Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

LI NI U..........................................................................................................3
CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG.....................................................................4
1: GII THIU CHUNG CU TRC B VK AT 89C51....................................4
1.1 . Tm tt v lch s ca AT89C51....................................................................5
1.2. S chn tn hiu ca 80C51/AT89C51.......................................................6
1.3. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit....................................................................7
2: CC TIU CHUN LA CHN MT B VK.........................................15
3: LED 7 ON V LED N............................................................................16
3.1.Cc khi nim c bn.......................................................................................17
3.2. Kt ni vi vi iu khin.................................................................................18
4: GIAO TIP VK VI LED 7 ON.............................................................21
4.1. KHI GII M..............................................................................................22
4.2. IC gii m 7447................................................................................................22
5: TNG QUAN V H THNG IU KHIN TN HIU GIAO THNG.
..................................................................................................................................23
5.1: Yu cu v mc ch ca h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng...................23
5.2. Mt s h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng................................................23
5.2.1: H thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng u tin cho ngi i b.................23
5.2.2: H thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng cho ng t
..........24
CHNG 2:THIT K PHN CNG V CHNG TRNH IU KHIN
..................................................................................................................................29
1. S khi...........................................................................................................32
2. Thit k phn cng.............................................................................................36
3. Phn lp trnh.....................................................................................................40
PHN TNG KT................................................................................................49

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

NHN XT V NH GI CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Ngy ... thng ... nm 2015
Ging vin hng dn
Hong Th Hng

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[2]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

LI NI U

Vi thi i pht trin nh ngy nay th vn giao thng ngy cng c

tr trng. Cc phng tin tham gia giao thng cng gia tng khng ngng v h
thng giao thng ngy cng phc tp. V vy m bo c s an ton khi
tham gia giao thng th vic s dng cc h thng tn hiu iu khin v phn
lung ti cc nt giao thng l rt cn thit. Qua thc t chng em nhn thy vn
ny l rt st thc. Hn na l chng em c trang b nhng kin thc
trong qu trnh nghin cu v hc tp ti trng chng em chn ti Thit
k v ch to h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng cho ng t Trong sut
qu trnh thc hin ti chng em nhn c s hng dn tn tnh ca c
Hong Th Hng v cc thy c trong khoa in- in t. Chng em xin chn
thnh cm n cc thy c. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thc hin n do kin thc
hiu bit cn hn hp cng nh chng em cha c nhiu iu kin kho st thc
t nhiu, thi gian lm n khng di do vy n ca chng em cng khng
th trnh c nhng thiu st. Chng em rt mong thy c v cc cc bn ng
gp v b sung kin n ca chng em thm hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

1.GII THIU CHUNG V CU TRC B VK 89C51

Trong mc ny chng ta xem xt mt s thnh vin khc nhau ca h b vi
iu khin 8051 v cc c im bn trong ca chng. ng thi ta im qua mt
s nh sn xut khc nhau v cc sn phm ca h c trn th trng.
1.1 Tm tt v lch s cua AT89C51
Vo nm 1981. Hng Intel gii thiu mt s b vi iu khin c gi l
AT89C51. B vi iu khin ny c 128 byte RAM, 4K byte ROM trn chip, hai
b nh thi, mt cng ni tip v 4 cng (u rng 8 bit) vo ra tt c c t
trnmt chip. Lc y n c coi l mt h thng trn chip. AT89C51 l mt b
x l 8 bit c ngha l CPU ch c th lm vic vi 8 bit d liu ti mt thi im.
D liu ln hn 8 bit c chia ra thnh cc d liu 8 bit cho x l. AT89C51
c tt c 4 cng vo - ra I/O mi cng rng 8 bit (xem hnh 1.2). Mc d 8051 c
th c mt ROM trn chip cc i l 64 K byte, nhng cc nh sn xut lc
cho xut xng ch vi 4K byte ROM trn chip. iu ny s c bn chi tit hn
sau ny.
AT89C51 tr nn ph bin sau khi Intel cho php cc nh sn xut khc
sn xut v bn bt k dng bin th no ca AT89C51 m h thch vi iu kin
h phi m li tng thch vi AT89C51. iu ny dn n s ra i nhiu
phin bn ca AT89C51 vi cc tc khc nhau v dung lng ROM trn chip
khc nhau c bn bi hn na cc nh sn xut. iu ny quan trng l mc d
c nhiu bin th khc nhau ca AT89C51 v tc v dung lng nh ROM trn
chip, nhng tt c chng u tng thch vi AT89C51 ban u v cc lnh. iu
ny c ngha l nu ta vit chng trnh ca mnh cho mt phin bn no th n
cng s chy vi mi phin bn bt k khc m khng phn bit n t hng sn
xut no.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

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Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Bng 1: Cc c tnh ca AT89C51 u tin.

c tnh

S lng

ROM trn chp

4K byte

RAM

128 byte

B nh thi

Cc chn vo - ra

32

Cng ni tip

Ngt Ngun

B vi iu khin 8051: B vi iu khin 8051 l thnh vin u tin ca

h AT89C51. Hng Intel k hiu n nh l MCS51. Bng 3.2 trnh by cc c
tnh ca AT89C51.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

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n Tch Hp Mc 1

1.2. S chn tn hiu AT89C51.

Chc nng ca cc chn tn hiu sau:

- P0.0 n P0.7 l cc chn ca cng 0.
- P1.0 n P1.7 l cc chn ca cng 1.
- P2.0 n P2.7 l cc chn ca cng 2
- P3.0 n P3.7 l cc chn ca cng 3
- RxD: Nhn tn hiu kiu ni tip.
- TxD: Truyn tn hiu kiu ni tip.
- /INT0: Ngt ngoi 0.
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

- /INT1: Ngt ngoi 1.

- T0: Chn vo 0 ca b Timer/Counter 0.
- T1: Chn vo 1 ca b Timer/Counter 1.
- /Wr:

Ghi d liu vo b nh ngoi.

- /Rd: c d liu t b nh ngoi.

