the care users:
Promotion the individuals rights: people are having the right of confidentiality, respecting
their individuality and acknowledgements as their choosing right. Mary is having the ability
of making her own choice and people who take care of her should respect their choices.
Being able to gain the appropriate information about the patients and to be able to
communicate effectively with them. Care workers should find the appropriate manner to
communicate with Mary in order for her to fell that she is living in a friendly environment.
In setting health care, support principle must be applied in a certain way into assuring and
maintaining the users of services a wellbeing and a better health and care workers must be
aware about this aspect and respect the beliefs and the culture of the patients. Service users
are able of taking their own decisions because they are having this right but is important to
respect the rights of people and to not violate the organizational policies.

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Source: http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk
In order to ensure that individuals are being cared properly in health and social care is
being required to be applied as support number of principles. Providing support to the users
of services represent the most important principle of health and social care practice.
Patients are having various care workers and private coming very closely to them. So they
are able to know lots of private matters of patients and keeping them secret represent their
duty.
Is a hard thing to handle people which are mentally affected because they need more
supervision and mental support. For that is being required to restrict their freedom. Protecting
patients from emotional harm is challenging because every individual is having a different
character and outlook. The most appropriate solution for these patients is to provide them
emotional support to a friendly and loving behavior.

1.2 Outlines the procedures that are adopted in Fleetwood Hall Homefor protecting
clients and colleagues from harm.

Promoting and maintaining the health of clients and keeping them comfortable and safe
represent one of the main objective in setting health and social care.
Care workers are helping clients into completing their tasks, if they are unable of managing
and handling their own staff. Also a necessary thing for care workers is to protect their
colleagues from harm. If is happening any negative thing which will affect adversely their job
is important to maintain safety and health policies all the time. Care workers are using certain
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flow buddy system and devices, if any client is having complex problems, which is helping
into making easier their job and reducing the workload and saving energy and time.
(Clouston, 2005)
Is preferable into going to other colleagues when certain clients are becoming aggressive
and when are having a violent attitude. Care workers are handling situations which are bad
when the users of services are using nasty words by being able to talk kindly and positively.
Care workers must make sure that they provides effectives quality services, risk free and safe
by following at any time the standards, for example they are saving clients from physical
harm if they are following carefully safety standards.
The HSE is the UK government body responsible for enforcing health and safety at work
legislation. The HSE also plays a major role in producing advice on health and safety issues,
and guidance on relevant legislation. The role of enforcement is split between HSE and local
authorities depending on the business sector. In addition, HSE conducts research into the
effectiveness of regulations and other health and safety issues, consults with employers and
employees representatives, and advises legislators and government on health and safety.
http://www.healthyworkinglives.com/advice/Legislation-and-policy/Workplace-Health-andSafety/health-safety-legislation
Risk assessment is about being able to identify the measures which are sensible for
controlling the risk from workplace. The risk assessment is helping into deciding whether
employers are having covered all the needs of their employees.

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1.3 Analyze the benefit of following a person-centred approach with the service users of
Fleetwood Hall Home.

The person-centre approach is focusing its attention on the emotional needs and
preferences of the individuals. This represents a non- directive approach which is recognizing
the needs of every person and supporting them with flexibility, innovation through an
inclusive process. This is focusing on the control and choice, creativity, commitment and
understanding to safe care and ethical, respecting the decisions of individuals, decision
making and being trustworthy. (Nolan, 2005)
The most important benefits which can be obtained are:
Obtaining a certain help in identifying the importance of individuals;
Is providing a user focused care service;
Is helping to set and plan directions to the life of the individuals;
Is providing support into encouraging creativity in social care;
Is enhancing the responsibility of individuals for their lives as they are contributing to
decisions.

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1.4 Explain any ethical dilemmas and conflict that may have arisen when providing
care, support and protection to the elderly clients in Fleetwood Hall Homecare
home.
Conflicts and ethical dilemmas are occurring when working with individuals in health and
social care which are different beliefs, needs, religions, norms and cultures. This occurs when
there are certain situations which are having more than one choice in conflict with each other.
(Dolgoff, 2011)
These situations are being handled ethically and carefully without causing people harm.
As nurses we often deal with ethical dilemmas in our everyday clinical practice; and as
professionals we have the responsibility to analyze and examine any ethical problems that
may arise. Any decision should be based on ethical principle that protects the best interest of
both the patient and the health care provider. This paper will outline a critical incident which
occurred in one of my clinical experience in intensive care unit (ICU).It presents the clinical
case, identifies the ethical dilemma, and discusses the principles that apply to this situation.
http://www.health.org.uk/sites/default/files/PersonCentredCareMadeSimple.pdf
Sometimes care workers are facing situations which can be contradictory for them. Is
essential for care workers to be able to maintain rules and organizational policies at all the
time for the clients wellbeing but in certain situations they are not able to implement them.
(Reamer, 2006)

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TASK 2
2.1 Explain the implementation of policies, legislation, regulations and codes of practice
that are relevant to own work in Fleetwood Hall Home.

