!

1&'(4/5 #&6(*
%MNIEHTNSES R =EJOHDWR
9NLJTJQKPN QDPRLSES
danijel.savi@yahoo.com

%&6: 28(497)"15/18"
;HEOLEWMN HDW
;HNXYEM: 13.01.2014

^=JEDBASDH BAAE#J>-DG=FAE#JD
1AH=.SA;D A#GDHD .D SDTD1.>H
^DGJD.<
@/K()/
D*0* ,- ; .36*1; .8/(6/8 N*.*05/9 :*)4*5*, ,-0*5 /0 B8/,53,3= 3 ;63@*,53,3=
0-823>43= 8-0/2* (2*4*4/ ,- 0-823>43 8-0 B-46*>3,*. Q-823>43 8-0 B-46*>3,*
5*(6*,- 5* ./08;7,; E5*0/)3,- 6/4/+ XIII 3 XIV 2-4*. N*=2*H;,;?3 (2/+
O;50*+-56*)5/+ 4*8*46-8; /)37-5/+ ; (2-/B;=2*65/+ (3548-63<+;, 0-823>43
8-0 B-46*>3,* ./7-64/+ XVI 2-4* ./.83+* >336(4/-*)-236(43 4*8*46-8, 0-6-8+353>;?3 (2/,- 2-8(4/ ;7-1- 4*/ 4/+B35*@3,; 0/46835* >33<+* 3 *)-2363<+*,
/)37-53= 48/< 8*<5- -)-+-56- (;O3<+*, ./+->*53= (* -)-+-563+* 3 /B37*,3+*
4/,3 ./637; 3< =83>?*5(62*, B;03<+*, 5-/.)*6/53<+*, =;8;O3<+* 3 .8*(6*86;8(4- 4;)6;8-. b38-1-+ /6/+*5(4- 3+.-83,-, 3 ;()-0 /08-M-53= 08;>62-5/./)363743= /4/)5/(63, 0-823>43 8-0 B-46*>3,* 0/)*<3 5* N*.*053 :*)4*, 90- 5*
.8/(6/8; E)B*53,- 5*)*<3 (2/,- ;./83>6- 3 /(6*,- 68*,5/ 2-<*5 3(4H;732/ <*
*)B*5(4; ./.;)*@3,; 4/,* 5*(6*1;,- 3 .8/(6/8- D/(/2* 3 N*.*05- C*4-0/53,-.
U/4/+ 28-+-5* (2/9 ./(6/,*1* 0-823>43 8-0 B-46*>3,* B32* 7-(6/ .8-0+-6
./)363743= 35(68;+-56*)3<*@3,*, ./7-2 /0 (68*5- /6/+*5(4- 08G*2- ; 4/,/j (;
();G3)3 4*/ 4/)/53<;,;?3 0-823>3 ; (28=; 3()*+3<*@3,- (6*5/253>62*, 3 0/
*)B*5(4- ./)36374- -)36-, 4/,* 3= ,- 4/83(63)* 4*/ 35(68;+-56 <*8*0 =/+/9-53<*@3,- *)B*5(4/9 08;>62* 5* 8-)393,(4/, /(5/23. _ 6/+ (+3();, ; /2/+ 6-4(6;
(- 0*,- .834*< 5*,2*G53,3= /(/B-5/(63 B-46*>3,(4/9 0-823>4/9 8-0*, 2-<*53= <*
13=/2 5*(6*5*4, /(5/25- 6-/)/>4- 0/46835-, =3,-8*8=3,(4- (68;46;8- <*,-053@-, 2-8(43= 836;*)* 3 .8*4(-, 4*/ 3 >38-1* 5* .8/(6/8; N*.*05/9 :*)4*5* 3
./)36374- 35(68;+-56*)3<*@3,- /0 (68*5- *)B*5(4- ./)36374- -)36- 6/4/+
XVIII 3 XIX 2-4*.
JL2M'/ $/M(: B-46*>3<*+, K*T3 :-46*>, >33<*+, 0-823>3, A*3+ `8*>-83,
E)B*53,*

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=EPSD[NUKPN HEW WEHIN[D MDKSDJ UE PDJ UEWDM JW XMJOJaHJUMNZ
KRQNUKPNZ ]JPHESD R NKLDXR, PJUN KR KE HDTINUDLN MD ]HJKSJHR =LNKPJO
+KSJPD SJPJX XI N XII IEPD. /DNXE, R SJ IHEXE, aHJUMN XNKNJMDHN, ]JTMDSN

142

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

]JW NXEMJX ,,L2-@3 3< K/8*(*5*, KIJUNX WJLDKPJX MD ]JWHRVUE .MDWJLNUE

N WELJIDbEX RSHLN KR ]RS MDKSDMPD XMJOJaHJUMNX WEHIN[PNX HEWJINXD,
XE_R PJUNXD KR aEPSD[NUE (Doja, 2006: 455). (KMNIDVEX HEWD, ]J LEOEMWN,
KXDSHD KE )DcN =EPSD[ (Hadji Bektash), ]J PJXE UE N KDX HEW WJaNJ NXE, N
]JHEW VNbEMN^E WD XMJOJaHJUMN WJPRXEMSN MEWIJKXNKLEMJ OJIJHE WD JM
MNUE KSIDHMN JKMNIDV IE\ TD[SNSMN KIESD^ HEWD, MD SJ XEKSJ ]JKSDIYEM
MDPJM KIJUE KXHSN (Doja, 2006: 455).
O KDXJX, ]J LEOEMWN JKMNIDVR HEWD N bEOJIJX `NIJSR, MD ]JVESPR
XJ`EXJ HE\N, ME ]JKSJUN XMJOJ NKSJHNUKPNZ ]JWDSDPD. 0D KNORHMJ[\R KE
XJ`E SIHWNSN WD UE HJ_EM R )JHDKDMR, JaLDKSN MD KEIEHJNKSJPR WDMD[bEO
+HDMD, R ]HIJU ]JLJINMN XIII IEPD N WD UE IE\N WEJ KIJO `NIJSD ]HJIEJ R
.MDWJLNUN. /DUHDMNUN ]NKDMN NTIJH R PJXE KE ]JXNbE )DcN =EPSD[ WDSNHD
NT 1295. OJWNME. 0DX KDWH`DU ]NKDMJO NTIJHD UDKMJ NX]LN^NHD VNbEMN^R
WD UE )DcN =EPSD[ R SJ IHEXE ID`NJ TD IEJXD RSN^DUMR JKJaR (Birge, 1937:
40). 1DPJ_E, KLEWE\D WID ]NKDMD NTIJHD, PJUD WDSNHDUR NT 1297. N 1306. OJWNME, KIJUNX KDWH`DUEX, ]JHEW OJHE MDIEWEME VNbEMN^E WD KE HDWN J [NHE
]JTMDSJU JKJaN, KROEHN[R N SJ WD UE )DcN =EPSD[ ]HEXNMRJ ]HE 1297. OJWNME.
0LEWE\N ID`DM ]NKDMN NTIJH PJUN OJIJHN J `NIJSR )DcN =EPSD[D
KIDPDPJ UE PbNOD ]EKDXD J gELDLRWNMR *RXNUR (Celaleddin Rumi), IELNPJX
KIE^R WEHIN[PJO HEWD C-2)-23,*.1 6bNOD UE ]NKDMD R ]EHNJWR NTXE_R 1318.
N 1358. OJWNME. % KDXJU PbNTN MDLDTN KE ]HNVD J )DcN =EPSD[R NT )JHDKDMD, PJUN UE ]HEWKSDIYEM PDJ XNKSNP ,,]HJKIE\EMJO KH^D DLN N PDJ JKJaD
,,PJUD KE MNUE JKESNLD ]JPJHMJX N KPHR[EMJX WD ]HDSN N ]J[SRUE TDPJME JW
]HJHJPD WDSE (Birge, 1937: 40). %UEWMJ, R NKSJU ]HNVN KE )DcN =EPSD[,
NTXE_R JKSDLJO, J]NKRUE N PDJ KLDIYEMN XNKSNP KD IELNPNX aHJUEX WEHIN[D PJUN OD ]HDSE.
;JHEW MDIEWEMNZ ]NKDMNZ NTIJHD, PJUN MDX JPINHMJ WDUR ]HNPDT
IHEXEMD R PJXE UE )DcN =EPSD[ `NIEJ, ID`MJ UE ]JXEMRSN PDPJ bEOJIN
KLEWaEMN^N SHDWN^NJMDLMJ INWE R]HDIJ IHEXE bEOJIJO `NIJSD. % SJX
KXNKLR XJ`EXJ MDIEKSN VESNHN HEVEMN^E R PJUNXD ]JUEWNMD HEV KDWH`N
MRXEHNVPR JTMDPR IETDMR TD ZHJMJLJONUR bEOJIJO `NIJSD, PJUD UE JKSDLD
J][SE]HNZID\EMD JW KSHDME bEOJINZ KLEWaEMNPD WJ WDMDK, N PDJ SDPID ME
PJHEK]JMWNHD R ]JS]RMJKSN KD OJHE MDIEWEMNX ]NKDMNX NTIJHNXD.
/D ]HIJX XEKSR UE HEVEMN^D ,,Hazreti Pirin veladeti miruvvet, PJUD KE
JWMJKN MD OJWNMR bEOJIJO HJ_EbD N R KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR TMDVN ,,F/M-5 ,-

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1

4EILEINUE NLN Mevlevi MD SRHKPJX UETNPR KR UEWDM JW KRQNUKPNZ WEHIN[PNZ

HEWJID. :aJO PDHDPSEHNKSNVMJO MDVNMD NTIJ_EbD KEXE MDTNIDUR KE UJ[ N ,,IHSE\N
WEHIN[N. (KMNIDVEX WEHIN[PJO HEWD KXDSHD KE 0RLSDM 2ELEW (1226-1312), KNM
gELDLRWNMD *RXNUD. dEMSDH WEHIN[PJO HEWD, PJOD VNMN XDRTJLEU N XRTEU, KE WDMDK
MDLDTN R 6JMUN (Konya) R ^EMSHDLMJU .MDWJLNUN R 1RHKPJU (VukomanoviB, 2008:
133).