- RST: Chn vo Reset, tch cc mc logic cao trong khong 2 chu k my.
- XTAL1: Chn vo mch khuych a dao ng
- XTAL2: Chn ra t mch khuy ch a dao ng.
- /PSEN : Chn cho php c b nh chng trnh ngoi (ROM ngoi).
- ALE (/PROG): Chn tn hiu cho php cht a ch truy cp b nh ngoi, khi
On-chip xut ra byte thp ca a ch. Tn hiu cht c kch hot mc cao, tn
s xung cht = 1/6 tn s dao ng ca b VK. N c th c dng cho cc b
Timer ngoi hoc cho mc ch to xung Clock. y cng l chn nhn xung vo
np chng trnh cho Flash (hoc EEPROM) bn trong On-chip khi n mc
thp.
- /EA/Vpp: Cho php On-chip truy cp b nh chng trnh ngoi khi /EA=0, nu - /EA= th On-chip s lm vic vi b nh chng trnh ni tr. Khi chn ny
c cp ngun in p 12V (Vpp) th On-chip m nhn chc nng np chng
trnh cho Flash bn trong n.
- Vcc: Cung cp dng ngun cho On-chip (+ 5V).
- GND: ni mass.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

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Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

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n Tch Hp Mc 1

1.3. Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit

Bng 2. a ch, ngha v gi tr ca cc SFR sau khi Reset
Symbol

Address

Reset Values

Thanh ghi tch ly

0E0h

00000000b

Thanh ghi B

0F0h

00000000b

T trng thi ca chng trnh

0D0h

00000000b

Con tr ngn xp

81h

00000111b

DP0L

Byte cao ca con tr d liu 0

82h

00000000b

DP0H

Byte thp ca con tr d liu 0

83h

00000000b

* P0

Cng 0

80h

11111111b

* P1

Cng 1

90h

11111111b

* P2

Cng 2

0A0h

11111111b

* P3

Cng 3

0B0h

11111111b

* IP

TG iu khin ngt u tin

0B8h

xxx00000b

* IE

TG iu khin cho php ngt

0A8h

0xx00000b

* ACC
*B
* PSW
SP

Name

TMOD

iu khin khiu Timer/Counter

89h

00000000b

* TCON

TG iu khin Timer/Counter

88h

00000000b

TH0

Byte cao ca Timer/Counter 0

8Ch

00000000b

TL0

Byte thp ca Timer/Counter 0

8Ah

00000000b

TH1

Byte cao ca Timer/Counter 1

8Dh

00000000b

TL1

Byte thp ca Timer/Counter 1

8Bh

00000000b

Serial Control

98h

00000000b

SBUF

Serial Data Buffer

99h

indeterminate

PCON

Power Control

87h

0xxx0000b

* SCON

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

C th nh a ch bit, x: Khng nh ngha

1.3.1. Thanh ghi ACC:
L thanh ghi tch lu, dng lu tr cc ton hng v kt qu ca php tnh.
Thanh ghi ACC di 8 bits. Trong cc tp lnh ca On-chip, n thng c quy
c n gin l A.
1.3.2. Thanh ghi B:
Thanh ghi ny c dng khi thc hin cc php ton nhn v chia. i vi
cc lnh khc, n c th xem nh l thanh ghi m tm thi. Thanh ghi B di 8 bits.
N thng c dng chung vi thanh ghi A trong cc php ton nhn hoc chia.
1.3.3. Thanh ghi SP:
Thanh ghi con tr ngn xp di 8 bit. SP cha a ch ca d liu hin ang
nh ca ngn xp. Gi tr ca n c t ng tng ln khi thc hin lnh PUSH
trc khi d liu c lu tr trong ngn xp. SP s t ng gim xung khi thc
hin lnh POP. Ngn xp c th t bt c ni no trong RAM on-chip, nhung
sau khi khi ng li h thng th con tr ngn xp mc nh s tr ti a ch khi
u l 07h, v vy ngn xp s bt u t a ch 08h. Ta cng c th nh con tr
ngn xp ti a ch mong mun bng cc lnh di chuyn d liu thng qua nh a
ch tc thi.
1.3.4. Thanh ghi DPTR:
Thanh ghi con tr d liu (16 bit) bao gm 1 thanh ghi byte cao (DPH-8bit) v
1 thanh ghi byte thp (DPL-8bit). DPTR c th c dng nh thanh ghi 16 bit
hoc 2 thanh ghi 8 bit c lp. Thanh ghi ny c dng truy cp RAM ngoi.
1.3.5. Ports 0 to 3:
PO, Pl, P2, P3 l cc cht ca cc cng 0, 1, 2, 3 tng ng. Mi cht gm 8
bit. Khi ghi mc logic 1 vo mt bit ca cht, th chn ra tng ng ca cng
mc logic cao. Cn khi ghi mc logic 0 vo mi bit ca cht th chn ra tng ng
ca cng mc logic thp. Khi cc cng m nhim chc nng nh cc u vo
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

th trng thi bn ngoi ca cc chn cng s c gi bit cht tng ng. Tt c

4 cng ca on-chip u l cng I/O hai chiu, mi cng u c 8 chn ra, bn trong
mi cht bit c b Pullup-tng cng do nng cao kh nng ni ghp ca
cng vi ti (c th giao tip vi 4 n 8 ti loi TTL).
1.3.6. Thanh ghi SBUF:
m d liu ni tip gm 2 thanh ghi ring bit, mt thanh ghi m pht v
mt thanh ghi m thu. Khi d liu c chuyn ti SBUF, n s i vo b m
pht, v c gi y ch bin thnh dng truyn tin ni tip. Khi d liu
c truyn i t SBUF, n s i ra t b m thu.
1.3.7. Cc Thanh ghi Timer
Cc i thanh ghi (THO, TLO), (THI, TL1) l cc thanh ghi m 16 bit tng
ng vi cc b Timer/Counter 0 v 1.
1.3.8. Cc thanh ghi iu khin
Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit: IP, IE, TMOD, TCON, SCON, v PCON
bao gm cc bit trng thi v iu khin i vi h thng ngt, cc b
Timer/Counter v cng ni tip. Chng s c m t phn sau.
1.3.9. Thanh ghi PSW
T trng thi chng trnh dng cha thng tin v trng thi chng trnh.
PSW c di 8 bit, mi bit m nhim mt chc nng c th. Thanh ghi ny cho
php truy cp dng mc bit.
CY

