INPUT DATA & SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

BANIA DEVI BRIDGE @ CH.4/440, HP (HEIGHT 13.72M)

PROJECT:
CHECKED BY:
LOAD CASE:

BANIA DEVI BRIDGE @ CH.4/440, HP (HEIGHT 13.72M)

ALOK
SEISMIC LOAD CASE

JOB NO: ECE-162

9/12/2015
DATE:

1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT:

Bridge type:
Total length of bridge:
Span arrangement:
Type of superstructure:
Type of abutments:
Type of piers:
Type of foundations:
Formation level:
HFL:
Volocity of flow at HFL
Volocity of flow at scour level
Scour level (abutments):
Scour level (piers):
Ground levels
Founding level (abutments):
Founding level (piers):
Net SBC considered:
Depth of superstructure:
Thickness of abutment wall:
Thickness/diameter of pier:
Thickness of return wall:
Type of bearing:

Simply supported PSC box girder supported over RCC abutment & foundations
65m between C/L of bearings
Single span of 65m (between C/L of bearings)
PSC box girder
RCC wall type with return walls
No piers
Open
considered for design purpose, refer GAD for actual value
892.220 m
with respect to formation level given above
885.720 m
5.000
m/sec
0.000
m/sec
conservative side due to presence of rock
880.500 m
no piers
982.600 m
Lowest bed level is 881.5m
considered for design purpose
878.500 m
no piers
979.600 m
SEISMIC LOAD CASE
75.000
t/m2
4000mm including deck slab
refer sketch below
1.500
mm
no piers
2.500
mm
refer sketch below
1000mm
POT-cum-PTFE bearings

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

<<< hidden rows

2. LOADS, FACTORS, COEFFICIENTS & ECCENTRICITIES:

DL reaction (one end)
SIDL reaction (one end)
LL reaction (one end)
Impact Factor (I.F) for Class-A vehicles
Impact Factor (I.F) for Class-70R wheeled vehicles
Impact Factor (I.F.) for Class-70R tracked vehicles
Lane Reduction Factor (R.F) for live loads
Fraction of LL to be considered, FLLreduction
Dead load reaction for span dislodgement condition
Coefficient of friction for horizontal loads on abutment, ma
Coefficient of friction for horizontal loads on pier, mp
Live load reaction for no live load condition
Eccentricity of vertical load w.r.t. C/L of abutment shaft, eL
Transverse eccentricity of live loads w.r.t. C/L of bridge, eT
Horizontal seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction, hL
Horizontal seismic coefficient in transverse direction, hT
Vertical seismic coefficient, v
0.30* (2/3)*ahL
Coefficient 'K' to calculate water pressure

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

700.000
100.000
70.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.500
0.000
0.100
0.100
0.000
0.150
0.250
0.1875
0.0563
0.0375
1.500

ton
ton
ton

(FULL LOAD OF CLASS-70R TAKEN CONSERVATIVELY)

(as per clause 208 of IRC: 6- 2010)
(as per clause 208 of IRC: 6- 2010)
(as per clause 208 of IRC: 6- 2010)
(as per clause 205 of IRC: 6- 2010)
(applicable under seismic conditions per IRC: 6- 2010)

ton
(as per clause 211 of IRC: 6- 2010)
(no piers)

ton
m
m

(in the longitudinal direction)

(in the transverse direction)
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)

0.30* ahL

(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)

(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
(as per clause 210 of IRC:6-2010)

3. <<< SERIAL NO.3 NOT USED

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

4. PROPERTIES OF BACKFILL MATERIAL & SUB-SURFACE SOIL:

(FOR DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT, PIER & FOUNDATION)

Bulk density of soil, gs

Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka

0.400

Allowable net safe bearing capacity of soil, qnet

75.000

t/m2
2

2.000

t/m3

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(backfill soil behind abutment)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(sub-surface soil)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(sub-surface soil, conservative)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

Allowable groos bearing capacity of soil, qgross

(net SBC + weight of overburden soil)
Factor "Fep" to increase earth pressure

75.000

1.000

(as per any site specific condition)

Factor "Fcg" to increase the height of CG of earth pressure

1.000

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

Factor "Frw" to reduce the forces in return wall

0.600

(as return wall is not a cantilever, it is supoorted on two sides)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

0.750

Live load surcharge (UDL) at carriageway level

2.400

t/m

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

t/m2

(to calculate earth pressure due to LL surcharge)