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

143

9)*253 (2-6*@, 2-)34/0;>5/(6 0;>-. ;JKLEWbD HEV miruvvet2 JWMJKN KE

MD OJWNMR HJ_EbD, N R MRXEHNVPJX KXNKLR JTMDVDID 646. OJWNMR ]J
ZNcHESKPJX, JWMJKMJ 1248. OJWNMR ]J OHEOJHNUDMKPJX PDLEMWDHR. &HROD
HEVEMN^D UE ,,Horasandan Rm'a tecrif eder, reft, PJUD KE JWMJKN MD bEOJI
]HELDTDP NT )JHDKDMD R .MDWJLNUR N R KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR TMDVN
,,R0)*<-?3 3< K/8*(*5*, 0/>*/ ,-. ;JKLEWbD HEV reft JWMJKN KE MD OJWNMR
]HELDKPD, N R MRXEHNVPJX KXNKLR JTMDVDID 680. OJWNMR ]J ZNcHESKPJX,
JWMJKMJ 1281. OJWNMD ]J OHEOJHNUDMKPJX PDLEMWDHR. 1HE\D HEVEMN^D UE
,,Muddeti dmru Muhammad dir cemah, PJUD KE JWMJKN MD WR`NMR bEOJIJO
`NIJSD N R KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR TMDVN ,,Q;G35* G32/6* 1-9/2/9 ,- )-./6*
C;=*+-0/2*. % JIJX KLRVDUR, ME ]JKLEWbD, IE\ HEV Muhammad JTMDVDID
WR`NMR bEOJIJO `NIJSD, N R MRXEHNVPJX KXNKLR JTMDVDID WEIEWEKES WIE
OJWNME. 5ESIHSD HEVEMN^D UE ,,Bektaicye iarih asvabt rihlet, PJUD KE JWMJKN
MD OJWNMR bEOJIE KXHSN N R KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR TMDVN ,,:-46*>3,35 0*6;+
(+863, 3(63536. 6JW JIE HEVEMN^E, TD HDTLNPR JW ]HEWZJWME SHN MDIEWEME, R MRXEHNVPJX KXNKLR OJWNMD KE ]JUDIYRUE PJW WIE HEVN, N SJ R HEVN
Bektaicye N R HEVN asvabt rihlet, N R JaD KLRVDUD KE JWMJKN MD 738. OJWNMR ]J
ZNcHESKPJX, JWMJKMJ 1337. OJWNME ]J OHEOJHNUDMKPJX PDLEMWDHR (Birge,
1937: 34-35).
;JHEW MDIEWEMNZ HEVEMN^D, PJUE NLRKSHRUR ZHJMJLJONUR bEOJIJO
`NIJSD, ID`MJ UE ]JXEMRSN N ]HEWDbD PDPJ UE )DcN =EPSD[ WJaNJ NXE.3 ;J
]HEWDbR, bEOJI JSD^ UE aNJ 0EUNW 4RZDXEW (Sejjid Muhammed), ILDWDH
WH`DIE R )JHDKDMR N ]J HJ_EbR WDJ XR UE NXE =EPSD[ (Bektash), [SJ R
]HEIJWR TMDVN ,,UEWMDP ]HNM^R. &HRON WEJ NXEMD IETDM UE TD bEOJIJO RVNSEYD PJUN KE, ]J ]HEWDbR, TIDJ 3JPXDM ;HEMWE (Lokman Perende). /DNXE,
RVNSEY UE, ]HNLNPJX KIJO aJHDIPD R 4EPN, NXDJ INTNUR =EPSD[D PDPJ
PLDbD, N JW SDWD OD UE KDX ]HJTIDJ )DcN (Hadji) (Birge, 1937: 36).
0 WHROE KSHDME, N ]NKDMN NTIJHN N RKXEMD ]HEWDbD )DcN =EPSD[D
J]NKRUR PDJ LRSDUR\EO WEHIN[D, DKPESR N IEHRUR\EO XNKSNPD. %UEWMJ, ]JUEWNMN ]NKDMN NTIJHN OD INWE N PDJ KPHJXMJO VJIEPD PJUN MNUE `ELEJ WD
JKMNID MNPDPDI HEW, PDJ MN WD NXD RVEMNPE SJPJX KIJO `NIJSD. 1DPJ_E, PDJ
N VJIEPD MEKIEKMJO KJ]KSIEMJO RSN^DUD PJUN NXD MD KLEWaEMNPD (Doja, 2006:
89). %]HPJK MDIEWEMJX, ]HIN bEOJIN KLEWaEMN^N MDTNIDLN KR KE .aWDLN
WJP KR bEOD MDTNIDLN ,,Pir, JWMJKMJ IJ_D DMDWJLNUKPNZ .aWDLD (Doja,
2006: 423, Osmani, 2012: 110).
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2

*EV KDWH`N KLJID DHD]KPJO DLQDaESD, JW PJUNZ KIDPJ ]HEWKSDIYD JWHE_EMN aHJU.
:aNH aHJUEID ]HEWKSDIYD OJWNMR, PJUR KDX KDWH`DU HEVEMN^E IETRUE TD JWHE_EMN
WJOD_DU. +KSJ KE JWMJKN N MD JKSDLE NTWIJUEME HEVN R MDKSDIPR SEPKSD. &ESDYMNUE
INWN R Birge, 1937: 34-35.
3
0IDPDPJ WD ]JKSJUE IN[E IEHTNUD ]HNVE PDPJ UE )DcN =EPSD[ WJaNJ NXE. ;JHEW
MDIEWEME R SEPKSR, ]JXEMR\EXJ N SRXDVEbE PJUE NTMJKN DRSJH Seyed Asghari, D
]HEXD PJUJU MD SRHKPJX UETNPR bek TMDVN OJK]JWDH, WJP tash ]HEWKSDIYD KSEMR
(Asghari, 2008: 3-4).

144

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

+ ]JHEW VNbEMN^E WD KE PJX]LEPKMD NKSJHNUD MDKSDMPD N HDTIJUD

KDXJO HEWD ME XJ`E, TaJO JKPRWMJKSN NKSJHNUKPNZ ]JWDSDPD, KDOLEWDSN R
]JS]RMJKSN, XJ`E KE HE\N WD UE, ]JHEW )DcN =EPSD[D, LEOEMWDHMJO JKMNIDVD, IELNPN WJ]HNMJK HDTIJUR HEWD R JHODMNTD^NJMJX KXNKLR WDJ WEHIN[
=DLNX 0RLSDM (Doja, 2006: 457-458). /DNXE, =DLNX 0RLSDM UE SJPJX 1501.
OJWNME ]JKSDJ IJ_D HEWD, VNUE KE KEWN[SE SDWD MDLDTNLJ R XEKSR )DcN
=EPSD[ 6JUR R .MDWJLNUN. 1DVMNUE, JM UE KNKSEXDSNTJIDJ KID RVEbD N QJHXNHDJ TDUEWMNVPN NWEDL JLNVEM R )DcN =EPSD[R N KSDMWDHWNTJIDJ JKMJIME
HNSRDLE N KNXaJLNTDX RVEbD. ( KDXJU ID`MJKSN WELJIDbD N RPR]MJO RSN^DUD MD QJHXNHDbE HEWD XJ`WD MDUaJYE OJIJHN VNbEMN^D WD =DLNX 0RLSDM
MJKN SNSRLR ,,Pir-i sani SU. WHRON KIESD^ TD[SNSMNP (Birge, 1937: 34-35).
!
E/V5VY3/ 0V3N$('/ ( 6/$V6&]&
!
;JKXDSHDUR\N `NIJSMN ]RS N IHEXE R PJXE UE `NIEJ LEOEMWDHMN
JKMNIDV HEWD KLJaJWMJ XJ`EXJ HE\N WD KE aEPSD[NTDX PDJ IEHKPJ RVEbE
RJaLNVDID SJPJX XIII N XIV IEPD, PDJ KIJUEIHKMD PJXaNMD^NUD [DXDMNTXD,
MDKLE_EMJO JW SRHPXEMKPNZ ]LEXEMD NT )JHDKDMD, N HDTMNZ IEHJIDbD N
]HDPKN ]HNKRSMNZ PJW ]J]RLD^NUE PJUD UE MDKSDbNIDLD HRHDLME WELJIE
.MDWJLNUE. 0IE SJ WJ]HNME\E SJXE WD aEPSD[NTDX R ]JVESPR KIJO HDTIJUD
MNUE NXDJ KIJUR R ]JS]RMJKSN WEQNMNKDMR SEJLJONUR, ]D UE KDXNX SNX aNJ
]HNUEXVNI TD HDTME LJPDLME RSN^DUE, [SJ \E R PHDUbJU LNMNUN WJIEKSN WJ
SJOD WD bEOJI QRMWDXEMSDLMN PDHDPSEH aRWE JLNVEM R KIEJaRZIDSMJX
KNMPHESNTXR (Melikoff, 1992; Popovic and Veinstein 1995, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD
Doja, 2006: 456).
;JVESPJX XVI IEPD aEPSD[NTDX ]JVNbE WD ]J]HNXD N [NSKPJDLEINSKPN PDHDPSEH.4 1J \E IHEXEMJX WJIEKSN WJ SJOD WD KE R ]JS]RMJKSN
WESEHXNMN[E PDJ IEHKPJ RVEbE PJUE PJXaNMRUE WJPSHNME [NNTXD N DLEINSNTXD, JLNVEME PHJT HDTME ELEXEMSE KRQNTXD, ]JXE[DMNZ KD ELEXEMSNXD N
JaNVDUNXD PJUN ]JSNVR NT ZHN[\DMKSID, aRWNTXD, MEJ]LDSJMNTXD N ]HDKSDHE 1RHKPE PRLSRHE (Doja, 2006: 455). %UEWMJ, TaJO KIJO PDHDPSEHD JLNVEMJO
R KIEJaRZIDSMJX KNMPHESNTXR, aEPSD[NTDX UE IHEXEMJX RKIJUNJ N QNLJTJQNUR ZRHRQNTXD, JWMJKMJ JWHE_EMR PDaDLNKSNVPR WJPSHNMR PJUD KE JOLEWD
R KNXaJLNVPJX TMDVEbR aHJUEID N HEVN (Melikoff, 1992; Popovic and
Veinstein 1995, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Doja, 2006: 456), [SJ KE RJKSDLJX N XJOLJ
UDKMJ INWESN PJW KDOLEWDIDbD VESNHN HEVEMN^E PJUE ]HDSE ZHJMJLJONUR
`NIJSD LEOEMWDHMJO JKMNIDVD.
6DWD UE R ]NSDbR aLN`E KDOLEWDIDbE SEJLJ[PE WJPSHNME aEPSD[NTXD, MD ]HIJX XEKSR XJ`EXJ NTWIJUNSN WJPSHNMR XRH[NWD. /DNXE, R
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4

( WHR[SIEMJ ]JLNSNVPNX JPJLMJKSNXD PJUE KR MD MEPN MDVNM WJIELE WJ SJOD WD

aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW RKIJUN [NNSKPJ-DLEINSKPN PDHDSPSEH N WD KJ]KSIEMJ
RVEbE WESEHXNMN[E PHJT SR ]HNTXR WESDYMNUE INWN R Doja, 2006: 431- 440.