AC

FO

RS1

RS0

OV

CY: C nh. Trong cc php ton s hc,nu c nh t php cng bit 7 hoc
c s mn mang n bit th CY c t bng 1
AC: C nh.C nh ph(i vi m BCD).Khi cng cc gi tr BCD,nu c
mt s nh c to ra t 3 bit chuyn sang bit 4 th AC c t bng
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

1.Khi gi tr c cng l BCD,lnh cng phi c thc hin tip theo bi

lnh DA.A(hiu chnh thp phn thanh cha A) a cc kt qu ln hn
9 v gi trj ng.
F0: C 0 (C hiu lc vi cc mc ch chung ca ngi s dng)
RS1: Bit 1 iu khin chn bng thanh ghi.
RS0: Bit 0 iu khin chn bng thanh ghi.
Lu : RS0, RS1 c t/xa bng phn mm xc nh bng thanh ghi
hot ng (Chn bng thanh ghi bng cch t trng thi cho 2 bit ny)
RS1

RS0

Bank 0

Bank 1

Bank 2

Bank 3

Bng 3. Chn bng thanh ghi

0 V: C trn. Khi thc hin cc php ton cng hoc tr m xut hin mt

trn s hc, th ov c t bng 1. Khi cc s c du c cng hoc c

tr, phn mm c th kim tra ov xc nh xem kt qu c nm trong
tm hay khng. Vi php cng cc s khng du, ov c b qua. Kt qu
ln hn +128 hoc nh hn -127 s t OV=l.
Bit dnh cho ngi s dng t nh ngha(Nu cn).
P: C chn l. c t ng t/ xo bng phn cng trong mi chu trnh

lnh ch th s chn hay l ca bit 1 trong thanh ghi tch lu. S cc bit 1
trong A cng vi bit p lun lun l s chn.
1.3.10. Thanh ghi PCON:
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Thanh ghi iu khin ngun.

SMOD -

GF1

GF0 PD

IDL

SMOD: Bit to tc Baud gp i. Nu Timer 1 c s dng to tc

baud v SMOD=1, th tc Baud c tng ln gp i khi cng

truyn tin ni tip c dng bi cc kiu 1, 2 hoc 3.
Khng s dng, cc bit ny c th c dng cc b VXL trong tng

lai. Ngi s dng khng c php t nh ngha cho cc bit ny.

GF0, GF1: C dng cho cc mc ch chung (a mc ch).
PD: bit ngun gim. t bit ny mc tch cc vn hnh ch ngun

gim trong AT89C51. Ch c th ra khi ch bng Reset.

IDL: bit chn ch ngh. t bit ny mc tch cc vn hnh kiu

Idle (Ch khng lm vic) trong AT89C51.

Lu : Nu PD v IDL cng c kch hot cng 1 lc mc tch cc, th PD
c u tin thc hin trc. Ch ra khi ch bng 1 ngt hoc Reset li h
thng.
1.3.11. Thanh ghi IE:
Thanh ghi cho php ngt
EA: Nu EA=0, khng cho php bt c ngt no hot ng. Nu EA=1,

mi ngun ngt ring bit c php hoc khng c php hot ng

bng cch t hoc xo bit Enable ca n.
Khng dng, ngi s dng khng nn nh ngha cho Bit ny, bi v n

c th c dng cc b AT89 trong tng lai.

ET2: Bit cho php hoc khng cho php ngt b Timer 2.
ES: Bit cho php hoc khng cho php ngt cng ni tip (SPI v ART).
ET1: Bit cho php hoc khng cho php ngt trn b Timer 1
EX1: Bit cho php hoc khng cho php ngt ngoi 1.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

ETO: Bit cho php hoc khng cho php ngt trn b Timer 0
EXO: Bit cho php hoc khng cho php ngt ngoi 0.

1.3.12. Thanh ghi IP:

Thanh ghi u tin ngt.
Khng dng, ngi s dng khng nn ghi 1 vo cc Bit ny.
PT2: Xc nh mc u tin ca ngt Timer 2.
PS: nh ngha mc u tin ca ngt cng ni tip.
PT1: nh ngha mc u tin ca ngt Timer 1.
PX1: nh ngha mc u tin ca ngt ngoi 1.
PTO: nh ngha mc u tin ca ngt Timer 0.
PXO: nh ngha mc u tin ca ngt ngoi 0.

1.3.13. Thanh ghi TCON :

Thanh ghi iu khin b Timer/Counter

TF1: C trn Timer 1. c t bi phn cng khi b Timer 1 trn. c

xo bi phn cng khi b vi x l hng ti chng trnh con phc v
ngt.

TRI: Bit iu khin b Timer 1 hot ng. c t/xo bi phn mm

iu khin b Timer 1 ON/OFF

TF0: C trn Timer 0. c t bi phn cng khi b Timer 0 trn. c

xo bi phn cng khi b vi x l hng ti chng trnh con phc v

ngt.
TRO: Bit iu khin b Timer 0 hot ng. c t/xo bi phn mm

iu khin b Timer 0 ON/OFF.

IE1: C ngt ngoi 1. c t bi phn cng khi sn xung ca ngt
ngoi 1 c pht hin. c xo bi phn cng khi ngt c x l.
IT1: Bit iu khin ngt 1 to ra ngt ngoi. c t/xo bi phn

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

mm.
IEO: C ngt ngoi 0. c t bi phn cng khi sn xung ca ngt

ngoi 0 c pht hin. c xo bi phn cng khi ngt c x l.