(equivalent to 1.2m height of earthfill as per clause 710.4.4 of IRC: 78- 2000)

5. CONCRETE & STEEL DESIGN PARAMETERS:

(FOR DESIGN OF RCC SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION)

Effc.cover to foundation/substructure reinforcement, ceffective

Density of concrete, gc
Grade of concrete
Permissible flexural compressive stress in concrete, scb
Grade of steel
Permissible stress in tension steel, sst

=
=
=
=
=

Permissible stress in compression steel, ssc

Actual %age of steel provided at section of shear check (toe slab of

75.000
2.500
M30
15.000
Fe500
360.00
307.50

0.380

0.390

Actual %age of steel provided at section of shear check (return wall)

0.530

Corresponding permissible shear stress in concrete (return wall)

Actual %age of steel provided at section of shear check (pier

0.465

0.200

0.300

10

abutment foundation)

Corresponding permissible shear stress in concrete (toe slab of

abutment foundation)

foundation)

Corresponding permissible shear stress in concrete (pier foundation)

Modular ratio, m

6. FACTORS FOR OVERTURNING & SLIDING:

Required F.O.S against overturning
Required F.O.S against sliding
Coefficient of friction for sliding check, f
(between sub-surface soil and concrete)

mm

(to tension & compression steel)

t/m

(as per clause 203 of IRC: 6- 2010)

(for substructure & foundation)

N/mm2

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(as per table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

(for substructure & foundation)

(as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

N/mm
N/mm

(100*Ast/bd)
2

N/mm

Required
Ast(%age) =

Required
Ast(%age) =

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

0.450

(as per table 12B of IRC: 21- 2000)

(100*Ast/bd)

N/mm2

0.215

(as per table 12B of IRC: 21- 2000)

(100*Ast/bd)

N/mm2

Required
Ast(%age) =

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

1.539

(as per table 12B of IRC: 21- 2000)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(as per note below table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

(FOR DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT & FOUNDATION)

=
=
=

1.500
1.250
0.500

(clause 706.3.4 of IRC: 78- 2000)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(clause 706.3.4 of IRC: 78- 2000)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

(clause 706.3.4 of IRC: 78- 2000)

SEISMIC LOAD CASE

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

7. ABUTMENT DIMENSIONS & DETAILS:

t1

Wing wall

(dimensions & levels given below are in meter)

C/L of bearing/shaft
= 0.500
Lv1 = 892.220 (Formation Level)

Thickness, t4 = 0.300
h1 =
B4

h5 =

0.000

0.000
h6 =
0.000

4.565
h2 =

0.50

Lcg = 890.720

Dirt wall

t2=
V

Lv3 = 887.655

0.000
h3 =

(Level at C.G)

Lv2 = 888.155

(Top of Cap)

0.500

(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)

(Top of Bearing)

Superstructure

h4 =

Abutment cap

1.000
B3

B2 = 2.175
B1 = 1.500

5.750

10.520

13.720

Abutment shaft (front wall)

Total height of bearing & pedestal, h =
Eccenrticity of abutment shaft w.r.t. its C/L =
Depth, D4 (at the section of shear check) =

L2 (heel slab)

L1

6.000

Footing width considered for structural design, b =

Ecc.of central part(L1) w.r.t.c/l of abutment shaft =
Eff.depth of return wall at section of shear check =
Abutment return wall
Lv4 = 881.700
L3 (toe slab)

4.500

0.500
0.000
2.193
1.000
0.000
0.925

m
m
m
m
m
m

(Top of Foundation)

Lv5 = 878.500

D2

D1 = 3.200

1.250
6.750

D3= 1.750

Founding Level

3.200

5.250
12.000

SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF ABUTMENT

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

C/L of bearing/shaft
L2 = 6.000

1.000 m (thickness of return wall at top)

L3

4.500
1.250
L1 = 1.500
t3 = 1.000

(same as B1)

t3 = 1.000
4.500

Return wall
(average thickness)

B1 = 1.500

W= 9.000

(average thickness)

w=
6.500

Return wall
Abutment shaft (front wall)

t3 = 1.000

1.000 m (thickness of return wall at bottom)

Foundation

1.250

SECTION OF RETURN WALL

B3

0.250

5.750

PLAN OF FOOTING
Height of earthfill on front side of abutment
(over length L3 of footing)
Height of earthfill on back side of abutment
(over lengths L1 & L2 of footing)