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

145

aEPSD[NTXR XRH[NW ]HEWKSDIYD KIE[SEMJ LN^E HEWD PJUE R NKSJ IHEXE

]HEWKSDIYD N WRZJIMJO IJ_R NLN XEWNUDSJHD NTXE_R IEHMNPD N =JOD. %
ZNUEHDHZNUKPJX KXNKLR ]JTN^NJMNHDM UE MD IN[EX MNIJR K]JTMDUE R JWMJKR
MD IEHMNPD, DLN UE NKSJIHEXEMJ N UDKMJ MDOLD[EM bEOJI NMQEHNJHDM ]JLJ`DU R JWMJKR MD =JOD (Doja, 2006: 91). &HRPVNUE HEVEMJ, XRH[NW ,,]HEWKSDIYD ]RS PJUNX RVEMNP WJKSN`E =JOD5 (Doja, 2006: 91).
0LEWE\D ID`MD SEJLJ[PD WJPSHNMD aEPSD[NUKPJO RVEbD JOLEWD KE R
WJPSHNMN ,,7-6383 4*.3,- NLN ,,Dort kapi. (ID WJPSHNMD R NKSJ IHEXE MDUaJYE JKLNPDID KRQNUKPE ELEXEMSE aEPSD[NTXD N JOLEWD KE PHJT KDOLEWDIDbE JWMJKD NTXE_R VESNHN ELEXEMSD NKLDXD, JWMJKMJ [EHNUDS, SDHNPDS,
ZDPNPD N XDHNQES. ,EHNUDS ("ardea) ]HEWKSDIYD NTIJHMN NKLDXKPN TDPJM,
SDHNPDS (tarikat) ]HEWKSDIYD ]RS NLN ,,]LDM N ]HJOHDX, SE XESJWR N HE`NX
MEPJO KRQNUKPJO HEWD (Had@ibajriB, 1990, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD VukomanoviB,
2008: 130), ZDPNPD (haqqa) ]HEWKSDIYD NKSNMR NLN ,,ME]JKHEWMJ NKPRKSIJ
KR[SNME KSIDHMJKSN (Birge, 1937: 102) N XDHNQES (maarifat) ]HEWKSDIYD
,,XNKSNVMR K]JTMDUR =JOD (Birge, 1937: 102) NLN ,,NKSNMKPR K]JTMDUR
0SIDHMJKSN PJUD KE HESPJ WJKSN`E N IN[E K]DWD R ]RS ;JKLDMNPD, ]HJHJPD
N XRWHD^D (VukomanoviB, 2008: 130).
4ESDQJHNVPN HEVEMJ,6 JWMJK NTXE_R ]HID SHN ELEXEMSD KE XJ`E
J]NKDSN PDJ WD UE [EHNUDS LD_D, SDHNPDS PJX]DK, WJP UE ZDPNPD aNKEH MD WMR
XJHD TD PJUNX KE SHDOD, OWE KE MD KIE SJ MDWJIETRUE XDHNQES PDJ ^ELJPR]MD
K]JTMDUD (VukomanoviB, 2008: 130). ;HEXD aEPSD[NUKPJX RVEbR =JO UE
,,7-6383 4*.3,- ]HIJ JSPHNJ .WDXR ]HEPJ .M_ELD 8DIHNLD. %UEWMJ UE N
4RZDXEW RVNJ IEHMNPE OJIJHE\N NX ,,:DPJM, [EHNUDS, KR XJUE HEVN. ;RS,
SDHNPDS, KR XJUD WELD. :MDbE, XDHNQES, UE XJU ODTWD. +KSNMD NLN KSIDHMJKS,
ZDPNPD, UE XJUE WRZJIMJ KSDbE (Birge, 1937: 102).
/DHEWME SHN SEJLJ[PE WJPSHNME aEPSD[NUKPJO RVEbD R MDUaJYJU
XEHN JKLNPDIDUR [NNSKPJ-DLEINKSKPN PDHDPSEH KDXJO RVEbD. /DNXE, JME KE
JOLEWDUR PHJT ]J[SJIDbE SHJUKSID, WIDMDEKS NXDXD N VESHMDEKS MEINMNZ.
6JM^E]S SHJUKSID JLNVEM UE PHJT ]J[SJIDbE =JOD, 4RZDXEWD N .LNUD. 0DX
PJM^E]S SHJUKSID XJ`WD MDUaJYE J]NKRUE HEVEMN^D ,,=JO, 4RZDXEW N .LN
KR UEWMD SDUMD (Birge, 1937: 132), WJP KE JWMJK NTXE_R 4RZDXEWD N .LNUD
XJ`WD MDUKLNPJINSNUE XJ`E ]HNPDTDSN HEVEMN^JX ,,4RZDXEW UE OHDW
TMDbD, D .LN RLDT R OHDW (Birge, 1937: 132).
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5

;HEXD aEPSD[NUKPJX RVEbR ,,KIDPN VJIEP ]HEWKSDIYD cDXNUR, KIDPJ YRWKPJ LN^E
UE LN^E KDIH[EMKSID (vechi Pamil) bEOJIJO WRZJIMJO IJ_E NLN XRH[NWD (Birge,
1937, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Doja, 2006: 91).
6
;HEXD JaUD[bEbR UEWMJO XRH[NWD MD ]HNXEHR [E\EHD, [EHNUDS ]HEWKSDIYD
PD]NUR TMDbD PJUN MDX ]JPDTRUE [SD UE RNKSNMR [E\EH N VEXR KLR`N, SDHNPDS MDX
]JPDTRUE PDPJ KE [E\EH ]HDPSNVMJ PJHNKSN N PDPJ KE bNXE HRPRUE, XDHNQES MDX
]JPDTRUE ]HDIN RPRK [E\EHD N KIR bEOJIR KLDKS, WJP ZDPNPD ]HEWKSDIYD K]JTMDUR N
]JNKSJIE\EbE KD KDXNX [E\EHJX (Birge, 1937: 102).

146

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

0 WHROE KSHDME, KZJWMJ N KJ]KSIEMJX RPR]MJX [NNSKPJ-DLEINSKPJX

PDHDPSEHR, aEPSD[NUE .LNUD INWE PDJ UEWNMJO LEONSNXMJO MDKLEWMNPD
4RZDXEWD (Zeidan, 1999: 79). 1DPJ_E, KLJaJWMJ KE XJ`E HE\N WD UE .LN, PDJ
QNORHD PJUD JLNVDID IELNPJO HDSMNPD, RVNSEYD N KIE^D, PJW aEPSD[NUD
]HEWKSDIYEM R PJLJKDLMNX WNXEMTNUDXD7 (Birge, 1937: 135, Doja, 2006:
498). =LN`E HEVEMJ, 4RZDXEW N .LN KE ]JKXDSHDUR PDJ EXDMD^NUE aJ`DMKPE
KIESLJKSN, ]HN VEXR 4RZDXEW ]HEWKSDIYD JaUDIYNIDVD =J`NUE HEVN, WJP
.LN ]HEWKSDIYD VRIDHD WRaNMKPE =J`NUE NKSNME.8 6DJ SDPIN KE K]DUDUR R
UEWNMKSIEMR aJ`DMKPR QNORHR, R PJUJU UE .LN MD MEPN MDVNM ]JTN^NJMNHDM
NTMDW 4RZDXEWD PDJ PD]NUD PD ETJSEHNVMJU, JWMJKMJ WRaNMKPJU K]JTMDUN
=J`NUE HEVN (Zeidan, 1999: 79).
;J[SJIDbE WIDMDEKS NXDXD9 N VESHMDEKS MEINMNZ ]HEWKSDIYD
KLDIYEbE KINZ NXDXD ]JVEI JW .LNUD WJ WIDMDEKSJO KPHNIEMJO NXDXD
4RZDXEWD DL 4DZWNUD,10 XDLJO KNMD UEWDMDEKSJO NXDXD )DKDMD DL .KPDHND
(TanaskoviB, 2010: 204), N KD WHROE KSHDME KLDIYEbE VESHMDEKS WE^E NXDXD
PJUD KR PDJ XDLD XRVEMD, JW PJUNZ UE MEPJLN^NMD N RaNUEMD JW KSHDME
KRMNSKPNZ XRKLNXDMD (Birge, 1937: 147).
0LEWE\R, UDPJ ID`MR, WJPSHNMR aEPSD[NUKPJO RVEbD ]HEWKSDIYD
QNLJTJQNUD ZRHRQNTXD. )RHRQNTDX ]HEWKSDIYD XNKSNVMN N QNLJTJQKPN
]JPHES PJUN UE MDKSDJ R +HDMR SJPJX XIV IEPD.11 9NLJTJQNUD ZRHRQNTXD KE
JOLEWD R KDOLEWDIDbR =JOD N RKSHJUKSID RMNIEHTRXD ]RSEX KLJID. 6DJ [SJ
KR aJUE N JaLN^N MEHDTWIJUMN JW JaUEPSD, SDPJ KR N DSHNaRSN =JOD MEHDTWIJUMN JW LNVMJKSN. % SJX KXNKLR KE RK]JKSDIYD NWEMSNSES =JOD N bEOJINZ DSHNaRSD MD MDVNM WD HEV (kelam) ]HEWKSDIYD aJ`DMKPN DSHNaRS, WJP KE
KLJID, PJUD QJHXNHDUR HEV, KXDSHDUR NWEMSNVMNX KD =JOJX. 9NLJTJQNUD
ZRHRQNTXD NXD TD ^NY WJLDTDP WJ aJ`DMKPE PJMSEX]LD^NUE PJHN[\EbEX
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7