ITO: Bit iu khin ngt 0 to ra ngt ngoi. c t/xo bi phn

mm.
1.3.14. Thanh ghi TMOD
Thanh ghi iu khin kiu Timer/Counter
GATE: Khi TRx c thit lp v GATE=1, b TIMER/COTERX hot

ng ch khi chn INTx mc cao. Khi GATE=0, TIMER/CONTERx s

hot ng ch khi TRx=l.
C/(/T): Bit ny cho php chn chc nng l Timer hay Counter.
- Bit ny c xo thc hin chc nng Timer
- Bit ny c t thc hin chc nng Counter
MO, Ml: Bit chn Mode, xc nh trng thi v kiu Timer/Counter:
- M1=0, M0=0: Chn kiu b Timer 13 bit. Trong THx di 8 bit, cn TLx

di 5 bit.
- M1=0, M0=1: Chn kiu b Timer 16 bit. THx v TLx di 16 bit c

ghp tng.
- Ml=l, M0=0: 8 bit Auto reload. Cc thanh ghi t ng np li mi khi b

trn. Khi b Timer b trn, THx di 8 bit c gi nguyn gi tr, cn gi tr np li

c a vo TLx.
- Ml = l, M0=1: Kiu phn chia b Timer. TLO l 1 b Timer/Counter 8 bit,
c iu khin bng cc bit iu khin b Timer 0, Cn THO ch l b Timer 8
bit, c iu khin bng cc bit iu khin Timer 1.
- Ml=l, M0=1: Timer/Counter 1 Stopped
1.3.15. Thanh ghi SCON:
- SCON l thanh ghi trng thi v iu khin cng ni tip. N khng nhng

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

cha cc bit chn ch , m cn cha bit d liu th 9 dnh cho vic truyn v
nhn tin (TB8 v RB8) v cha cc bit ngt cng ni tip.
SM0, SM1: L cc bt cho php chn ch cho cng truyn ni tip.
SM0

SM1

Mode

c im

Tc Baud

Thanh
dch

8 bit UART

C th thay i
(c t bi b
Timer)

9 bit UART

Fosc /64 hoc Fosc /

32

9 bit UART

C th thay i
(c t bi b
Timer)

ghi

Fosc /12

Bng 4. Chn Mode trong SCON

SM2: Cho php truyn tin a x l, th hin Mode 2 v 3. ch 2
hoc 3, nu t SM2 = 1 th RI s khng c kch hot nu bit d liu
th 9 (RB8) nhn c gi tr bng 0. Mode 1, nu SM2=1 th RI s
khng c kch hot nu bit dng c hiu lc khng c nhn,
ch o, SM2 nn bng 0.
REN: Cho php nhn ni tip. c t hoc xo bi phn mm cho
php hoc khng cho php nhn.
TB8: L bit d liu th 9 m s c truyn Mode 2 v 3. c t
hoc xo bi phn mm.
RB8: L bit d liu th 9 c nhn Mode 2 v 3. Mode 1, nu
SM2=0 th RB8 l bit dng c nhn, Mode 0, RB8 khng c s
dng.
TI: C ngt truyn. c t bi phn cng ti cui thi im ca bit th
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

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SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

8 trong Mode 0, hoc u thi im ca bit dng trong cc Mode khc,

bt k qu trnh truyn ni tip no, n cng phi c xo bng phn
mm.
RI:c ngt nhn.c t bi phn cng ti cui thi im ca bit th 8
trong mode 0,hoc gia thi im ca bit dng trong cc mode khc.
bt k qu trnh nhn ni tip no(tr trng hp ngoi l,xem SM2), n
cng phi c xa bng phn mm
2. CC TIU CHUN LA CHN B VI IU KHIN
C 4 b vi iu khin 8 bit chnh. l 6811 ca Motorola, 8051 ca Intel Z8
ca Xilog v Pic 16 ca Microchip Technology. Mi mt kiu loi trn y u
c mt tp lnh v thanh ghi ring duy nht, nu chng u khng tng thch ln
nhau. Cng c nhng b vi iu khin 16 bit v 32 bit c sn xut bi cc hng
sn xut chp khc nhau. Vi tt c nhng b vi iu khin khc nhau nh th ny
th ly g lm tiu chun la chn m cc nh thit k phi cn nhc?
2.1. Tiu chun u tin v trc ht trong la chn mt b vi iu khin l n phi
p ng nhu cu bi ton v mt mt cng sut tnh ton v gi thnh hiu qu.
Trong khi phn tch cc nhu cu ca mt d n da trn b vi iu khin chng ta
trc ht phi bit l b vi iu khin no 8 bit, 16 bit hay 32 bit c th p ng tt
nht nhu cu tnh ton ca bi ton mt cch hiu qu nht? Nhng tiu chun
c a ra cn nhc l:
Tc : Tc ln nht m b vi iu khin h tr l bao nhiu.
Kiu ng v: l ku 40 chn DIP hay QFP hay l kiu ng v khc
(DIP ng v theo 2 hng chn. QFP l ng v vung dt)? y l
iu quan trng i vi yu cu v khng gian, kiu lp rp v to mu
th cho sn phm cui cng.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[16]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Cng sut tiu th: iu ny c bit kht khe i vi nhng sn phm

dng pin, c quy.
Dung lng b nh RAM v ROM trn chp.
S chn vo ra v b nh thi trn chp
Kh nng d dng nng cp cho hiu sut cao hoc gim cng sut tiu
th.
Gi thnh cho mt n v: iu ny quan trng quyt nh gi thnh cui
cng ca sn phm m mt b vi iu khin c s dng.
2.2. Tiu chun th hai trong la chn mt b vi iu khin l kh nng pht trin
cc sn phm xung quanh n d dng nh th no? Cc cn nhc ch yu bao gm
kh nng c sn trnh lng ng, g ri, trnh bin dch ngn ng C hiu qu v m
ngun, trnh m phng h tr k thut v kh nng s dng trong nh v ngoi mi
trng. Trong nhiu trng hp s h tr nh cung cp th ba (ngha l nh cung
cp khc khng phi l hng sn xut chp) cho chp cng tt nh, nu khng c
tt hn, s h tr t nh sn xut chp.
2.3. Tiu chun th ba trong la chn mt b vi iu khin l kh nng sn sng
p ng v s lng trong hin ti v tng lai. i vi mt s nh thit k iu
ny thm ch cn quan trong hn c hai tiu chun u tin. Hin nay, cc b vi
iu khin 8 bit du u, h 8051 l c s lng ln nht cc nh cung cp a dng.
Nh cung cp c ngha l nh sn xut bn cnh nh sng ch ca b vi iu khin.
Trong trng hp 8051 th nh sng ch ca n l Intel, nhng hin nay c rt
nhiu hng sn xut n (cng nh trc kia sn xut).
Cc hng ny bao gm: Intel, Atmel, Philips/signe-tics, AMD, Siemens, Matra
v Dallas, Semicndictior.
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[17]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