LOAD CASES CONSIDERED:

2.000

6.000

(on footing projections beyond return walls)

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

ONLY DEAD LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE
SPAN DISLODGEMENT CONDITION, SEISMIC CASE

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

7.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR ABUTMENT DESIGN:

(REFER ABUTMENT DESIGN ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES)

Abutment shaft (front wall)(reinforcement calculations given separately on the following pages)
Abutment shaft reinforcement (earth face)
(Provide 2x85 nos. 32 dia.bars)
Abutment shaft reinforcement (outside face)
(Provide 85 nos. 16 dia.bars)
Return wall tension reinforcement (earth face, given below)

Ast, required =

(PER UNIT WIDTH)

4162 mm2
Provide 25mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c

Return wall compression reinforcement (outside face, given below)

Asc, required =

mm2

(PER UNIT WIDTH)

Abutment return wall

Compression reinforcement in toe slab (given below)

Asc, required =

mm2

Tension reinforcement in toe slab (given below) =

Tension reinforcement in heel slab (given below)

(PER UNIT WIDTH)

2
(PER UNIT WIDTH)
4563 mm
Provide 32mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c

(PER UNIT WIDTH)

2525 mm2
Provide 25mm+20mm dia bars @ 200mm c/c

Ast, required =

Compression reinforcement in heel slab (given below)

Asc, required =

mm2

(PER UNIT WIDTH)

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

7.1.1 LOAD CASE:

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

7.1.1.1 CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:

Factor of safety against overturning, MR/MO

=
=

2.94
1.50

=
=

1.43
1.25

56.70

t/m2

Gross bearing capacity of soil, qgross

=
Hence maximum base pressure is less than gross SBC of soil, Hence OK
Minimum base pressure, smin
=
Hence minimum base pressure is more than zero, Hence OK
7.1.1.4 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION TOE SLAB:
Area of required compression steel (toe slab), Asc
=

75.00

t/m2

0.97

t/m2

mm2/m width

Area of required tension steel (toe slab), Ast

4563

mm2/m width

Required factor of safety against overturning

Which is less than the available F.O.S, Hence OK
7.1.1.2 CHECK FOR SLIDING:
Factor of safety against sliding, HR/HS
Required factor of safety against sliding
Which is less than the available F.O.S, Hence OK
7.1.1.3 BASE PRESSURE CHECK:
Maximum base pressure, smax

7.1.1.5 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION TOE SLAB:

=
0.287
Design shear stress (toe slab)
Actual percentage of steel at section of shear check (toe slab)
=
0.380
=
0.390
Permissible shear stress in concrete (toe slab)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
7.1.1.6 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION HEEL SLAB:
Area of required compression steel (heel slab), Asc
=
0
Area of required tension steel (heel slab), Ast

2498

7.1.1.7 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION HEEL SLAB:

=
0.165
Design shear stress (heel slab)
Actual %age of steel at section of shear check (heel slab)
=
0.380
=
0.390
Permissible shear stress in concrete (heel slab)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
7.1.1.8 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN RETURN WALL:
Area of required compression steel (return wall), Asc
=
0
Area of required tension steel (return wall), Ast

23933

N/mm2
%
N/mm2

mm /m width
mm2/m width
N/mm2
%
2

N/mm

mm2 in entire width

2

mm in entire width

7.1.1.9 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN RETURN WALL:

=
0.299
=
0.530
=
0.465
Permissible shear stress in concrete (return wall)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
Design shear stress (return wall)
Actual %age of steel at section of shear check (return wall)

N/mm2
%
N/mm2

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

7.1.2 LOAD CASE:

ONLY DEAD LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

7.1.2.1 CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:

Factor of safety against overturning, MR/MO

=
=

2.91
1.50

=
=

1.41
1.25

56.15

t/m2

Gross bearing capacity of soil, qgross

=
Hence maximum base pressure is less than gross SBC of soil, Hence OK
Minimum base pressure, smin
=
Hence minimum base pressure is more than zero, Hence OK
7.1.2.4 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION TOE SLAB:
Area of required compression steel (toe slab), Asc
=

75.00

t/m2

0.84

t/m2

mm2/m width

Area of required tension steel (toe slab), Ast

4514

mm2/m width

Required factor of safety against overturning

Which is less than the available F.O.S, Hence OK
7.1.2.2 CHECK FOR SLIDING:
Factor of safety against sliding, HR/HS
Required factor of safety against sliding
Which is less than the available F.O.S, Hence OK
7.1.2.3 BASE PRESSURE CHECK:
Maximum base pressure, smax