0SNZJIN UEWME ]EKXE ]JNKSJIE\RUR )DcN =EPSD[D N .LNUD, D JMN OLDKE:,,(MDU PJUN
UE KEWEJ MD ]RSR PDJ LDI. (MDU PJUN UE NK^E_EM KJP JW OHJ`_D. (MDU PJUN ]JMEKE KJ]KSIEMR KDZHDMR. 8JK]JWDH )DcN =EPSD[ UE .LN KDX. (Birge, 1937: 135).
8
6HJT ^ELJPR]MR WJPSHNMR SHJUKSID, ]D KDXNX SNX N JaJ`DIDbD NXDXD .LNUD,
aEPSD[NTDX UE ROHDWNJ WID JKMJIMD ]HNM^N]D, KIJUKSIEMD KINX [NNSKPNX JOHDM^NXD, D SJ KR Tevelld NLN YRaDI ]HEXD KINXD PJUN ]J[SRUR .LNUD N VLDMJIE ;JKLDMNPJIE PR\E, N Teherra NLN XH`bD ]HEXD KINXD PJUN ME ODUE ]J[SJIDbE N YRaDI
]HEXD bNXD (Birge, 1937: 140).
9
&IDMDEKS NXDXD, NTXE_R JKSDLJO, ]HEXD aEPSD[NUKPJX IEHJIDbR KNXaJLNTRUR N
NTLEVEbE WR[E JW WIDMDEKS TDLD, D SJ KR: 1DXD, :DaJHDIMJKS, 8HEZ, /EJWJYNI RPRK,
=ETMDWE`MJKS, 3E]D JWE\D, (aJ`DIDbE `NIJSNbD, .HJODM^NUD, fEYD TD JKIESJX,
/EKSH]YEbE, 1ROD TaJO MERK]EZD N :DaJHDIMJKS =JOD (Asghari, 2008: 7).
10
0IESJIMD NXEMD WIDMDEKS NXDXD KR: 1. Ali ibn Abu Talib, 2. Hasan ibn Ali, 3.
Husayn ibn Ali, 4. Ali ibn Husayn, 5. Muhammad ibn Ali, 6. Ja'far ibn Muhammad, 7.
Musa ibn Ja'far, 8. Ali ibn Musa, 9. Muhammad ibn Ali, 10. Ali ibn Muhammad, 11.
Hasan ibn Ali, 12. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan.
11
OKMNIDVEX ZRHRQNTXD KXDSHD KE NHDMKPN XNKSNP 9DWNL .KSHDaDWN (Fadl Allah
Astarabadi) (1340-1394) (Asghari, 2008: 8).

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

147

KLJID N KSDIYDbEX VJIEPD R ^EMSDH DMDLNTE. %UEWMJ, XJLNSIE, ZJWJVD[\D N

VDP SRXDVEbE 6RHDMD KE IH[N ]JKHEWKSIJX ]HNPDTNIDbD ]DHDLELE NTXE_R
WIDWEKESJKDX N SHNWEKES WID KLJID12 (Usluer and Yildiz, 2010: 268-269).
*EVEMN^D ,,eline, beline, diline sahip ol NLN R KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR
,,aRWN OJK]JWDH KIJUE HRPE, KIJO `NIJSD, N KIJO UETNPD, R MDUaJYJU XEHN
J]NKRUE KPR] ESNVPNZ IHEWMJKSN aEPSD[NUKPJO RVEbD. $DKMJ NTHD`EM RSN^DU ZHN[\DMKSID MD RJaLNVDIDbE aEPSD[NTXD ]HEWKSDIYD N ]J[SJIDbE
KIESD^D. /DNXE, KIESD^ ]HEXD aEPSD[NUKPJX RVEbR ]HEWKSDIYD ]HNXEH
KDIH[EMJO VJIEPD, PJUN UE KIJUNX MDVNMJX `NIJSD N INKJPNX KSE]EMJX
]JaJ`MJKSN KE R MDUIE\JU XJOR\JU XEHN ]HNaLN`NJ =JOR, N ]HNXEH VEXR
SHEaD SE`NSN (Kaya, 2013: 4, Doja, 2006: 492). 0IDPDPJ, TD aEPSD[NUE
MDU]J[SJIDMNUN N MDURTIN[EMNUN KIESD^ UE )DcN =EPSD[ 2ELN.
6DJ PHDUbN HETRLSDS PJXaNMJIDbD KINZ MDIEWEMNZ SEJLJ[PNZ
WJPSHNMD, ]HEXD IE\NMN DRSJHD, aEPSD[NTDX KE RJaLNVNJ PDJ RVEbE PJUE,
KD WDMD[bE SDVPE OLEWN[SD, ]JWH`DID IHEWMJKSN ^NINLMJO WHR[SID,
JWMJKMJ TDLD`E KE TD UEWMDPJKS NTXE_R `EMD N XR[PDHD^D, JWIJUEMJKS
^HPIE N WH`DIE, XJWEHMJ RMNIEHTNSESKPJ JaHDTJIDbE N KRTaNUDbE HDWNPDLMJO NKLDXD (Asghari, 2008: 6, Leaman and Nasr, 2001, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD
Lyratzaki, 2012: 99).
?(4/$&$\(4&, $(N2&5( ( [$&3Z&
1HDWN^NJMDLMD XEKSD JPR]YDbD aEPSD[NUD, PDJ RJKSDLJX N
JKSDLNZ WEHIN[PNZ HEWJID, ]HEWKSDIYDUR SEPNUE.13 % NTIJHMJX TMDVEbR,
SEPNUD ]HEWKSDIYD ,,XEKSJ NLN KSIDH MD PJUR KE MEPJ JKLDbD, OWE KE
JWXDHD. 0SJOD, SEPNUE ]HEWKSDIYDUR ]JKEaME OHD_EINME NLN ^EMSHE
MDXEbEME `NIJSR WEHIN[D R TDUEWMN^N. ;JWNTDME KR JaNVMJ R JPINHR
PJX]LEPKD OHD_EINMD PJUE KDWH`E ]HJKSJH TD XJLNSIR (cDXNUD), TD ]JWRVDIDbE (XEWHEKD), KSDMJIDbE (PR\D, HNaDS), KE\DbE MD XHSIE (SRHaE, XDRTJLEU), JWXJH TD OJKSE (XRKDQNHZDMD), PDJ N UDIMD WJaHJSIJHMD PRZNbD TD
KNHJXDZE N ]RSMNPE (NXDHES) (VukomanoviB, 2008: 135, Osmani, 2012: 111).
)NUEHDZNUKPD KSHRPSRHD aEPSD[NUEKPE TDUEWMN^E KDWH`N MEPJLNPJ
HDTLNVNSNZ KSR]bEID. /D ]HIJX N MDUMN`EX KSE]EMR ZNUEHDHZNUE MDLDTE KE
*>34, JWMJKMJ WEJ ]J]RLD^NUE ]JW PJUNX KE KXDSHDUR KNX]DSNTEHN RVEbD N
PJUN XJOR, MEPDWD R aRWR\MJKSN ]JKSDSN TIDMNVMN VLDMJIN HEWD. &HRON
KSE]EM ]HEWKSDIYD WEJ ]J]RLD^NUE ]JW NXEMJX +;=3B. 8LDIMD PDHDPSEHNKSNPD MDIEWEMJO KSE]EMD, RUEWMJ N JKMJIMD HDTLNPD R JWMJKR MD ]HES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12

&IDWEKESJKDX KLJID VNME ]EHKNUKPN DLQDaES, WJP SHNWEKESWID KLJID VNME

DHD]KPN DLQDaES. ;EHKNUKPN DLQDaES KE RTNXD ]J[SJ QNLJTJQNUD ZRHRQNTXD
WJLDTN NT +HDMD, ]HJKSJHD MEPDWD[bEO ]EHKNUKPJO ^DHKSID, WJP KE DHD]KPN DLQDaES RTNXD NT HDTLJOD [SJ UE 6RHDM MD]NKDM bNXE (Usluer and Yildiz, 2010: 269).
13
1EPNUD, MD SRHKPJX UETNPR tekiyye, NLN MD DHD]KPJX UETNPR zwiya.

148

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

ZJWMN,14 UEKSE [SJ KR ]HN]DWMN^N JIJO KSE]EMD ]HJ[LN HNSRDL NMN^NUD^NUE

N XJOR ]HNKRKSIJIDSN IEHKPNX JaHEWNXD (Birge, 1937: 162-163, Zeginis,
2001, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Lyratzaki, 2012: 99, VukomanoviB: 2008: 135).
1HE\N KSE]EM ]HEWKSDIYDUR WEHIN[N,15 JWMJKMJ JKJaE PJUE KR KE R
]JS]RMJKSN ]JKIESNLE HELNONJTMJX `NIJSR. +TMDW WEHIN[D MDLDTN KE WEJ
]J]RLD^NUE ]JW NXEMJX B*B*.16 /DNXE, MDPJM ]JKEaME NMN^NUD^NUE WEHIN[
aNID ]HNTMDS, R ZNUEHDHZNUKPJX KXNKLR, TD IEHKPJO ]JOLDIDHD, ]JKSDUE
MDVELMNP SEPNUE N aNID WR`DM WD KE KSDHD J IEHKPNX ]JSHEaDXD, DLN N WD
IJWN HDVRMD J `NIJSMNX ]HJaLEXNXD KIJUNZ IEHMNPD (Birge, 1937: 165,
Doja, 2006: 487, Zeginis, 2001, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Lyratzaki, 2012: 99). + MD
PHDUR, MD KDXJX IHZR TDUEWMN^E, MDLDTN KE 0-0-, JWMJKMJ LNWEH ^ELJPR]ME
TDUEWMN^e ,,Grand-dede. &HRONX HEVNXD, 0-0- ]HEWKSDIYDUR MDUIN[N
KSE]EM, R ZNUEHDHZNUKPJX KXNKLR, N PJXE ]JLD`R JWOJIJHMJKS KIN,
]HESZJWMJ MDIEWEMN ]JSVNbEMN KSE]EMJIN, WJP JMN KDXN KR ]JSVNbEMN
IHZJIMJX IEHKPJX ]JOLDIDHR ^ELJPR]ME aEPSD[NUKPE TDUEWMN^E PJUN MJKN
SNSRLR ,,Grand-dede17 (Doja, 2006: 487).
6DWD KR R ]NSDbR HNSRDLN, KZJWMJ KIJX [NNSKPJ-DLEINSKPJX PDHDPSEHR, aEPSD[NUE ME ]HDPSNPRUR PDMJMKPE HNSRDLE. 1DVMNUE, ME ]HDPSNPRUR MDXDT, JWMJKMJ ]HDINLJ PJUE MDLD`E XJLNSIR ]ES ]RSD SJPJX WDMD R
JWHE_EMJ IHEXE, ME ]JWIHODIDUR KE ]JKSR SJPJX *DXDTDMD, N ME IEHRUR R
MEJ]ZJWMJKS ZJWJVD[\D R 4EPR (Doja, 2006: 467, Kaya, 2013: 4). %XEKSJ
SJOD, ]HDPSNPRUR URSDHbR N IEVEHbR XJLNSIR, KIJUE HNSRDLE R]HD`bDIDUR R
SEPNUDXD, D ME R cDXNUDXD. dEMSHDLMJ XEKSJ R KIDPJWMEIMJX `NIJSR
TDRTNXD HNSRDL ,,Eyn-i cem,18 SJPJX PJUEO KE KLDIN LEOEMWDHMJ 4RZDXEWJIJ ]RSJIDbE MD MEaJ, PJXaNMJIDMJ KD KE\DbEX MD ]DSbR WIDMDEKS
NXDXD, KD .LNUEX MD VELR (Zeidan, 1999: 80, Kaya, 2013: 4). 0DKSDIMN WEJ
IEHKPNZ HNSRDLD KR, NTXE_R JKSDLJO, SDPJ_E N KEXD N TNPH (Doja, 2006: 467,
Zeidan, 1999: 80).
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
14

% KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR TMDVEbE HEVN, PJUE NXEMRUR JaD MDIEWEMD KSE]EMD, ME

HDTLNPRUR KE XMJOJ. /DNXE, JaE HEVN TMDVE ,,(MDU PJUN IJLN NLN ,,/E`DM ]HNUDSEY (Birge, 1937: 162-163).
15
0DXD TDUEWMN^D HDLNPRUE WIE IHKSE WEHIN[D. 0 UEWME KSHDME KR WEHIN[N PJUN KE
MNKR ]JWIHOLN ^ELNaDSR, N KD WHROE KSHDME, KR WEHIN[N PJUN KR R ^ELNaDSR, N JMN
KE MDTNIDUR UJ[ N mucenet ayim (Birge, 1937: 164).
16
% KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR HEV aDaD TMDVN ,,JSD^ (Doja, 2006: 487).
17
% KLJaJWMJX ]HEIJWR HEV WEWE TMDVN ,,WEWJIN, WJP Grand-dede ]HEWKSDIYD
,,]HDWEWR. +MDVE, ]JHEW WIE MDIEWEME HEVN PJUE KR SRHKPJO ]JHEPLD, aEPSD[NUKPD
TDUEWMN^D TD NXEMJIDbE NKSNZ KSE]EME WRZJIME ZNUEHDHZNUE PJHNKSN N WIE HEVN
DLaDMKPJO ]JHEPLD, D SJ KR gjysh N kryegjysh. 1DPJ_E, NMKSNSR^NUD IHZJIMJO
IEHKPJO ]JOLDIDHD UE ]JTMDSD N ]JW NXEMJX ZDLNQD, PJUD NXD NWEMSNVMJ TMDVEbE
(Doja, 2006: 487, Osmani, 2012: 111).
18
,,.yn-i cem RUEWMJ ]HEWKSDIYD N HNSRDL NMN^NUD^NUE IEHMNPD R WEHIN[PN HEW,
WESDYMNUE INWN R Birge, 1937: 175- 201.

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

149

0EXD ]HEWKSDIYD HNSRDLMJ KLR[DbE XRTNPE N ]LEK SJPJX PJOD KE

WEHIN[N IHSE R PHRO, JaHMRSJ JW KXEHD PDTDYPE MD KDSR, ]HN VEXR WEKMD
MJOD RIEP NWE ]HEPJ LEIE. 0IN WEHIN[N KE JPHE\R NKSJIHEXEMJ, N JPJ KDLE
N JPJ KJ]KSIEME JKE, KNXaJLN[R\N SDPJ ]LDMESE PJUE KE JPHE\R JPJ KRM^D.
*NSRDL SHDUE JPJ UEWMJO KDSD, N ]JWEYEM UE MD VESNHN RTDKSJ]MD WELD KD
WEKESJXNMRSMNX ]LEKJX NTXE_R PJOD KE KINHD, ]EID N HE^NSRUR WELJIN NT
6RHDMD (VukomanoviB: 2008: 136-137).
:NPH ]HEWKSDIYD HNSRDL R PJXE KE HE^NSRUR WELJIN 6RHDMD, JWMJKMJ ]JMDIYDbE =J`NUNZ NXEMD N DSHNaRSD, PJUNZ R 6RHDMR NXD WEIEWEKES
WEIES, PDJ N bEOJINZ MDHEWaN N TDaHDMD, RT NKSJIHEXEMJ ]JWKSN^DbE WD KE
JME NTIH[DIDUR. =LN`E HEVEMJ, TNPH ]HEWKSDIYD, K UEWME KSHDME, ]JSIHWR
aJ`DMKPE SHDMK^EWEM^NUE N RMNPDSMJKSN, IELNVNME N MER]JHEWNIJKSN, WJP,
K WHROE KSHDME, R KIJX ]HDPSNVMJX NTIJ_EbR KNXaJLNVPN JTMDVDID N
JWIDUDbE WR[E JW SELD, PJUE KE ]JKSN`E ]JXJ\R PJMSHJLNKDMJO SHDMKD19
(VukomanoviB: 2008: 135-136).
;JHEW MDIEWEMNZ JaHEWD, MDUID`MNUN KIESN WDMN TD IEHKPN `NIJS
aEPSD[NUD KR /EIHRT (Nevruz), )NWHNLET (Hidirellez) N XEKE^ XRZDHEX
(Zeidan, 1999: 80). /EIHRT R KIJUJU KR[SNMN ]HEWKSDIYD JaELE`DIDbE MJIE
OJWNME ]J ]EHKNUKPJX PDLEMWDHR, XE_RSNX aEPSD[NUE SDU WDM KLDIE PDJ WDM
HJ_EbD NXDXD .LNUD N ]HDTMRUR OD KIDPJO WIDWEKES WHROJO XDHSD. )NWHNLET
20
KE KLDIN PDJ WDM PJUNX KE JaELE`DID WJLDTDP ]HJLE\D, N KLDIN KE KIDPJO
[EKSJO XDUD (Zeidan, 1999: 80). 4EKE^ XRZDHEX ]HEWKSDIYD ]HDTMJIDbE N
KE\DbE MD NXDXD )RKENMD N XRVEMNPE 6EHaELE (Asghari, 2008: 8), J VEXR \E
WDYE IN[E aNSN HEVN. 0DKSDIMN WEJ ]HDTMJIDbD ]HEWKSDIYD ]JKS, JWMJKMJ
RTWH`DIDbE PJHN[\EbD ZHDME, ]JKEaMJ XEKD, PDJ N IJWE TD IHEXE SHDUDbD
JaWDMN^E SJPJX ]HINZ WIDMDEKS WDMD XEKE^D. 6HDU ]JKSD KE JaELE`DID
K]HEXDbEX KR]E KLDSPJO RPRKD ]JW MDTNIJX D[RHD (Zeidan, 1999: 80). 1JX
]HNLNPJX, JKNX [SJ KE D[RHD WELN VLDMJINXD aEPSD[NUKPE TDUEWMN^E, JMD
KE WELN N KRKEWNXD N KNHJXD[MNXD.
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
19

:NPH KE XJ`E PLDKNQNPJIDSN MD KLEWE\E IHKSE NLN SN]JIE: 1. KEWE\N (MD

PJLEMNXD), 2. KSJUE\N (WEIHDM, PNUDX), 3. PJXaNMD^NUD KEWEbD N KSDUDbD, 4. ]LEK.
;JHEW SJOD ]JKSJUE UJ[ N OLDKMN (cEZHN) N aETOLDKMN (ZDQN) N TNPH KH^D (PDLaN)
(VukomanoviB: 2008: 135-136).
20
0DX ]HDTMNP KE R NKLDXKPJU SHDWN^NUN KLDIN N PDJ WDM PDWD KR KE KHELN ]HJHJP
)NWHNT N ]HJHJP +LNUD. (aD ]HJHJPD ]HEXD IEHJIDbR KR WJKSNOLD MDUIN[N KSE]EM
aJ`DMKPE K]JTMDUE. 1DPJ_E, ]HJHJP +LNUD R ZHN[\DMKPJU SHDWN^NUN KE KLDIN PDJ
KIESD^, ]JW NXEMJX KI. +LNUD, R MDHJWR ]JTMDS N PDJ +LNUD 8HJXJIMNP. 0DX
]HDTMNP R ZHN[\DMKPJU SHDWN^NUN KE MD NKSN WDM KLDIN PDJ ]HDTMNP ]JKIE\EM KI.
kJH_R, MD ]HJKSJHNXD =DLPDMD R MDHJWR ]JTMDS ]JW NXEMJX kRH_EIWDM.