3. LED 7 ON V LED N
3.1.Cc khi nim c bn
Trong cc thit b, bo trng thi hot ng ca thit b cho ngi s dng
vi thng s ch l cc dy s n thun, thng ngi ta s dng "led 7 on".
Led 7 on c s dng khi cc dy s khng i hi qu phc tp, ch cn hin
th s l , chng hn led 7 on c dng hin th nhit phng, trong cc
ng h treo tng bng in t, hin th s lng sn phm c kim tra sau mt
cng on no ...
Led 7 on c cu to bao gm 7 led n c dng thanh xp theo hnh v c
thm mt led n hnh trn nh th hin du chm trn gc di, bn phi ca
led 7 on. 8 led n trn led 7 on c Anode(cc +) hoc Cathode(cc -) c
ni chung vi nhau vo mt im, c a chn ra ngoi kt ni vi mch
in. 8 cc cn li trn mi led n c a thnh 8 chn ring, cng c a ra
ngoi kt ni vi mch in.
Led 7 on c 2 loi:
Anode (cc +) chung: u (+) chung ny c ni vi +Vcc, cc chn cn
li dng iu khin trng thi sng tt ca cc led n, led ch sng khi tn
hiu t vo cc chn ny mc 0.
Cathode (cc -) chung: u( -) chung c ni xung Ground (hay Mass),
cc chn cn li dng iu khin trng thi sng tt ca cc led n, led
ch sng khi tn hiu t vo cc chn ny mc 1.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[18]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Hin th LED 7 thanh l phn t hin th thng dng, hin th cc phn t

s t 0 n 9 trong mt s h thp phn. N gm 7 thanh xp thnh hnh s 8, mi
thanh l mt diode ( LED ) pht quang hoc hin th tinh th lng. iode thng
c cu to t cc cht Ga, As, P n cng c tnh cht chnh lu nh diode
thng. Nhng khi in p thun t nn diode vt qu mc ngng U ng no
th diode sng. in p ngng thay i t 1,5 n 5 v tu theo tng loi c mu
sc khc nhau.
LED mu c in p ngng Ung = 1,6 n 2 v
LED mu cam c in p ngng Ung = 2,2 n 3 v
LED mu xanh l cy c in p ngng Ung = 2,8 n 3,2 v
LED mu vng c in p ngng Ung = 2,4 n3, 2 v
LED mu xanh ra tri c in p ngng Ung = 3 n 5 v
Thit k b gii m hin th cho LED 7 thanh vi tn hiu u vo l m BCD

Dng ch th led 7 on:

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[19]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

V led 7 on cha bn trong n cc led n, do khi kt ni cn m bo dng

qua mi led n trong khong 10mA-20mA bo v led. Nu kt ni vi ngun
5V c th hn dng bng in tr 220 trc cc chn nhn tn hiu iu khin.
Cc in tr 220 l cc in tr bn ngoi c kt ni gii hn dng in
qua led nu led 7 on c ni vi ngun 5V.
Chn nhn tn hiu a iu khin led a sng tt, ng vo b iu khin led b.
Tng t vi cc chn v cc led cn li.
3.2. Kt ni vi vi iu khin
Ng nhn tn hiu iu khin ca led 7 on c 8 ng, v vy c th dng 1
Port no ca Vi iu khin iu khin led 7 on. Nh vy led 7 on nhn
mt d liu 8 bit t Vi iu khin iu khin hot ng sng tt ca tng led led
n trong n, d liu c xut ra iu khin led 7 on thng c gi l "m
hin th led 7 on". C hai kiu m hin th led 7 on: m dnh cho led 7 on c
Anode(cc +) chung v m dnh cho led 7 on c Cathode(cc -) chung. Chng
hn, hin th s 1 cn lm cho cc led v tr b v c sng, nu s dng led 7
on c Anode chung th phi t vo hai chn b v c in p l 0V(mc 0) cc
chn cn li c t in p l 5V(mc 1), nu s dng led 7 on c Cathode
chung th in p(hay mc logic) hon ton ngc li, tc l phi t vo chn b
v c in p l 5V(mc 1).
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[20]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Bng m hin th led 7 on( led 7 on anot chung: led n sng mc 0)

S hin th trn
led 7 on

M hin th led 7
on dng nh phn

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

hgfedcba
11000000
11111001
10100100
10110000
10011001
10010010
11000010
11111000
10000000
10010000
10001000
10000011
11000110
10100001
10000110
10111111

M hin th led 7
on dng thp lc
phn
C0
F9
A4
B0
99
92
82
F8
80
90
88
83
C6
A1
86
8E

Bng 5: M hin th led 7 on dnh cho led 7 on canot chung(cc led n sng
mc 1)
S hin th trn
led 7 on

M hin th led 7
on dng nh phn

0
1
2
3
4

hgfedcba
00111111
00000110
01011011
01001111
01100110

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[21]

M hin th led 7
on dng thp lc
phn
3F
06
5B
4F
66
SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng
Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

01101101
01111101
00000111
01111111
01101111
01110111
01111100
00111001
01011110
01111001
01110001

6D
7D
07
7F
6F
77
7C
39
5E
79
71

Phn cng c kt ni vi 1 Port bt k ca Vi iu khin, thun tin cho vic

x l v sau phn cng nn c kt ni nh sau: Px.0 ni vi chn a, Px.1 ni vi
chn b, ln lt theo th t cho n Px.7 ni vi chn h.
D liu xut c dng nh phn nh sau : hgfedcba
T bng chc nng lp bng karnaught cho 7 hm rat a c kt qu:
a = AB