When it come to implement policies every Care Home should ensure the equal and fair
treatment opportunities taking into consideration the patients health and safety, minimizing
harm, confidentiality, eliminating conflicts and enhancing their interest through risk
assessment. Taking into consideration patients illness the management of health and social
care should be able to communicate with them and provide them information about the risks
involved with people bad habits.
Legislations
Legislations consist with the individuals statutory rights. These ones have been enforced
by the government of UK through laws. (Fisher et al, 2005)
Code of practices
When patients are receiving care support the providers of acre should establish code of
practices in order to ensure that patients are getting the appropriate quality of the care support
which they are expecting.

Care Standards Act (2000):

Ensures all care provision meets with the National Minimum Standards. Sets standards
for the level of care given to individuals requiring social care. Requires that all staff have a
thorough police check before they begin working with children and adults and that a list is
kept of individuals who are unsuitable to work with children or vulnerable adults.
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http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/14/contents
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999)

Explain to managers and employers what measures they must take to keep staff safe. The
main focus of the regulations is risk assessment. The regulations explain how to conduct a
risk assessment and what the assessment should contain.
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3242/contents/made
In order to ensure the appropriate quality of the services which are given to the users in
health and social care, implementing this policies, regulations, code of practices and
legislations it is important to be made according to the local and national legislation and
policies.

2.2 Explain how policies and procedures can be developed in Fleetwood Hall Home in
accordance with national policy requirements.

Within UK there are various national policies and legislations which have been enforced
by the government for safeguarding the health and social care support. For examples Care
Standard Act of 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001, code of practices for social care
employers and workers , policies, regulations, legislations are being applicable for the
providers of health and social care.
There are certain examples which Care Homes can develop with their practices:

Equality Act 2000- according to this act Care Homes cannot discriminate people

needs based on their differences in race, religion, culture, age etc.

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Code of practice for social care workers: all care workers should establish within their

services professionalism. For example in a situation where a patient is hard to handle or

aggressive in this care workers should be able to act with professionalism and eliminate any
harm for the patient.
National policies have a major impact on the resourcing of health-care services but,
increasingly, they also set performance indicators and evaluation criteria. For example, if one
criterion for evaluation is that every patient should have a 'named nurse', then this will affect
how you organise work, or at least the way you welcome a patient into your unit. Similarly, if
a set of performance indicators set by national government focuses on measuring 'throughput'
of patients, you may find yourself under pressure to discharge people from your care more
quickly than otherwise.

2.3 Evaluate the impact of policy, legislation, regulation, and codes of practice on
policies and practices of Fleetwood Hall Home.

In UK there are number of legislations introduced to apply for the health and social care
support and also the government makes changes to those legislations time to time according
to the necessary.
All these legislations have an impact over the existing policies and practices of Care Home
as they are liable to practice according to the enforced legislations. For example the changes
of Health and Social Care act 2012 affect on the National Health Service act 2006. This has
an impact over care practices as now they are more required to enhance the accountability,

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improve the quality of the support, provide opportunities and empower individuals to make
the choices and etc.
According to the changes made to the Care Standard Act 2000, it requested all the care
providers to have a framework for regulate their practices including residential family centres
and domiciliary care providers. Every social care provider should accomplish the national
and local legislations of health and social care when they providing the service. (University
of Oxford, 2000)

Task 3
3.1 Explain the theories that underpin your work as care worker in Fleetwood Hall Home.

Social Care Theory for Practice is a major component of your HNC in Social Care. It
covers important elements like values, anti-discriminatory practice, legislation, care planning
and intervention methods, as well as team work, and is very much focused upon how theory
relates to day-to-day work. You may also find that it lends itself to other areas of study, like
psychology, social policy or sociology, and hopefully, as individuals gain experience in
workplaces, they will benefit from understanding how theories and class work relating to
actual real-life work. It will challenge their thoughts and experiences.
http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/feandvocational/healthandsocialcare/hnc/stan
daloneproducts/hncinsocialcare/hnc_chapter_1.pdf