150

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

B($/]/ ( [V5(N(M3& ('ZN$2)/'N&5(K&X(4&
'& [$VZNV$2 S&[&0'VW ^&53&'&

% KIESLR PJLJMNTD^NUE N NKLDXNTD^NUE TEXDYD JKIJUEMNZ [NHEbEX

JSJXDMKPE NX]EHNUE aEPSD[NTDX NTHDKSD N ]JTN^NJMNHD KE PDJ UEWDM JW
MDURSN^DUMNUNZ WEHIN[PNZ HEWJID SJPJX XVII N XVIII IEPD. &HRONX
HEVNXD, IHEXEMJX KE HEW LRSDUR\NZ WEHIN[D SHDMKQJHXN[E R HEW PJLJMNTNHDUR\NZ WEHIN[D VNUD UE OLDIMD KIHZD NKLDXNTD^NUD MJIJJKIJUEMNZ
TEXDYD (Doja, 2006: 428-429, Stoyanov, 2013: 171). ;JPDTRUR\N KE PDJ IN[E
MEOJ PJHNKSDM DLDS, JMN JW KSHDME ^EMSHDLME JSJXDMKPE ILDKSN WJaNUDUR
]JLNSNVPR TD[SNSR.21 ;JVESDP ]JLNSNVPE KDHDWbE aEPSD[NUKPJO WEHIN[PJO HEWD N JSJXDMKPE WH`DIE ]HEWKSDIYD SHEMRSDP PDWD HEW aNID,
SJPJX XV IEPD, ]HJPLDXJIDM R OLDIMJ WRZJIMJ IJ_KSIJ UDMNVDHKPE IJUKPE,
WJP )DcN =EPSD[ aNID ]HJOLD[EM TD bEMJO KIE^D TD[SNSMNPD (Doja, 2006:
428-429).
/DPJM KIE RVEKSDLNUNZ KRPJaD UDMNVDHKPE IJUKPE N JSJXDMKPE WH`DIE, PJUD UE ]JPR[DIDLD WD KRTaNUE bNZJI KIE IE\N IJUMN DLN N ]JLNSNVPN
RSN^DU, 1826. OJWNME WJLDTN WJ TIDMNVME TDaHDME PDPJ IJUME QJHXD^NUE,
SDPJ N aEPSD[NUKPJO WEHIN[PJO HEWD. + ]JHEW SJOD [SJ KR QJHXDLMJ
TDaHDbEMN, KDXD TDaHDMD bNZJIJO WELJIDbD XJOLD KE K]HJIJWNSN KDXJ MDW
WELJINXD SEHNSJHNUE MDW PJUNXD UE ^EMSHDLMD JSJXDMKPD DWXNMNKSHD^NUD
NXDLD WNHEPSMR ILDKS N RSN^DU (Doja, 2006: 87).
0 WHROE KSHDME, ]J[SJ SEHNSJHNUD .LaDMNUE MNUE ]JS]DWDLD ]JW
WNHEPSDM RSN^DU JSJXDMKPE DWXNMNKSHD^NUE R MDIEWEMJX ]EHNJWR, aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW MEJXESDMJ MDKSDIYD KIJUE WELJIDbE MD SJX ]HJKSJHR
(Doja, 2006: 87). :DZIDYRUR\N KIJX KNMPHESNKSNVPJX WRZR N K]E^NQNVMNX
WHR[SIEMJ ]JLNSNVPNX JPJLMJKSNXD, JWMJKMJ ]JWH[^N DLaDMKPE ]JLNSNVPE ELNSE SJO IHEXEMD, PJUD UE N KDXD SE`NLD TD ]JS]RMJX METDINKMJ[\R
JW JSJXDMKPE WH`DIE N ZJXJOEMNTD^NUN DLaDMKPJO MD^NJMDLMJO PJH]RKD R
UEWMR WH`DIR, IHEXEMJX UE HEW HDKSDJ N RVIH[\NIDJ KE XE_R DLaDMKPNX
KSDMJIMN[SIJX, ]JKEaMJ MD ]HJKSJHR $R`ME .LaDMNUE N :D]DWME 4DPEWJMNUE (Duijzings, 2005: 113-114).
;HEWKSDIYDUR\N KE, TDZIDYRUR\N KJ]KSIEMJX KNMPHESNTXR, PDJ KMDOD MD^NJMDLMJO UEWNMKSID PJUD ]HEXJ[\RUE HDTLNPE NTXE_R ZHN[\DMD N
XRKLNXDMD N ]JTNIDUR\N .LaDM^E WD TDaJHDIE KIJUE PJMQEKNJMDLME HDTLNPE,22 SJPJX ]JKLEWbE VESIHSNME XIX IEPD HEW KE HDTINJ R METDINKMR IEHKPR
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
21

;HEXD LEOEMWN, ]JLDTE\N JW ]JSHEaE WD KE ]JUEWNMD ]LEXEMD IHDSE ]JW PJMSHJLR

JSJXDMKPE ILDKSN, 0RLSDM =DUDTNS II, PJUN UE ILDWDJ R ]EHNJWR JW 1481-1512.
OJWNME, UE SJPJX 1501. OJWNME ]JTIDJ =DLNX 0RLSDMD N RKSJLNVNJ OD TD IJ_R aEPSD[NUKPJO HEWD, ]HN VEXR UE N KDX 0RLSDM =DUDTNS II ]JKSDJ VLDM HEWD (Doja, 2006:
436, Birge, 1937: 57).
22
:D HDTLNPR JW JKSDLNZ MD^NUD R $ROJNKSJVMJU 'IHJ]N, .LaDM^N SHDWN^NJMDLMJ
ME ]HN]DWDUR UEWMJU HELNONUN. /DNXE PJW .LaDMD^D, PJUN KR NTRTESDP JW ]HDINLD TD

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

151

TDUEWMN^R N ]JKSDJ UEWDM JW KSRaJID DLaDMKPJO MD^NJMDLMJO ]JPHESD, ]HJ[NHNI[N KIJU RSN^DU N MD ]HJKSJHE 6JKJID N 4DPEWJMNUE (Duijzings, 2005:
113-114).
$EWMJ JW KHEWKSDID ]JXJ\R PJUNZ UE aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW [NHNJ KIJU RSN^DU XE_R KSDMJIMN[SIJX MDIEWEMNZ ]HJKSJHD UEKSE TDWJaNUDbE
ZHN[\DMKPNZ KIESNLN[SD N XDMN]RLD^NUD KLDIYEbEX KIESD^D. /DNXE, HEW
UE ]JPR[DIDJ WD ]HERTXE ZHN[\DMKPD KIESNLN[SD, ]D KDXNX SNX N PJMIEHSRUE IEHMNPE ]JNKSJIE\RUR\N KIJUE KIE^E23 KD KIE^NXD PJUN KR aNLN MDU]J[SJIDMNUN R MDHJWR PJUN UE MDKEYDIDJ JWHE_EMN ]HJKSJH (Duijzings, 2005:
113-114). /DUID`MNUN aEPSD[NUNKPN KIESD^, PJUN UE R]JSHEaYDIDM R SR
KIHZR aNJ UE 0DHN 0DLSRP.24 /DNXE, 0DHN 0DLSRP UE MDUVE[\E ]JIETNIDM KD
KI. /NPJLJX N KI. kJH_EX, WID MDU]J[SJIDMNUE KIE^D MD SNX ]HJKSJHNXD,
PJUD KR TDUEWMJ ]J[SJIDLN N ZHN[\DMKPN N XRKLNXDMKPN IEHMN^N
(Duijzings, 2005: 114).
4E_RSNX, N ]JHEW VNbEMN^E WD UE ]JPR[DIDJ WD ]HERTXE ZHN[\DMKPD KIESNLN[SD MD SDU MDVNM, HEW MNPDWD MNUE TDaHDbNIDJ ZHN[\DMKPD
ZJWJVD[\D. /D]HJSNI, [SD IN[E, HEW UE N ]JWKSN^DJ ZHN[\DMKPD ZJWJVD[\D R KIJUD KIESNLN[SD N SJLEHNKDJ KLDIYEbE ZHN[\DMKPNZ KIESD^D,25
]HN SJXE ]JPR[DIDUR\N WD JKSIDHN IEHKPR MDWXJ\ N IJ_KSIJ MDW DLaDMKPNX
ZHN[\DMKPNX N XRKLNXDMKPNX IEHMN^NXD, KD PHDUbNX ^NYEX WD ]JKSDME
DLaDMKPD MD^NJMDLMD ^HPID (Duijzings, 2005: 114).
6DWD UE R ]NSDbR WELJIDbE DLaDMKPE ]JLNSNVPE ELNSE R KIESLR
[NHEbD DLN N ]JLNSNVPE NMKSHRXEMSDLNTD^NUE aEPSD[NUKPJO WEHIN[PJO
HEWD, PDJ [SJ UE IE\ N MD]JXEMRSJ, JMJ KE XJHD ]JKXDSHDSN PHJT ]HNTXR
SE`bE TD KRTaNUDbEX RMRSHD[bNZ ]JWELD MD HELNONUKPJX ]LDMR TDHDW
]JKSNTDbD JWHE_EMNZ ]JLNSNVPNZ ^NYEID (Duijzings, 2005: 212-214). % SJX
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
]HJKSJH $ROJNKSJVME 'IHJ]E D N [NHE, N WDMDK ]HEJILD_RUR VESNHN PJMQEKNUE:
PDSJLNVDMKSIJ MD KEIEHR, ]HDIJKLDIYE MD UROR N UROJNKSJPR, KRMNSKPN NKLDX R
^EMSHDLMJX WELR N aEPSD[NTDX MD UROR (Doja, 2006: 87).
23
=EPSD[NUKPN KIE^N KR MDUVE[\E NXDLN NKSE K]JYME N ZDLNJONJOHDQKPE JKJaNME
PDJ N bNZJIN ZHN[\DMKPN ]DMWDMN, N ]HEWKSDIYDMN KR PDJ KR]EHNJHMD HENMPDHMD^NUD ZHN[\DMKPNZ ]HEWZJWMNPD (Duijzings, 2005: 114).
24
0DHN 0DLSRP UE ]HEXD aEPSD[NUKPJX ]HEWDbR aNJ LRSDUR\N WEHIN[ PJUN UE
[NHNJ NKLDX MD ]HJKSJHR =LDPDMD SJPJX XIII IEPD, XMJOJ ]HE WJLDKPD JSJXDMKPNZ
1RHDPD. 0PJHJ KID SRHaESD JIJO KIE^D KR ]JIETDMD KD HEWJX aEPSD[NUD (Duijzings,
2005: 114-115).
25
+XD MEPJLNPJ ]HNXEHD PJUN SJ ]JSIH_RUR. % aEPSD[NUKPJU SEPNUN R 1ESJIR
(4DPEWJMNUD), ZHN[\DMN KR KLDINLN KI. +LNUR (Hasluk, 1929, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD
Duijzings, 2005: 116). 1EPNUD MD IHZR ]LDMNME 1JXJH (.LaDMNUD) aNLD UE JWHEWN[SE
XDHNUDMKPJO ZJWJVD[\D (Bartl, 1968, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Duijzings, 2005: 116). %
1EPNUN R 6DMDSLDH^NXD (4DPEWJMNUD) ZHN[\DMN KR KLDINLN KI. /NPJLR (7orAeviB,
1984, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Duijzings, 2005: 116). % SEPNUN R .LEPKDMWHJIR (4DPEWJMNUD)
ZHN[\DMN KR KLDINLN kRH_EIWDM, KLDIR KI. kJH_D (Evans, 1901, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD
Duijzings, 2005: 116).