C D

b=

A B

c=

A BC D

CD +

A B

A BC D

d = AB

C D

e = AB

C D

+ AB C

f = AB

C D

g=

A B C D

CD

A B

C D + ABC D
D

A BC D

A B

C D + A B C D + ABC D

+ AB C

+ ABC D + A B

+ ABC D

C D

4. GIAO TIP VI IU KHIN VI LED 7 ON

Nu kt ni mi mt Port ca Vi iu khin vi 1 led 7 on th ti a kt ni
c 4 led 7 on. Mt khc nu kt ni nh trn s hn ch kh nng thc hin
cc cng vic khc ca Vi iu khin. Cho nn cn phi kt ni, iu khin nhiu
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[22]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

led 7 on vi s lng chn iu khin t Vi iu khin cng t cng tt. C hai

gii php: mt l s dng cc IC chuyn dng cho vic hin th led 7 on, hai l
kt ni nhiu led 7 on vo cng mt ng xut tn hiu hin th.
kt ni nhiu led 7 on vo vi iu khin, ta thc hin phng php qut
led: ni tt c cc chn nhn tn hiu ca tt c cc led 7 on (chn abcdefgh) cn
s dng vo cng 1 Port, y, 8 led 7 on c cc chn nhn tn hiu cng c
c ni vi P0. Dng cc ng ra cn li ca Vi iu khin iu khin on/off cho
led 7 on, mi ng ra iu khin ON/OFF cho 1 led 7 on,(ON: led 7 on c
cp ngun hin th, OFF: led 7 on b ngt ngun nn khng hin th c).
Ti mi thi im, ch nn cho Vi iu khin iu khin cho 1 led 7 on hot
ng, do ti mi thi im ch nn c 1 ng ra duy nht ni vi transitor mc
1. Ti mi thi im ch c mt led 7 on c ON nn s khng xy ra tnh trng
qu ti cho ti v qu ti cho vi iu khin khi iu khin nhiu led 7 on.
Da vo hin tng lu nh trn vng mc, do mng li ca mt vn cn lu
gi nh d nh sng kch thch khng cn na ta cho mi led hin th 24 ln/ 1 s.
Khi mt s cm nhn l hnh nh lin tc.
4.1. KHI GII M
4.1.1. Gii m thp phn sang m BCD
Mch gii m l mch c n u vo v 2 n u ra . B gii m cng l cc b bin
i m , chng bin i t cc m nh phn BCD sang m nh phn hay m 7 on.
xc nh b gi m chng c th p dng phng php thit k logic c bn.
Hin nay ngi ta khng dng phng php trn m thng dng cc vi mch gii
m c sn trn th trng.
Gii m BCD sang m 7 on:
M nh phn BCD c chuyn sang thp phn v hin th cc s thp
phn bng 7 on tng ng vi mi t hp xc nh .Cc thanh sng hin
th cho ta mt ch s h 10.
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[23]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Cc on a , b , c , d , e , f , g c th l :n LED mc ant chung hoc

katt chung c ni qua cc in tr gii hn dng ti u ra ph hp
ca b gii m.
Trong thc t ngi ta ch to sncc vi mch giI m nh phn ra
m 7 an nh :
Cc vi mch 7448 , 74LS48 , 7449 , 74LS49 l cc IC giI m 7 on c li ra
tc ng mc cao , ta c th ding chung gii m t m BCD ra thp phn Quy
lut hin th cc ch s thp phn ca cc vi mch ny v c bn l ging nhau nh
bng chn l sau, ch khc i cht l s 6 khng dng thanh a v s 9 khng dng
thanh d .
S thp M BCD u vo
phn
D

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

u ra m 7 thanh
A

[24]

a b c d e f g

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

0 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 0 1 1 0

1 1 1 1 0 0

0 1 1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 0 1

Cc vi mch gii m 7 on 7447A, 74L47, 74S47 l cc vi mch 16 chn, s

6 v s 9 ch c 5 thanh sng ging nh 7448, 7449. Vi mch c li ra tc ng
thp ( mc 0 ) nn n ch th 7 on c ant chung.
5. TNG QUAN V H THNG IU KHIN TN HIU GIAO THNG.
5.1.Yu cu v mc ch ca h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng.
Trc tnh hnh phng tin tham gia giao thng ngy cng gia tng khng
ngng v h thng giao thng ngy cng phc tp. Chnh l do ny dn n tnh
trng n tc v tai nn giao thng ngy cng gia tng. V vy m bo giao
thng c an ton v thng sut th vic s dng cc h thng tn hiu iu
khin v phn lung ti cc nt giao thng l rt cn thit. Vi tm quan trng nh
vy h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng cn m bo nhng yu cu sau:
-

m bo trong qu trnh hot ng mt cch chnh xc v lin tc.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[25]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

- tin cy cao.
- m bo lm vic n nh, lu di.
5.2. Mt s h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng.
5.2.1. H thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng u tin cho ngi i b.
H thng hot ng nh sau:
- trng thi bnh thng n bo trn tuyn ng t lun trng thi xanh.
- Khi ngi i b mun qua ng, ngi i b phi nhn vo nt nhn nm
trn ct n dnh cho ngi i b.
- Sau khi nhn nt xin ng h thng n bo trn tuyn ng c m t
bng gin thi gian sau.

5.2.2. H thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng cho ng t.

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[26]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

H thng theo yu cu c hot ng nh sau:

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[27]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Ta gi s rng xt thi im ban u n xanh ti v tr A v C sng cho php

cc phng tin v ngi i b i theo chiu t A sang C v ngc li ng thi lc
ny n ti cc v tr B v D sng khng cho cc phng tin lu i theo chiu
t B sang D v ngc li. Sau mt khong thi gian n xanh ti v tr A v C v
n ti B v D tt ng thi n vng ti cc v tr sng v n ti v tr dnh
cho ngi i b nhp nhy sau mt khong thi gian n vng tt n vng ti v tr
A v C sng n xanh ti v tr B v D sng lc ny xanh cho ngi i b ti
A v C sang, cho ngi i b ti B v D sng. Sau khi ti B v D sng. Sau
khi ti A v D v xanh ti B v D tt n vng li sng. ch ban m ch c
n vng.
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[28]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

CHNG 2: THIT K PHN CNG V CHNG TRNH IU

KHIN
1. Mch dao ng v mch Reset:

Hnh 3.1 Mch dao ng v mch Reset

1.1. Mch dao ng
Tinh th thch anh (Quartz Crytal) l loi trong m trong thin nhin, chnh l
dioxyt silicium (SiO2).
Tinh th thch anh dng trong mch dao ng l mt lt mng c ct ra t tinh
th. Ty theo mt ct m lt thch anh c c tnh khc nhau. Lt thch anh c din
tch t nh hn 1cm2 n vi cm2 c mi rt mng, phng (vi mm) v 2 mt tht
song song vi nhau. Hai mt ny c m kim loi v ni chn ra ngoi d s
dng.