7.1.2.5 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION TOE SLAB:

=
0.284
Design shear stress (toe slab)
Actual percentage of steel at section of shear check (toe slab)
=
0.380
=
0.390
Permissible shear stress in concrete (toe slab)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
7.1.2.6 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION HEEL SLAB:
Area of required compression steel (heel slab), Asc
=
0
Area of required tension steel (heel slab), Ast

2525

7.1.2.7 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION HEEL SLAB:

=
0.166
Design shear stress (heel slab)
Actual %age of steel at section of shear check (heel slab)
=
0.380
=
0.390
Permissible shear stress in concrete (heel slab)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
7.1.2.8 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN RETURN WALL:
Area of required compression steel (return wall), Asc
=
0
Area of required tension steel (return wall), Ast

23933

N/mm2
%
N/mm2

mm /m width
mm2/m width
N/mm2
%
2

N/mm

mm2 in entire width

2

mm in entire width

7.1.2.9 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN RETURN WALL:

=
0.299
=
0.530
=
0.465
Permissible shear stress in concrete (return wall)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
Design shear stress (return wall)
Actual %age of steel at section of shear check (return wall)

N/mm2
%
N/mm2

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

7.1.3 LOAD CASE:

SPAN DISLODGEMENT CONDITION, SEISMIC CASE

7.1.3.1 CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:

Factor of safety against overturning, MR/MO

=
=

3.31
1.50

=
=

1.30
1.25

35.26

t/m2

Gross bearing capacity of soil, qgross

=
Hence maximum base pressure is less than gross SBC of soil, Hence OK
Minimum base pressure, smin
=
Hence minimum base pressure is more than zero, Hence OK
7.1.3.4 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION TOE SLAB:
Area of required compression steel (toe slab), Asc
=

75.00

t/m2

6.36

t/m2

mm2/m width

Area of required tension steel (toe slab), Ast

2759

mm2/m width

Required factor of safety against overturning

Which is less than the available F.O.S, Hence OK
7.1.3.2 CHECK FOR SLIDING:
Factor of safety against sliding, HR/HS
Required factor of safety against sliding
Which is less than the available F.O.S, Hence OK
7.1.3.3 BASE PRESSURE CHECK:
Maximum base pressure, smax

7.1.3.5 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION TOE SLAB:

=
0.172
Design shear stress (toe slab)
Actual percentage of steel at section of shear check (toe slab)
=
0.380
=
0.390
Permissible shear stress in concrete (toe slab)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
7.1.3.6 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION HEEL SLAB:
Area of required compression steel (heel slab), Asc
=
0
Area of required tension steel (heel slab), Ast

2376

7.1.3.7 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN FOUNDATION HEEL SLAB:

=
0.150
Design shear stress (heel slab)
Actual %age of steel at section of shear check (heel slab)
=
0.380
=
0.390
Permissible shear stress in concrete (heel slab)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
7.1.3.8 AREA OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN RETURN WALL:
Area of required compression steel (return wall), Asc
=
0
Area of required tension steel (return wall), Ast

23933

N/mm2
%
N/mm2

mm /m width
mm2/m width
N/mm2
%
2

N/mm

mm2 in entire width

2

mm in entire width

7.1.3.9 REQUIREMENT OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN RETURN WALL:

=
0.299
=
0.530
=
0.465
Permissible shear stress in concrete (return wall)
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required
Design shear stress (return wall)
Actual %age of steel at section of shear check (return wall)

N/mm2
%
N/mm2

INPUT DATA AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS

DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE
PROJECT:
CHECKED BY:

JOB NO: ECE-162

9/12/2015
DATE:

BANIA DEVI BRIDGE @ CH.4/440, HP (HEIGHT 13.72M)

ALOK
DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

LOAD CASE:

A. INPUT DATA:

(dimensions & levels shown in following figures are in meter)

t1

Wing wall

C/L of bearing/shaft

Lv1

892.220

(Formation Level)

Thicness, t4 = 0.30
B4

h5 =

0.000

h1 =

Dirt wall

t2
V

0.000 4.565
h6 =
0.000

h2

Lv2 = 888.155

(Top of Bearing)

Lv3 = 887.655

(Top of Cap)