152

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

KXNKLR RVEbE aEPSD[NUKPJO WEHIN[PJO HEWD ]HEWKSDIYDLJ UE MDUDWEPIDSMNUN NMKSHRXEMS TDHDW ZJXJOEMNTD^NUE DLaDMKPJO MD^NJMDLMJO PJH]RKD, KD
PHDUbNX ^NYEX JLNVEMNX R INWR KSIDHDbD METDINKME DLaDMKPE WH`DIE KD
aEPSD[NTXJX PDJ MD^NJMDLMJX HELNONUJX .LaDMD^D. 0SJOD, XJHDXJ NTWIJUNSN WELJIDbD .LN ;D[E26 N /DNXD 9HD[EHNUD,27 PDJ WID MDUNKSDPMRSNUD
]HN]DWMNPD ]JLNSNVPE ELNSE KIJO IHEXEMD, PJUN KR HDWNLN MD SJX ^NYR
(Duijzings, 2005: 116, 221).
;HIN KMD`MNUN SDLDK [NHEbD aEPSD[NUKPJO WEHIN[PJO HEWD XE_R
DLaDMKPJX ]J]RLD^NUJX JWINUD KE ]JW ]JLNSNVPJX ]DSHJMD`JX N ]JWH[PJX .LN ;D[E, JW KSHDME JSJXDMKPE WH`DIE ME]HNTMDSJX R]HDIYDSEYR
JaLDKSN JPJ OHDWD $DbNMD MD KEIEHJTD]DWR WDMD[bE 8HVPE, R ]EHNJWR JW
1788. WJ 1822 OJWNME (Doja, 2006: 94). /DNXE, .LN ;D[D UE PJHNKSNJ
JHODMNTD^NUR N IEHKPJ RVEbE aEPSD[NUKPJO WEHIN[PJO HEWD WD aN KSEPDJ
MDPLJMJKS N ]JWH[PR LJPDLMJO KSDMJIMN[SID, ]HJ[NHNJ KIJU ]JLNSNVPN
RSN^DU N NKSDPDJ KIJUR METDINKMJKS JW ^EMSHDLME JSJXDMKPE ILDKSN. ;JW
bEOJINX ]JLNSNVPNX ]JPHJINSEYKSIJX aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW UE
NKLDXNTJIDJ IELNPN aHJU ZHN[\DMD, ]JIE\DI[N aHJU KIJUNZ KLEWaEMNPD N
bEXR ]JXJODI[N WD ]JIE\D ]JLNSNVPR XJ\ N TDWJaNUE PJMSHJLR MDW MJINX
SEHNSJHNUDXD28 (Duijzings, 2005: 116). 6JHNKSE\N MDIEWEMR KDHDWbR KD
aEPSD[NUKPJX WEHIN[PNX HEWJX, PJUD UE JVNOLEWMJ aNLD ]JLNSNVPN XJSNINKDMD N R PJUJU UE aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW INWEJ KUDUMR XJOR\MJKS
[NHEbD N ]HJ]DONHDbD KJ]KSIEMJO RVEbD, .LN ;D[D UE RK]EJ WD KIJUR
ILDKS ]HJ[NHN N MD ]HJKSJHE UROJNKSJVME N ^EMSHDLME .LaDMNUE29 (Doja,
2006: 95-96).
/DPJM, ]JHDTD .LN ;D[E SJPJX 1822. OJWNME N TIDMNVME TDaHDME
SJPJX 1826. OJWNME, aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW, IE\ RPJHEbEM XE_R DLaDMKPNX KSDMJIMN[SIJX MDKSDIN\E JS]JH ]HEXD JSJXDMKPJU WH`DIN. :aJO KIJO
KNMPHESNKSNVPJO WRZD N SEMWEM^NUDXD TD DKNXNLD^NUJX KSHDMNZ ELEXEMDSD,
R KIJUE WJPSHNME ROHDWN\E N DLaDMKPN MD^NJMDLNTDX, [SJ \E KDXJ ]JIE\DSN
bEOJIR ]J]RLDHMJKS N aHJU KLEWaEMNPD SJPJX XIX IEPD (Doja, 2006: 96).
.LaDMKPN MD^NJMDLMN ]JPHES UE NMDVE JW ]JVESPD, PDJ [SJ UE IE\ N
MDIEWEMJ, aNJ KRJVEM KD IELNPNX RMRSHD[bNX ]JWELDXD MD HELNONUKPJX
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
26

.LN ;D[D (Ali Pash) - (1740-1822).

/DNX 9HD[EHN (Naim Frashri) (1846-1900).
28
;JKSJUN ]HES]JKSDIPD WD UE aEPSD[NUKPJ ZJWJVD[\E MD 6HQ N ]JNKSJIE\NIDbE
0DHN 0DLSRPD KD KI. 0]NHNWJMJX, TD[SNSMNPJX JKSHID, ]HEWKSDIYDLJ ]JPR[DU
.LN ;D[E WD TDWJaNUE PJMSHJLR MDW UJMKPNX JKSHINXD (Hasluk, 1929, MDIEWEMJ
]HEXD Duijzings, 2005: 116).
29
(WHE_EMN aHJU DRSJHD, XE_R PJUNXD KE MDUIN[E NKSNVE Nathalie Clayer, WJIJWE R
]NSDbE ]JKSJUDbE IETE NTXE_R WELJIDbD .LN ;D[E N WEHIN[PJO HEWD aEPSD[NUD.
/DNXE, DRSJHPD NTMJKN SIHWbR WD TD SDPIR IETR ME ]JKSJUE DWEPIDSMN ]NKDMN WJPDTN, SE WD UE JMD KDXJ XNS MDKSDJ R PDKMNUEX ]EHNJWR JW KSHDME ]JUEWNMNZ DLaDMKPNZ aEPSD[NUD N MD^NJMDLMNZ IJ_D (Doja, 2006: 95).
27

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

153

]LDMR. ;JVEI JW XIX IEPD RLDODMN KR KSDLMN MD]JHN WD KE MDKLE_EMN IEHKPN HDKPJLN MERSHDLNTRUR. 0]E^NQNVMJKS DLaDMKPJO WHR[SID KE, R JWMJKR
MD WHR[SID NLN MDHJWE NT bNZJIJO JPHR`EbD, JOLEWD R SJXE [SJ UE UETNP
]HERTEJ ]HNXDS ]HNLNPJX QJHXNHDbD MD^NJMDLMJO NWEMSNSESD R JWMJKR
MD HELNONUR. =RWR\N WD UE HDTLNVNS JW MDUaLN`NZ KRKEWD, DLaDMKPN UETNP KE,
R SDPINX WHR[SIEMNX JPJLMJKSNXD, MDXESMRJ PDJ UEWNMN VNMNLD^ PJUN UE
XJODJ WD ]HEXJKSN HDTLNPR NTXE_R HDTMNZ IEHD N HEONJMDLMNZ NWEMSNSESD30
(Duijzings, 2005: 213-214). 4E_RSNX, N ]JHEW KSDLMNZ MD]JHD WD KE HELNONUD MERSHDLNTRUE, ]JKSJUDLN KR N ]JPR[DUN WD MDHDKSDUR\N MD^NJMDLMN
]JPHES WJaNUE UDPR HELNONUKPR JKMJIR N KIJU JKLJMD^ MD_E R aEPSD[NUKPJX
WEHIN[PJX HEWR (Duijzings, 2005: 221).
% SJX KIESLR XJHDXJ NTWIJUNSN WELJIDbE /DNXD 9HD[EHNUD, DLaDMKPJO MD^NJMDLMJO ]EKMNPD, PJUN UE IEHJIDJ WD KDXJ IETD TDKMJIDMD MD
HELNONUN XJ`E RVIHKSNSN UEWNMKSIJ .LaDMD^D. =LN`E HEVEMJ, /DNX
9HD[EHN UE ^ELJO KIJO `NIJSD NK]JYDIDJ MDPLJMJKS ]HEXD aEPSD[NUKPJX
WEHIN[PJX HEWR. (WHDKSDJ UE R KELR 9HD[EHN (Frashri), MD UROR .LaDMNUE,
OWE UE VEKSJ ]JKE\NIDJ aEPSD[NUKPR SEPNUR, PJUD \E N KDXD PDKMNUE ]JKSDSN
UEWDM JW OLDIMNZ ^EMSDHD DLaDMKPJO MD^NJMDLMJO ]JPHESD (Clayer, 1990,
]HEXD Duijzings, 2005: 223). 2D`NJ UE TD JaHDTJIDMJO VJIEPD N ]HJKIESNSEYD PJUN KE TDMNXDJ PDPJ TD TD]DWMR SDPJ N TD NKSJVMR PRLSRHR N
SHDWN^NUR. % KIJUNX WELNXD, ]JOJSJIR R ]DKSJHDLMJU ]JETNUN, ]HNHJWME
LE]JSE .LaDMNUE VEKSJ UE ]JIETNIDJ KD aEPSD[NUKPNX ]DMSENKSNVPNX NWEUDXD, PJUE KR KIEXR WDIDLE JWHE_EMR HELNONUKPR N XNKSNVMR aJUR (Duijzings,
2005: 222).
+ ]JHEW SJOD [SJ UE IE\NMD bEOJINZ WELD, ]HE KIEOD, aNLD ]DSHNJSKPN MDWDZMRSD, WJP KR HELNONUKPN ELEXEMSN KLR`NLN TDHDW ]JSPHE]YNIDbD
N ]HJWRaYNIDbD MD^NJMDLMNZ NWEDLD, JSIJHEMR ]JWH[PR aEPSD[NUKPJX
WEHIN[PJX HEWR /DNX 9HD[EHN UE NTHDTNJ R WELR ,,:-46*>3,(4*
B-)-G53@* NLN ,,Fletore e Bektashinjet, JaUDIYEMJX SJPJX 1896. OJWNME.
0DXJ WELJ, PJUE ]HEWKSDIYD KDOLEWDIDbE aEPSD[NUKPE IEHE, RT JaUD[bEbE
SEJLJ[PNZ WJPSHNMD N J]NKJX HNSRDLD, JHODMNTD^NUE N ]HDPSNVME ESNPE
HEWD, ]HIEMKSIEMJ UE MDXEbEMJ .LaDM^NXD PJUN KR aNLN KRMNSKPN XRKLNXDMN NLN ZHN[\DMN, PDPJ aN NZ ]HNIRPLJ N KUEWNMNLJ MD MD^NJLMDLMJU
JKMJIN, PHJT HELNONUKPR31 (Duijzings, 2005: 224-225). +]DP, OLDIMN WJ]HN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
30

.LaDMKPN MD^NJMDLNKSN KR NMDVE JW ]JVESPD ]JPR[DIDLN WD MDXESMR MEPR IHKSR

,,OHD_DMKPE HELNONUE NLN DLaDMNTDX. /DUaJYN ]HNXEH XJ`EXJ INWESN R KSNZJINXD ;D[PD 2DKE, DLaDMKPJO MD^NJMDLMJO ]EKMNPD SJO IHEXEMD, R ]EKXN ,,O, UDWMD
.LaDMNUJ NLN ,,O, moj Shqypni R PJUNXD PD`E:,,;HJaRWNSE KE, .LaDM^N, ]HJaRWNSE KE NT WHEXE`D. :DPRMNXJ KE, KIN PDJ aHD\D, WD ME\EXJ XDHNSN TD ^HPIE N
cDXNUE. 2EHD .LaDMD^D UEKSE DLaDMNTDX (Duijzings, 2005: 214-215).
31
% UEWMJX WELR KSJUN:,,=EPSD[NUE KR WRZJIMD aHD\D ME KDXJ XE_R KJaJX, MEOJ N KD
KINX YRWNXD. (MN IJLE KIJUE KRKEWE, N XRKLNXDME N ZHN[\DME, PDJ [SJ IJLE KDXN
KEaE, N NXDUR aEK]HEPJHDM JWMJK ]HEXD ^ELJX YRWKPJX HJWR. .LN MDUIN[E JW

154

Q*53,-) L*23?: :-46*>3<*+ >336(4/-*)-236(4*...