Hnh 3.2 Hnh dng thch anh

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[29]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

c tnh ca tinh th thch anh l tnh p in (Piezoelectric Effect) theo khi ta

p mt lc vo 2 mt ca lt thch anh (nn hoc ko dn) th s xut hin mt in
th xoay chiu gia 2 mt. Ngc li di tc dng ca mt in th xoay chiu,
lt thch anh s rung mt tn s khng i v nh vy to ra mt in th xoay
chiu c tn s khng i. Tn s rung ng ca lt thch anh ty thuc vo kch
thc ca n c bit l dy mt ct. Khi nhit thay i, tn s rung ng ca
thch anh cng thay i theo nhng vn c n nh tt hn rt nhiu so vi cc
mch dao ng khng dng thch anh (tn s dao ng gn nh ch ty thuc vo
thch anh m khng l thuc mch ngoi).
1.2.Mch Reset
Chn Reset (chn 9) c tc dng reset chip AT89C51, mc tch cc ca chn ny l
mc 1, reset ta phi a mc 1 (5V) n chn ny vi thi gian ti thiu 2 chu
k my (tng ng 2 S i vi thch anh 12MHz).
Tn s lm vic AT89C51

f TA
12

Chu k my = thi gian s l 1 lnh: T =

1
f

Khi reset th trng thi ca RAM ni khng thay i, bng trng thi ca cc thanh
ghi khi reset.
1.3.Mch hin th m ngc LED 7 on

Hnh 3.3 Hnh dng in tr thanh

Vic gii m nh phn sang led 7 on iu c thc hin trn vi iu khin. Led 7
on c ni theo kiu anode chung, ngha l: chn ngun chung ca led c
ni ln dng ngun. Led hot ng vi dng ti thiu l 20mA. S dng port
(P0): P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, P0.4, P0.5, P0.6, P0.7. Vi cc chn iu khin hot
ng thng qua cc transistor NPN C2383 iu khin hot ng ch bo ha
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[30]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

cung cp dng cho LED sng. Transistor NPN C2383 c ni vi port (P3) ca vi
iu khin c chc nng khuych i dng cho led hot ng bnh thng.

Hnh 3.3 S mch hin th m ngc

1. 4. Mch hin th LED n

P2.0: Ni vi n xanh ng 1 .
P2.1: Ni vi n vng ng 1.
P2.2: Ni vi n ng 1.
P2.3: Ni vi n i b ng 1
P2.4: Ni vi n xanh ng 2.
P2.5: Ni vi n vng ng 2.
P2.6: Ni vi n ng 2.
P2.7: Ni vi n i b 2
S dng cc led n ni cathode chung. Cn cc chn anode th c ni vo in
tr R. V n c iu khin bi cc chn P2.0, P2.1, P2.2, P2.3
V LED n c dng hot ng khong 10mA tr ln nn ta c th chn in tr R
sao cho ph hp.
Ngun c cp: Vcc = +5V.
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[31]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

in p phn cc thun ca cc LED:

Led xanh

: Vx = 2V 2.8V.

Led vng

: Vv = 2V- 2.5V.

Led

: Vd = 1.4V- 1.8V.

Mch hin th led n

1.5.S kt ni cc khi:

Khi Nt
Bm,

Khi iu
Khin

Khi Hin
Th

Set v

Khi Ngun

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[32]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

- Chc nng tng khi:

Khi nt bm
Hiu chnh thi gian tn hiu n hin th
Reset tn hiu hin th v ban u
Khi ngun

Khi ngun cung cp ngun cho c mch vi x l v mch hin th. y ta ch

dng ngun 5v
Khi vi x l
Khi vi x l c nhim v x l a ra tn hiu iu khin cc n sng
chnh xc iu khin cc phng tin giao thng i ng lut.
Khi hin th
Hin th thi gian cc n bo hiu lnh giao thng: c php i, i chm,
dng. ch th cc phng tin giao thng,cng ngi i b thc hin theo
quy nh

1.6.Lu thut ton:

1.6.1Tun t hot ng
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[33]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Begin

Xanh AC 25s,
BD 25s

BD 5s,
Vng AC 5s

AC 25s,
Xanh BD 25s

Vng BD 5s,
AC 5s

END

1.6.2.Lu thut ton

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[34]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

2.Thit k phn cng

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[35]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

2.1.S nguyn l mch iu khin

2.2.Thi cng
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[36]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

2.2.1.S b tr linh kin

2.2.2.S i dy board mch:

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[37]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Hnh nh thc t board mch iu khin :

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[38]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

3.Phn lp trnh
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[39]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

$INCLUDE(REG51.INC)
ORG 0000H
MAIN:
MOV 7EH,#15 ;NAP GIA TRI DEM MAC DINH
MOV 7FH,#10
MAIN1:
CALL CTA; CHAY DO 1 - XANH 2
CALL CTB; CHAY DO 1 - VANG 2
CALL CTC; CHAY XANH 1 - DO 2
CALL CTD; CHAY VANG 1 - DO 2
JMP MAIN1
; ***************************
CTA:

; HIEN THI DO 1 - XANH 2 - DO DI BO 2

MOV A,#10010100B
MOV P2,A; CHO HIEN THI MA LED DON
MOV R0,7EH; GIA TRI DEM DO 1=30S
MOV R1,7FH; GIA TRI DEM XANH 1=25S

NEXT1:

;LED 7 THANH DEM LUI

CALL HT ; GOI CHUONG TRINH HIEN THI
DEC R0; GIAM BIEN DEM
DEC R1
JNB P1.0,BAN_DEM

JNB P1.1,SETUP
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[40]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

