Activity XII

MOLAR VOLUME OF HYDROGEN GAS

AIM

Determine the volume of hydrogen gas from reaction of magnesium and

hydrochloric acid. We measure the volume, temperature, and pressure of hydrogen gas.
The data results are used for calculating the volume of 1 mol H2 at 0oC and 1 atm
pressure.

BASIC THEORY

For a specific amount of any ideal gas, the relation between the
pressure of the gas, P, its volume, V, its temperature, T, and its number of
moles, n, is given by the ideal gas law :

PV =
nRT
Here R is the proportionality constant, called the gas constant, and it
has the same value for all ideal gases under all conditions, namely,
0.08206 L·atm/mol·K. In all calculations in which this constant is
employed, pressure must be expressed in atmospheres, volume in liters,
and temperature in Kelvins.
Standard conditions are defined as exactly 1 atm pressure and 0°C
(273 K). The molar volume of a gas is the volume that 1.000 mol of it
occupies under these conditions. It is the same for all ideal gases :

V= nRT =
22.414 L

In this experiment, we will produce hydrogen gas, H , by reacting

²
magnesium with hydrochloric acid according to the following equation :

Mg + 2 HCI → MgCl² + H²
 we will assume the hydrogen is an ideal gas, and we will measure its
mass, volume, temperature, and pressure. From these measured values,
we will calculate the molar volume of hydrogen and compare the result
with the ideal value above.

APPARATUS

1. Measuring glass (cylinder)

2. Water
3. Thermometer
4. Barometer
5. Magnesium tape
6. hydrochloric acid

PROCEDURE

1. Cut the magnesium tape about 8cm, and weigh its weigh. Twist it with a pencil to
be spiral.
2. Pour some hydrochloric acid into the measuring glass half until the half. Fulfill it
with some water. Close the glass with a wet paper, and upside down the glass. Do
it in a bucket of water.
Note : Do some practice with water before.
3. Add spiral magnesium tape into the measuring glass that in the upside down
position. Notice the hydrogen gas that formed.
4. After all of magnesium tape react, let the temperature down to be room
temperature. Note the temperature of water/temperature of air, the pressure of air
in 1atm, pressure of steam at the temperature.
5. Arrange the height of cylinder so the surface of liquid in the cylinder as the same
as the surface of water in the bucket. Read and note the volume of the gas in the
cylinder (measuring glass).

RESULT
Mass of 8cm magnesium tape = 0,08 gram
Volume of H2 gas = 75 mL
 Temperature of water/air = 26°C = 26 + 273 = 299 K
Air pressure = 760 mmHg
Steam pressure = 25,127 mmHg
H2 gas pressure = 734,873 mmHg

CALCULATING DATA

1. Gasses in the cylinder consist of H2 gas and steam. Look up the pressure of steam
in the table.

2. The pressure of H2 gas is the total of air pressure – pressure of steam (mmHg)=
…..atm.
→ 760 mmHg – 25,127 mmHg = 734,873 mmHg.

3. Calculate the number of mol of H2 gas that formed.

→ 100cm Mg = 1 grm
8 cm Mg = 8/100
= 0,08 grm
= 0,08/24 mol ← “ArHg = 24 mol”
= 0,003 mol

4. The reaction equation : Mg(s) + 2HCL (aq) → MgCL2(aq) + H2(g)

TASK

1. Calculate the volume of 1 mol of hydrogen gas that formed at 1 atm pressure.
→ P1 . V1 = P2 . V2
T1 T2
760 . V = 734, 873 . 0,075
298 299
V = 734,873 . 0,075 . 298
299 . 760
= 16424,41155
227240
= 0,07227781883
= 0,0723

→ V at 1atm pressure = 0,0723 = 24,093

0,003

2. Compare the volume of 1 mol of H2 gas (25oC, 1 atm) that formed with the
number that grafted in the book. If it’s different, explain it!
→ Yes. It can be different because human mistake, depraved of the tools, or
experience less.
 3. In the measuring you do, which one is the biggest uncertainty (measuring)?
Calculate the percentage of mistake in working!
→ % mistake = 24,093– 24 x 100%
24
= 0,093 x 100%
24
= 0,3875%

4. What mistake will be happening, if the surface of liquid is not being same before
measuring the volume?
→ From human mistake or not carefully in measuring.
→ Depraved of the tools.

CONCLUTION
Hydrogen gas consists of molecules. Hydrogen is gas that has no fixed shape, can
easy be compressed, and has no fixed volume. It can able to move any way in the
container.

Asessor: The experimenters :

IL Rahma Pradira Gesari / X-5/ 13
Inayah Nur Utami / X-5/ 14
Khairina Izzati Amalia / X-5/ 15