MJK /DNXD 9HD[EHNUD R E]KPJX `DMHR, D KIE R KIESLR ]HJ]DONHDbD aEPSD[NUKPJO RVEbD, ]HEWKSDIYD E]KPJ WELJ ,,D-8B-)* NLN ,,Qerbelaja, JaUDIYEMJ SJPJX 1898. OJWNME.32
0DX E] KDWH`N WIDWEKES ]ES ]EIDbD N J]NKRUE aNSPR PJUD KE JWNOHDLD SJPJX 680. OJWNME R aLNTNMN 6EHaELE, MD ]HJKSJHR WDMD[bEO +HDPD.
dEMSHDLMD QNORHD E]D UE NXDX )RKENM, WHRON KNM NXDXD .LNUD, N bEOJID
KXHS. % SJX KIESLR, RT XDLR WNOHEKNUR, )RKENMJID ]JONaNUD, PDJ N ]JONaNUD
IN[E VLDMJID bEOJIE ]JHJWN^E, TD KIE IEHMNPE PJUE ]HN]DWDUR [NNTXR,
NLN MEPJX bEOJIJX JOHDMPR, ]HEWKSDIYD SHDONVMN N RTIN[EMN VNM XRVEMN[SID TD NKSNMKPR N ]HDIR IEHR. % TMDP KE\DbD MD )RKENMJIR KRWaNMR, R
[NNSKPJX ]HEWDbR J]NKDMR R XMJOJaHJUMNX ]EKXDXD N LEOEMWDXD, [NNSN
KE MD OJWN[bN^R aNSPE HEWJIMJ JPR]YDUR R 6EHaELN, OWE ]JKEaMNX HNSRDLNXD KDXJPD`bDIDbD N KDXJHDbDIDbD JaMDIYDUR TDIES JWDMJKSN N JWDUR
]J[SJIDbE )RKENMJIJU ZHDaHJKSN N ]J`HSIJIDMJKSN (TanaskoviB, 2010:
201-202).
0 WHROE KSHDME, PDWD UE KDX E] R ]NSDbR, XJ`EXJ OD ]JKXDSHDSN PDJ
]JPR[DU WD KE [NNSKPD SEXD ]DSbE N NKPR]YEbD ]HNLDOJWN MD^NJMDLMJU
]RaLN^N, KIE KD ^NYEX KSIDHDbD KIEMD^NJMDLME ]JEXE PJUD \E KE JaHD\DSN
KINX WELJINXD WHR[SID N PJUD \E aNSN IEHKPN NTIJH MDWDZMR\D TD aJHaR
]HJSNI JSJXDMKPE ILDWDINME (Noris, 1993, MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Duijzings, 2005:
230-231, Stoyanov, 2013: 176). % SJX KIESLR, TD KDXJO DRSJHD, E] UE IN[E JW
]HE]HNVDIDbD NKSJHNUKPJO WJOD_DUD, IE\ ]HEHDKSD R bEOJIR ]HEQJHXRLD^NUR, OWE KD ]HNM^N]JX ZRXDMNKSNVPJO XJHDLD YRWKPJ K]DKEbE KE
]JNKSJIE\RUE KD MD^NJMDLMNX JKLJaJ_EbEX (Doja, 2013: 120). 0ZJWMJ
SJXE, E] KE TDIH[DID R MEK]JHMJX MD^NJMDLNKSNVPJX SJMR, OWE KE WJOD_DUN
NT 6EHaELE ]JIETRUR KD KSHDWDbEX .LaDMD^D, ]JW JSJXDMKPJX ILDWDINMJX
N OWE DRSJH ]JTNID .LaDM^E WD R 6EHaELN MD_R MDWDZMR\E TD JS]JH N
JKLJaD_DbE (Duijzings, 2005: 230-231). '] KE TDIH[DID KSNZJINXD: ,,(
=J`E, R NXE 6EHaELE. % NXE )DKDMD N )RKENMD. % NXE WIDMDEKS NXDXD, [SJ
]DSN[E WJP `NIE[E. % NXE KIE SE ]DSbE. % NXE XJUE MDUWRaYE SROE, ME
WJTIJLN WD .LaDMNUD ]DWME NLN MEKSDME. &JTIJLN WD `NIN TDRIEP.
(Frashri, 1978, ]HEXD Duijzings, 2005: 232).
4E_RSNX, N ]JHEW KINZ ]JPR[DUD aEPSD[NTDX, R]HPJK IELNPJU
]J]RLDHMJKSN, IHEXEMJX MNUE RK]EJ WD NTaHN[E ]JKSJUE\E IEHKPE ]JWELE N
K]HEVN [NHEbE WHRONZ, SHDWN^NJMDLMNZ IEHKPNZ TDUEWMN^D. :D IHEXE
=DLPDMKPNZ HDSJID N SJPJX ;HIJO KIESKPJO HDSD IE\NMD SEPNUD UE aNLD
RMN[SEMD. ;JVESPJX WIDWEKESNZ OJWNMD XX IEPD, R IEHKPE HNSRDLE aEPSD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
KIEOD IJLE KIJUR TEXYR N KIJUE KRMDHJWMNPE UEH SJ UE MDUIE\D JW KINZ IHLNMD
(Hasluck, 1929 MDIEWEMJ ]HEXD Duijzings, 2005: 225-226, Doja, 2013: 122).
32
1JPJX NKSE OJWNME JaUDIYEMJ UE UJ[ UEWMJ WELJ, PJUE K]DWD XE_R MDUTMDVDUMNUD R
^ELJPR]MJX PbN`EIMJX J]RKR /DNXD 9HD[EHNUD, ]JW MDTNIJX ,,+KSJHNUD 0PEMWEHaEOD NLN ,,Hisrori e Sknderbeut, PJUE ]HEWKSDIYD ]HIN E]KPN J]NK aJHaE ]HJSNI 1RHDPD PJUE UE MD]NKDJ UEWDM XRKLNXDM (Duijzings, 2005: 229).

Religija i tolerancija, Vol. XII, C21, Januar-Jun, 2014.

155

[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW UE RIEJ N JWHE_EME MD^NJMDLME ELEXEMSE, ]J]RS

NKSN^DbD DLaDMKPE MD^NJMDLME TDKSDIE TD IHEXE IEHKPNZ ^EHEXJMNUD N
PJHN[\EbD DLaDMKPJO UETNPD PDJ TIDMNVMJO UETNPD33 IEHKPE TDUEWMN^E
(Duijzings, 2005: 232).
6DKMNUE, SJPJX 1932. OJWNME aEPSD[NUKPN WEHIN[PN HEW UE JW
KSHDME TIDMNVME DLaDMKPE WH`DIE ]HNTMDS PDJ de facto METDINKMD IEHKPD
TDUEWMN^D (Duijzings, 2005: 232). /DPJM &HROJO KIESKPJO HDSD N PJXRMNKSNVPE ILDWDINME, PJUD UE SHDUDLD JW 1945. WJ 1990. OJWNME N aNLD JaELE`EMD
TDPJMKPJX TDaHDMJX HDWD N QRMP^NJMNKDbD aNLJ PJUE IEHKPE TDUEWMN^E,34
HEW \E MDKSDINSN KIJUE WELJIDbE. 1JPJX JaMJIE KIJO HDWD, HEW MDKSDIYD WD
KE ]HNPDTRUE PDJ K]JMD NTXE_R ZHN[\DMKSID N NKLDXD, R NKSJ IHEXE
]JPR[DIDUR\N WD aEPSD[NTDX ]HEWKSDIN PDJ KIESKPN QEMJXEM, KD KIJUNX
^EMSHJX R .LaDMNUN (Clayer, 2007: 23).
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^NINLMJO WHR[SID N TDLD`E KE TD UEWMDPJKS NTXE_R `EMD N XR[PDHD^D,

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GAE=@DE<@D
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!
Danijel Savi+
Faculty of Philosophy
University of Belgrade
danijel.savi@yahoo.com
BEKTASHISM: SHIA-ALEVI DIMENSION OF ISLAM IN THE WESTERN
BALKANS
Summary
When it comes to the Western Balkans, one of the numerous and influential dervish
orders certainly is Bektashi dervish order. Bektashi dervish order originates in the
region of Anatolia in XIII and XIV century. Due to its fundamental characters that
embodied in the comprehensive syncretism, Bektashi dervish order early XVI century
takes Shiite - Alevi character, determining their religious teachings as a combination of
the doctrine of Shiism and Alevism, embodied through the various elements of Sufism,
mixed with elements and traditions that originating from Christianity, Buddhism,
Platonism, Hurufism and ancient Turkish culture. The expansion of the Ottoman
Empire, and due to certain socio-political circumstances Bektashi dervish order comes
in the Western Balkans, where the territory of Albania has its stronghold and remains
permanently attached exclusively to the Albanian population, including part of the
Albanian population inhabiting Kosovo and Western Macedonia. During the time of its
existence Bektashi dervish order happens often subject to political instrumentalization,
starting by the Ottoman state in which they served as a colonizing dervishes in order
Islamization of the population, and the Albanian political elite, who used them as an
instrument for the sake of homogeneity of Albanian society on a religious basis. In this
context, this paper gives an overview of the most important features of the Bektashi
dervish order, related to their origin, the basic theological doctrines of their religious
teachings, hierarchical structure of the community, religious rituals and practices, as
well as expansion in the Western Balkans and the political instrumentalization of the
Albanian political elite in the XVIII and XIX centuries.
Key words: Bektashism, Hadji Bektash, shi'ism, dervishes, Naim Frasheri, Albania