CJNE R1,#0,NEXT1
RET
;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
CTB:; HIEN THI DO 1 - VANG 2 5S
MOV A,#10100100B
MOV P2,A
MOV R0,#5; GIA TRI DEM
MOV R1,#5
JNB P1.0,BAN_DEM
JNB P1.1,SETUP
NEXT2:
CALL HT ; GOI CHUONG TRINH HIEN THI
DEC R0; GIAM BIEN DEM
DEC R1
JNB P1.0,BAN_DEM
JNB P1.1,SETUP
CJNE R0,#0,NEXT2
RET
;**********************
CTC: ;D0 2 XANH 1 DO DI BO 1
MOV A,#01001001B
MOV P2,A
MOV R0,7FH; GIA TRI DEM DEN 1
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[41]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

MOV R1,7EH
NEXT3:
CALL HT ; GOI CHUONG TRINH HIEN THI
DEC R0; GIAM BIEN DEM
DEC R1
CJNE R0,#0,NEXT3
RET
;**********************
CTD:
MOV A,#01001010B
MOV P2,A
MOV R0,#5; GIA TRI DEM DEN 1
MOV R1,#5
NEXT4:
CALL HT ; GOI CHUONG TRINH HIEN THI
DEC R0; GIAM BIEN DEM
DEC R1
CJNE R0,#0,NEXT4
RET
;*******KIEM TRA BAN PHIM*****
KIEM_TRA:
JNB P1.0,BAN_DEM
JNB P1.1,SETUP
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[42]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

JMP MAIN1
BAN_DEM:
JB P1.0,KIEM_TRA
MOV P3,#0FFH
MOV P0,#0C0H
MOV P2,#20H
ACALL DELAY1
MOV P2,#02H
ACALL DELAY1
JMP BAN_DEM
SETUP:
JNB P1.0,BAN_DEM
MOV R0,7EH;
MOV R1,7FH
CALL HT ;
JNB P1.2,TANG_SO
JNB P1.3,GIAM_SO
JNB P1.1,SETUP
JMP MAIN121
TANG_SO: ACALL DELAY011
INC 7EH
INC 7FH
MOV R0,7EH; GIA TRI DEM HIEN TAI
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[43]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

MOV R1,7FH
MOV A,7EH
CJNE A,#99,HT;CHUA = 99 THI GOI CT HIEN THI
CALL MAIN
JB P1.1,MAIN121
GIAM_SO:
ACALL DELAY011
DEC 7EH
DEC 7FH
MOV R0,7EH; GIA TRI DEM HIEN TAI
MOV R1,7FH
MOV A,7FH
CJNE A,#00H,HT
CALL MAIN
JB P1.1,MAIN121
JMP SETUP
MAIN121: ACALL MAIN1
;******* CHUONG TRINH HIEN THI LED 7 DOAN**************
HT:
MOV R7,#25

; SO LAN QUET

QUET:
MOV A,R0;
MOV B,#10;
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[44]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

DIV AB

n Tch Hp Mc 1

;CHIA PHAN NGUYEN VAO A PHAN DU VAO B

MOV DPTR,#MALED
MOV R2,A
MOV A,B
MOVC A,@A+DPTR ;LAY MA LED 7 DOAN CUA PHAN DU
MOV P0,A
SETB P3.6

;BAT HIEN THI TREN LED DON VI

CALL DELAY;
CLR P3.6
MOV A,R2

; TRA LAI GIA TRI PHAN NGUYEN

MOVC A,@A+DPTR ; LAY MA LED 7 DOAN CUA PHAN NGUYEN

MOV P0,A
SETB P3.7
CALL DELAY
CLR P3.7
;****************************************************duong 2
MOV A,R1
MOV B,#10
DIV AB

; CHIA PHAN NGUYEN VAO A PHAN DU VAO B

MOV DPTR,#MALED
MOV R2,A ; CAT PHAN NGUYEN VAO THANH GHI A DUA GIA TRI
PHAN DU HIEN THI TRUOC
MOV A,B
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[45]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

MOVC A,@A+DPTR ;LAY MA LED 7 DOAN CUA PHAN DU

MOV P0,A
SETB P3.4

;BAT HIEN THI TREN LED

CALL DELAY
CLR P3.4
MOV A,R2

;TRA LAI GIA TRI PHAN NGUYEN

MOVC A,@A+DPTR ; LAY MA LED 7 DOAN CUA PHAN NGUYEN

MOV P0,A
SETB P3.5
CALL DELAY
CLR P3.5
JNB P1.2,TANG_SO
JNB P1.3,GIAM_SO
DJNZ R7,QUET
RET
;********************CHUONG TRINH DELAY********
DELAY011:
MOV R3,#10
DELAY01:
CALL DELAY
DJNZ R3,DELAY01
RET
DELAY: ; HAM DELAY 10ms
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[46]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

MOV R4,#100
STOP:
MOV R5,#50
DJNZ R5,$
DJNZ R4,STOP
RET
DELAY1: HAM DELAY 1S
MOV R6,#20
MOV TMOD,#01h
LAP:
MOV TH0,#3Ch
MOV TL0,#0B0h
SETB TR0
JNB TF0,$
CLR TR0
CLR TF0
DJNZ R6,LAP
RET
MALED:
DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90H
END

M phng
GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[47]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

n Tch Hp Mc 1

[48]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

PHN TNG KT

Trong thi gian thc hin ti, vi s ch bo gip tn tnh ca c HONG

TH HNG, n nay ti: thit k v ch to h thng iu khin tn hiu
giao thng cho ng t c hon thnh. Chng em c gng vn dng
nhng kin thc c hc gii quyt nhng yu cu ca ti
Tuy nhin do thi gian v kin thc cn hn ch trong nhiu vn nn trong qu
trnh thc hin vn cn nhng thiu st v hn ch. Chng em rt mong nhn c
kin v gp ca cc thy c trong khoa v tng thit k cng nh m hnh
sn phm cu chng em sn phm c hon thin hn.
Cui cng chng em xin cm n qu thy c to iu kin tt nht chng em
c th hon thnh ti trong thi gian sm nht.

Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Hng yn, ngy. thng 4 nm 2015

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[49]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in- in T

n Tch Hp Mc 1

Ti liu tham kho

1. Cu trc v lp trnh vi iu khin Nguyn Tng Cng , Phan Quc Thng
2. Gio trnh vi iu khin - Trng HSPKT Hng Yn
3. Trang web ientuvienthong.name

GVHD:Hong Th Hng

[50]

SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Tng

Phm Vn Tng