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Physics
Project
HRITAM SHARMA
ROLLNO. 9
XI A

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Acknowledgement

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Index
page 4 - Objective, Introduction, Materials
and Equipment.

page 5 - Theory.
page 6 - Experimental Procedure,
Calculations.

page 7 - Result, Precautions, Sources

of error.

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Objective
To apply the principles of hydraulics in building a working
model of a hydraulic lift.

Introduction
What do a wheelchair lift, an excavator at a construction
site, and a dentist's chair have
in common? The ability to lift a heavy load. And in all of
these examples, the ability is
due to the power of hydraulics.
Hydraulics is the study of liquids and their mechanical
properties: for instance, how
they move, resist movement, act when subject to pressure,
and so forth. In
engineering, one application of hydraulics is using liquids,
like water and oil, to move
things. Why use a liquid to move things, instead of, say,
air? One important reason is
that a liquid is incompressible, which means that if you
press on it, you cannot change
its volume

Materials and Equipment

1. small container of radius 3 cm (A)
2. another pipe like container of radius 0.5 cm (B)
3. connecting pipe of plastic of radius 1 cm (C)
4. epoxy(M-Seal)
5.piston or radius 0.4 cm (D)
6. round 'thermocol' piece 'or radius 2.98 cm (E)

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7. Glycerin

Theory
Using Pascal's law which states that if gravity effects
could be neglected, then pressure at all points in a
liquid container is the same.

Let P1,P2,F1,F2,A1,A2,X1,X2,W1,W2 be the pressure,

force applied, area, distance moved, work done by
piston(a) and piston (b) respectively.
P1 = P2 (Pascal's law)
F1/A1 = F2/A2
F2/F1 = A2/A1 ............................(i)
A2 >> A1
F2 >> F1
A1X1 = A2X2
A2/A1 = X1/X2............................(ii)
A2 >> A1
X1 >> X2
W1 = F1X1 &W2 = F2X2
W1/W2 = F1X1/F2X2
from (i) and (ii)
W1/W2 = A1A2/A2A1

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W1 = W2
Therefore work done by piston(A) is equal to work done
by piston(B).

Experimental Procedure
1. Assemble the material as shown in figure (1) and seal
the joints with epoxy to make the model of hydraulic lift.
2. Pour Glycerin through (a) until it reaches level (b).
3.Put payload on (E).
4.Insert piston (D) in (B) shown in figure (2) and push
gently.
5.(E) will rise up due to the force exerted by piston (D)
through the liquid.

Calculations
P1 = P2 (Pascal's law)
F1/A1 = F2/A2
F1 = F2.A1/A2 ............................(iii)
F2 is the force exerted by piston (D), F1 is the force
exerted on (E).

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A2 is the area of pipe like container (B) i.e. 0.78 cm^2,

and A1 is the area of small container (A) i.e. 28.27
cm^2.
after putting values of (A) and (B) in (iii)
F1 = F2 28.27/0.78
F1 = 36.F2 (approx)

Result
The force exerted by liquid on (E) is 36 times
greater than that of the force exerted by piston
(D) on liquid.

Precautions
1. No air bubbles should be present.
2. Piston should be pressed gently.
3. Give enough time to epoxy to harden
completely.

Sources of error

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1. Joints may not be air tight.

2. Leaks in containers.
3. Presence or air bubbles.