0.00

h3

2.175

h4 =
1.000
B3

B2

Superstructure
Abutment cap
B1 =

5.750

10.520

13.720

1.500
Abutment shaft (front wall)
Abutment return wall

L2 (heel slab)

L1 L3 (toe slab)

6.000

Lv4 = 881.700

4.500

(Top of Foundation)

Lv5 = 878.500
D2

D1

= 1.250
6.750

= 3.200

D3= 1.750

(Founding Level)

3.200

5.250
12.000

ELEVATION OF THE ABUTMENT

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

10

C/L of bearing/abutment shaft

4.500
L3

6.000
L2

L1

1.250

1.500
1.000

t3
B1

4.500

Return
wall

(average thickness)

1.500

W= 9.000

w=
6.500
Abutment shaft (front wall)

1.000
1.250

t3

B3
0.250

5.750

PLAN AT TOP OF THE FOOTING

1.0 LEVELS:
Formation level, Lv1
Level of CG of superstructure, Lcg
Top of bearing level, Lv2
Abutment cap top level, Lv3
Top of foundation level, Lv4
Founding level, Lv5

=
=
=
=
=
=

892.220
890.720
888.155
887.655
881.700
878.500

m
m
m
m
m
m

(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)

(considered at about one third depth from top)
(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

11

2.0 ABUTMENT DIMENSIONS:

Width of abutment shaft, B1
Width of abutment cap, B2
Width of return wall, B3
Width of wing wall, B4
Height 'h1' of dirt wall
Height 'h2' of dirt wall
Constant depth of abutment cap, h3
Variable depth of abutment cap, h4
Constant depth of wing wall, h5
Variable depth of wing wall, h6
Top thickness of dirt wall, t1
Bottom thickness of dirt wall, t2
Thickness of return wall, t3
Thickness of wing wall, t4
Total height of bearing & pedestal, h
Total width of bridge, w
Eccenrticity of abutment shaft w.r.t. its center line

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.500
2.175
5.750
0.000
4.565
0.000
0.500
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.500
0.500
1.000
0.300
0.500
6.500
0.000

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Length, L1 (with constant depth)

Length, L2 (with variable depth, heel slab)
Length, L3 (with variable depth, toe slab)
Depth, D1 (constant depth)

=
=
=
=

1.500
6.000
4.500
3.200

m
m
m
m

Depth, D2 (at edge, heel slab)

1.250

Depth, D3 (at edge, toe slab)

1.750

Depth, D4 (at the section of shear check)

Width of footing across bridge, W
Total length of footing, L = L1+L2+L3

=
=
=
=
=

2.193
9.000
12.000
1.000
0.000

m
m
m
m
m

(average thickness)
(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)

3.0 FOOTING DIMENSIONS:

Width of footing considered for structural design, b

Eccentricity of central part (L1) w.r.t.c/l of abutment shaft

(same as 'B1' for design purpose)

(section at effective depth away from face of wall)

(reinforcement calculated is for unit width of footing)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

12

4.0 CONCRETE & STEEL DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Effc.cover to foundation/substructure reinf., ceffective
Density of concrete, gc
Grade of concrete
Permissible stress in concrete, scb
Grade of steel
Permissible stress in tension steel, sst
Permissible stress in compression steel, ssc
Actual %age of steel provided at section of shear check
Corresponding permissible shear stress in concrete
Modular ratio, m

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

75
2.50
M30
15.00
Fe500
360.00
307.50
0.38
0.39
10

mm
t/m3

=
=
=

2.0
0.400
2.000

t/m3

6.000

(on footing projections beyond return walls)

=
=

75.00
75.00

t/m2
t/m2

(sub-surface soil)
(net SBC + weight of overburden soil)

(to tension & compression steel)

(as per clause 203 of IRC: 6- 2010)

N/mm2 (as per table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

N/mm2 (as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)
2
N/mm (as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)

(100*Ast/bd in foundation)
2

N/mm (as per table 12B of IRC: 21- 2000)

(as per note below table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS:

Bulk density of soil (dry) , gs
Active earth pressure coefficient, Ka
Height of earthfill on front side of abutment

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(over length L3 of footing)

Height of earthfill on back side of abutment

(over lengths L1 & L2 of footing)