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For health and social care practices, there are certain theories. Individuals need, and
various events and processes get priority in those theories concentrate on. For promoting
healthy lifestyle and achieving high level of physical, spiritual, social, mental and emotional
fitness for service users, those theories help to develop plans.
In his theory, human needs are classified in several levels and basic needs are put in the
first. According to his theory, without fulfilling the bottom level a man doesn't move to the
next level. Physiological or physical needs are considered as most fundamental needs in this
theory. Safety and security, love and belongingness, self esteem and self actualization is in the
next level. In making the care and service plan for a service user this theory is implemented.
Care workers have to deal with different kind of people in health and social care setting.
For quick recovery of patients from various stress and illness, care workers will take care of
their patients effectively. Regarding service users own roles and responsibilities and
organizational policies and managing patients and their behaviours, service users should have
adequate knowledge for providing better services.
Behaviourist Theory
This theory is solely about observation. It mainly focuses on direct observation; it is
considered that learning is the product of the stimulus conditions (S) and the responses (R) so
that it is also called the S-R model of learning. The learning process is relatively simple not
only in humans but also in animals. Behaviourist theories are more used in education and
psychology. It is also used in combination with other theories, like cognitive theory.
Cognitive Theory
Cognitive theory consists of a number of sub theories and is mainly used in education and
counselling. This theory is based on the learning and changing in the cognition including
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perception, thought, memory, and interpretation. Cognitive learning, a highly active process
directed by the individual, involves receiving the information, interpreting it based on own
knowledge and then reorganizing the information into new way.
Social Theory
Social learning theory is on learning that involves consideration of the personal
characteristics of the learner, behaviour patterns, and the environment. In early formulations,
behaviourist features and the imitation of role models; next the focus was on cognitive
considerations, such as the attributes of the self and the internal processing of the learner.
Psychodynamic Theory
This theory is different than the rest of all. As this is all about motivation and emotions rather
than responses, the psychodynamic theory emphasizes the importance of conscious and
unconscious forces in guiding behaviour, personality conflicts, and the enduring effects of
experiences. As Pullen (2002) pointed out, negative emotions are important to recognize and
assess in nurse-patient-doctor-family interactions, and the psychodynamic theory can be
helpful in this regard.
Humanistic Theory
This theory is all about the probability and positivity. Every individual is unique and wants to
move in positive way. Humanistic theory go with healthcare providers, as they focus on
caring and patient centeredness, an orientation that is increasingly challenged by the
emphasis in medicine and health care on science, technology, cost efficiency, for- profit
medicine, bureaucratic organization, and time pressures.

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3.2 Analyse how social processes impact on your service users in Fleetwood Hall Home

It can be identify several social structures and process in the society which care takes of
ABC Care Home should understand because these social process have an impact over the
service provided by them (Sowers and Catherine 2008 p.09).
Social process can be described as the way of interacting with others and established systems
of relationships. Different individuals are coming with different social processes and
therefore care workers should understand these carefully. Some individuals experience
isolation without family and relations, some individuals experience poverty, some people are
unemployed and some have lack of education. In such social process, care providers greater
attention should be needed in order to provide them better support. Some people are coming
with very poor health conditions.
The social processes are the fundamental in social relationships are established due to
interaction among people. Following are the few processes that occurs amongst people or
groups in health and social care
Accommodation: It is the adjustment of people or groups in which health and social
care people starts accommodate others in case of limited services or carers
Assimilation: Penetration of people or groups, who share memories, ideas, emotions
and attitudes of other persons or groups during their course in health and social care
setting.
Competition: Sometime, especially in case of an insufficient supply of anything even
services that user's desire, the competition starts among users.

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 Conflict: Sometime people instead of competing for the services or the objects starts
competition with the person make them rival so it results in conflict among them.
Co-operation: many users in are practice work together to look after each other, and
not to solely depends on carer.
Intermixing: Different people spend time and mix with communities that have
different values and beliefs. People with different cultures, religions, values, social
class backgrounds etc, influenced one's values and beliefs.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/social-work/support-in-health-and-social-care-practicesocial-work-essay.php

3.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of inter-professional working for your service users in
Fleetwood Hall Home.
Interprofessional care is the provision of health services to patients by few
healthcare providers who work together to provide quality care in healthcare settings.
This point need no prove that this kind of care offers many benefits like an enhanced
health care provision, improved healthcare outcomes especially in case of poly pharmacy
and multiple disease conditions. There is negligible chance of conflict and competition, as
everyone performs their roles and properly using clinical resources. Others include easier
recruitment of caregivers and lower staff turnover rates. Inter professional care, is the
provision of complete health services to patients by multiple health caregivers who work
together to deliver quality care. It can be implemented to assist in health care system
renewal and improved sustainability.