Allowable net safe bearing capacity of soil

Allowable groos bearing capacity of soil

6.0 EXTERNAL LOADS:

Load Combination:
Longitudinal horizontal seismic coefficient, hL
Transverse horizontal seismic coefficient, hT
Vertical seismic coefficient, v
Total dead load (including SIDL) from superstructure, V1
Total live load from superstructure, V2
Vertical load due to seismic forces, V3
Total vertical load from superstructure, V = V1+V2+V3
Eccentricity of vertical load w.r.t. C/L of abutment shaft
Horizontal braking/tractive/bearing friction force, HL1
Longitudinal horizontal seismc force, HL2
Total horizontal force from superstructure, HL = HL1+HL2
Equivalent live load surcharge (UDL) at carriageway level

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.188
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.056
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.038
(refer recap of forces)
800.00 t
(refer recap of forces, incl.reduction factor & FLLreduction)
35.00 t
(V1+V2)* v
31.31 t
866.31 t
0.150 m
(ma*DL as per clause 211 of IRC: 6- 2010)
80.00 t
V1* hL
150.00 t
(along longitudinal axis)
230.00 t
2.400 t/m2

(equivalent to 1.2m height of earthfill as per clause 710.4.4 of IRC:78)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

13

B. OUTPUT:
1.0 CALCULATION OF VERTICAL LOADS:
Nos. Length/
Height
(m)

In the following calculations +ve & -ve ecc.means ecc.towards bridge side & approach side respectively

Width
(m)

Depth/
Thickness
(m)

Volume
(m3)

1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

Weight/
Eccentricity
Load
(w.r.t C/L of abutment shaft)
(m)
(t)
866.31
0.150

(dead load + superimposed dead load + live load + vertical seismic)

1.2 WEIGHT OF FOOOTING:

(NO SEISMIC ON THIS WEIGHT AS PER CODE)

1.500
9.000
3.200

Length L1 (constant depth)

Length L2 (variable depth)

6.000

9.000

Length L3 (variable depth)

4.500

9.000

4.455

6.500

43.200

108.00

0.000

2.225

120.150

300.38

-3.312

2.475

100.238

250.59

2.780

1.500

43.436

108.59

0.000

1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.07

1.4 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:

Constant depth, h3

Variable depth, h4

Vertical seismic on this,W*av

2.175

6.500

0.500

7.069

17.67

-0.338

1.838

6.500

1.000

11.944

29.86

-0.179

(av.width)

1.78

1.5 WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:

2

11.495

5.750

1.000

132.193

Vertical seismic on this,W*av

330.48

-3.625

12.39

1.6 WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:

Top portion, thickness t1
1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.565
0.000

6.500
6.500

0.500
0.500

14.836
0.000

37.09
0.00
1.39

-1.175
-1.175

0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.300
0.300

0.000
0.000

0.00
0.00
0.00

-6.500
-6.500

1.7 WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:

Top portion, depth h5
2
Bottom portion, depth h6
2
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

(av.width)

1.8 WEIGHT OF SOIL:

Behind abutment

6.000

4.500

11.495

310.365

620.73

-3.750

7.500

2.500

6.000

112.500

225.00

-3.000

In front of abutment
1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.500

9.000

2.000

81.000

162.00
37.79

3.000

(between return walls)

Behind abutment
(outside return walls)

(conservative value as seismic need not be taken below GL)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

14

2.0 CALCULATION OF LONGITUDINAL HORIZONTAL LOADS:

2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(braking force/bearing friction + horizontal seismic force)
(W*ah)
2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:
(W*ah)
2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Variable depth, h4
2.4 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:
2.5 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
2.6 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Bottom portion, depth h6
2.7 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
In front of abutment

(W*ah)
(W*ah)

Force/
Load
(t)
230.00

Lever Arm

Lever Arm

(above top of foundation)

(above founding level)

(m)
6.455

(m)
9.655

(considered to be acting at top of the bearing)

20.36

2.227

5.428

3.31
5.60
61.97

5.705
4.986
4.772

8.905
8.186
7.973

6.95
0.00

8.237
5.955

11.438
9.155

0.00
0.00

10.520
10.520

13.720
13.720

116.39
42.19
30.38

4.772
2.025
0.275

7.973
5.225
3.475

(W*ah)

(W*ah)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

15

3.0 CALCULATION OF EARTH PRESSURE:

Factor "Fep" to increase earth pressure

Factor "Fcg" to increase height of CG of earth pressure

Ka*q

1.000
1.000

FORCES AT FOOTING BASE

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

H = 13.720 m
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H2*w*Fep

H = 10.520
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H2*w*Fep

=
M2 =

85.61
587.30
Net F = 575.03
Net M = 2825.58
Lv5 = 878.500

F1

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Fep

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

FORCES AT ABUTMENT BASE

= 489.42 t
M1 = 2238.28 t-m

F2

(as per any site specific condition)

t
t-m
t
t-m

= 287.74 t
M1 = 1009.02 t-m

Ka*g*H, due to Earth Press.

=

10.976

t/m /m for

H=

13.720 m

8.416

t/m2/m for

H=

10.520 m

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Fep
(F2*H/2*Fcg)

=
M2 =

65.64
345.29
Net F =
353.39
Net M = 1354.31
Lv4 = 881.700

(founding level)

Ka*q, due to LL surcharge

(where "w"= width of abutment)

t
t-m
t
t-m

(F2*H/2*Fcg)

( abutment shaft bottom level)

0.960

t/m /m for all heights

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

16

4.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN:

4.1 VERTICAL LOADS & LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS:
In the following calculations positive
and negative eccentricity means
eccentricity towards bridge side &
approach side respectively

Vertical
Load
(t)

Ecc.
(w.r.t C/L of footing)

(m)

Moment
(t-m)

(w.r.t toe of footing)

Ecc.

Moment
(t-m)

(m)

(w.r.t toe of footing)

(w.r.t C/L of footing)

(for base pressure check)

(for overturning check)

4.1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

866.31

0.900

779.68

-5.100

-4418.19

4.1.2 WEIGHT OF FOOOTING:

Constant depth, length L1

108.00

0.750

81.00

-5.250

-567.00

Variable depth, length L2

300.38

-2.562

-769.50

-8.562

-2571.75

Variable depth, length L3

250.59
108.59
4.07

3.530
0.750
0.750

884.67
81.44
3.05

-2.470
-5.250
-5.250

-618.89
-570.10
-21.38

17.67
0.66
29.86
1.12
330.48
12.39

0.413
0.413
0.571
0.571
-2.875
-2.875

7.29
0.27
17.05
0.64
-950.13
-35.63

-5.588
-5.588
-5.429
-5.429
-8.875
-8.875

-98.74
-3.70
-162.11
-6.08
-2933.02
-109.99

37.09
1.39
0.00
0.00

-0.425
-0.425
-0.425
-0.425

-15.76
-0.59
0.00
0.00

-6.425
-6.425
-6.425
-6.425

-238.31
-8.94
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-5.750
-5.750
-5.750
-5.750

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-11.750
-11.750
-11.750
-11.750

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

620.73
23.28
225.00
8.44
162.00
6.08
3114.13

-3.000
-3.000
-2.250
-2.250
3.750
3.750

-1862.19
-69.83
-506.25
-18.98
607.50
22.78
-1743.49

-9.000
-9.000
-8.250
-8.250
-2.250
-2.250

-5586.57
-209.50
-1856.25
-69.61
-364.50
-13.67
-20428.29

(DL + SIDL + LL + Vertical Seismic)

4.1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

Vertical seismic on this
4.1.4 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Vertical seismic on this
Variable depth, h4
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.5 WEIGHT OF RETURN WALLS:
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.6 WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Vertical seismic on this
Bottom portion, thickness t2
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.7 WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Vertical seismic on this
Bottom portion, depth h6
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.8 WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
Vertical seismic on this
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
Vertical seismic on this
In front of abutment
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.9 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

VERTICAL LOAD, VF

MOMENT, MFL1

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

MOMENT, MR

17

4.2 HORIZONTAL FORCES & MOMENTS:

(including moment due to transverse eccentricity of live loads)

Horizontal
Load
(t)

(above founding level)

Lever Arm

Moment
(t-m)

Moment
(t-m)

(m)

(longitudinal, ML)

(transverse, MT)

230.00
20.36

9.155
5.428

2105.65
110.51

33.15

ML*(ahT/ahL)

3.31

8.905

29.51

8.85

ML*(ahT/ahL)

5.60
61.97

8.186
7.973

45.83
494.02

13.75 ML*(ahT/ahL)
148.21 ML*(ahT/ahL)

6.95

11.438

79.54

23.86

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

9.155

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

13.720

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

13.720

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

116.39
42.19
30.38
575.03

7.973
5.225
3.475
-

927.89
220.43
105.55
2825.58

4.2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(Braking Force/Bearing Friction + Horizontal Seismic)