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A research in Health care systems indicates that interprofessional care can provide
many benefits, including improved patient care and safety, enhanced provider satisfaction
and better organizational efficiency. It can also contribute in innovation and sustainability.
Interprofessional care benefits arises due to research include that the communication
increases while medical errors decreases. According to research study in emergency
department, medical error reduced from 30.9 to 4.4%.
If there is less communication and coordination, it will results in extra medical testing
and increasing costs. Another research study indicates that, if there is a team of
professionals in large hospitals the chances of unexpected cardiac emergencies can be
reduced up to 50% (Ontario, 2007).
For health and social care it covers all aspects of the service users needs and
facilitates health workers to work as a team. The lack of one persons expertise will be
satisfied by other person of the same field which makes it effective. It helps to make the
plan of care continuous and to decrease delays in the service.
Almost in all aspect of health care, it can effectively meet the needs of the service user,
and would promote the holistic approach to health. Positive and trustworthy working
relationship between workers and service users is encouraged by it.

TASK 4

4.1 Explain your own role, responsibilities, accountabilities and duties in the context of
your work as a Manager within and outside your own Care/nursing Home to resolve
the failings mentioned by CQC.
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There many roles and responsibilities of a worker regarding to the employer and the
people or client during working in health and social care setup. There are different kind of
persons with different preferences, choices and nature with which you have to coordinate
with. There are individuals' care and support plans, which help you a lot in dealing with
such kind of situations and individuals. Therefore it is essential to read, understand and
follow those care and support plans.
When I talk about my role, it is also depend on key principles and ethical practice.
Always respect and prioritize public trust and confidence and accountable for the quality
of work. Always be responsible for maintaining standards and improve knowledge and
skills. Support them during their course, and guide them to live open and independent. In
order to provide quality care listening is the key, which helps to understand them.
These are some of the worker responsibilities towards individuals support:

Their rights and interests should be protected.

Build trust and maintain their confidence
They should keep away from any kind of damage and harm.
Their behaviour does not harm anyone.

These are some of the ways that can maintain professional boundaries including you should
be reliable and do not make inappropriate relationships with others, protect and promote the
people around. Always be honest and trustable. Should always follow the written policies and
procedures and cooperate with the people around. Do not discriminate against anyone and
maintain clear and accurate records.

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4.2 Evaluate your own contribution to the development and implementation of

organisational policy in your own Care/Nursing Home to rectify the shortcomings pointed
out by CQC (D2. 4.2)

In the development of health and social care organizational policy following contents are
included:
Scope Context and Policy Statement
It includes what kind of agencies, services and peoples included in the documentation
and the services and other legal contents which should be mentioned in the document.
There must be a clear statement regarding to policy, its protocols, procedures and
guidelines.
Process for development
In the process of policy development there will be some identified resources that must
be included like national audit report, inquires, acts, local requirements and in case of
incident what steps and measures should be taken.
Implementation Plan
An implementation plan is attached when policies are submitted. This should improve
consideration of need for how aims and objectives will be achieved, what will be the
learning and development plans and Proposal, how the documents are used, how to
monitor and review the policies and finally the performance standards.
Monitoring and review

4.3 Make recommendations to develop own contributions to meeting good practice

requirements in your won care/nursing home in the future.

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Social workers should perform and manage their tasks with responsibility and full
attention. They should always show positive attitude and professional behaviour towards their
work. It is necessary to continuously enhance social work skills and this can be done by
continuing professional development programs. Health and Social care workers should aware
of the body language of the client and able to identify the situations and client condition.
Health and Social care workers should have strong and useful contacts within the
field. Social worker should encourage users to make their own system of support, and guide
them to help themselves and others when necessary. Health and Social care workers should
make flexible and trustworthy relations with the users, families and with the colleagues.
Health care setups should provide such environment to the workers where they can express
constructive and innovative ideas to help others (Cavallari, 2003).

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CONCLUSION

Within this assignment it can be seen the importance of the principles in health and social
care which is supporting the users of services of health and social care. When social care
support is being provided for supporting the individuals is very important for home nursing to
have certain principles which is guiding them through regulations and laws of health and
social care.

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REFERENCES

Clarke, L., Sachs, B., and Summer, S. F. (2000), Health and Social Care, Stanley Thorners
(Publishers) Ltd.
Clouston, T. J. and Westcott, L. (2005), Working in Health and Social Care, Elsevier Limited
Dolgoff, R., Harrington, D. and Loewendery, F. M. (2011), Ethical Decision for Social Work
Practice, 9th ed., Cengage Learning
Eden, S. (2008), Society, Health and Development Level 1 Foundation Diploma,Pearson.
Fisher, A., Segmons, S., Blackmore, C. and Snaith, M. (2005), Health and Social Care,
Heinemann Educational Publishers.
Fong, C.B. (2006), Smoking and Health: Research Frontiers, 1st edition, Nova Publishers
Haworth, E., Allen, B., Forshaw,C., Nicol ,D. And Volbracht ,A .(2008), Society, Health and
Development Level 2 Higher Diploma,Pearson
Kadushin and Egan (2001), Ethical Dilemmas in Home HealthCare, A Social Work
Perspective

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