4.2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

4.2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Variable depth, h4
4.2.4 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:
4.2.5 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
4.2.6 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Bottom portion, depth h6
4.2.7 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
In front of abutment
4.2.8 EARTH PRESSURE:
4.2.9 MOMENT DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LL

35.00
(VERTICAL LIVE LOAD)

4.2.10 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

4.3 RESULTANT FORCES:

0.250

278.37 ML*(ahT/ahL)
66.13 ML*(ahT/ahL)
31.67 ML*(ahT/ahL)

8.75

(ECC. eT)

1092.17

6944.51

612.73

HORIZONTAL LOAD, HF

MOMENT, MFL2

MOMENT, MFT

(AT FOUNDING LEVEL)

4.3.1 RESULTANT VERTICAL LOAD, VF

4.3.2 RESULTANT HORIZONTAL LOAD, HF = HS
4.3.3 RESULTANT LONGITUDINAL MOMENT, MFL
= MFL1 + MFL2

=
=
=

4.3.4 RESULTANT TRANSVERSE MOMENT, MFT

3114.13 t
1092.17 t
5201.02 t-m

612.73

4.3.5 OVERTURNING MOMENT, MO = MFL2

6944.51 t-m

4.3.6 RESISTING MOMENT, MR

20428.29 t-m

(ACTING ALONG C/L OF FOOTING FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK)

(SLIDING FORCE HS FOR SLIDING CHECK)
(MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF FOOTING FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK)

t-m
(MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES FOR OVERTURNING CHECK)
(MOMENT DUE TO VERTICAL LOADS FOR OVERTURNING CHECK)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

18

5.0 STABILITY CHECKS:

5.1 CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:
Total overturning moment, MO

6944.51 t-m

=
Factor of safety against overturning
=
Required F.O.S against overturning
=
Which is less than the available F.O.S, hence OK

20428.29 t-m
2.94
1.50

Total resisting moment, MR

(MR/MO)

5.2 CHECK FOR SLIDING:

Total sliding force, HS

1092.17 t

Vertical load resisting this force, VF

=
=
=

3114.13 t
0.500
1,557.07 t

Coefficient of friction, f
Total resisting force, HR = f * VF
Factor of safety against sliding, HR/HS

=
Required factor of safety against sliding
=
Which is less than the available F.O.S, hence OK

(between sub-surface soil & concrete)

1.43
1.25

6.0 CHECK FOR BASE PRESSURE:

Area of footing, A

Section modulus, ZT

Section modulus, ZL

Maximum base pressure

Minimum base pressure

108.00 m2
216.00 m3

(about transverse axis)

162.00 m
56.70 t/m2
0.97

t/m

(about longitudinal axis)

(VF/A + MFL/ZT + MFT/ZL)

Which is less than gross bearing capacity of soil, Hence O.K.

(VF/A - MFL/ZT - MFT/ZL)

Which is more than 0, Hence O.K.

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

19

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:

C/L of bearing/abutment shaft

7.500
6.000
2.875

4.500
3.125

3.125

1.375

0.97
t/m2

14.32
2

t/m
(for SF at D)

D
28.83

C
A
35.80

B
50.31

56.70
2
t/m

t/m2
t/m2
t/m2
(for BM at A & C) (for SF at B)

7.1 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

(TOE SLAB)

Bending moment at section 'A', Mact

463.02

t-m/m width

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Moment in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Coefficients for calculating section capacity and reinforcement:

1 / [1+sst / (mscb) ]
n=
=
0.294
j=
(1 - n / 3)
0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, d
Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.902
1.990
1000
3125

N/mm2
mm
mm

Kbd2
1942.99 t-m/m width

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

20

Stress in compression steel, ssc

Area of compression steel, Asc

1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]

N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

7.2 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

206.64

mm2/m width
Mact or Mr /sstjd
0

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

4563
mm /m width
Ascssc/sst
mm2/m width

(singly reinforced section)

4563

mm /m width

68.07

t/m width

(TOE SLAB)

Shear force at section 'B', Vact

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including shear in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Shear in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Moment at section 'B', M'act

47.80

t-m/m width

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Moment in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Effective depth 'd1' at section 'B'

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual percentage of steel at section 'B'

=
=

2118
mm
1000
mm
0.322
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.287
0.380

N/mm2
%

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

Permissible shear stress in concrete
=
0.390 N/mm2
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

21

7.3 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

(HEEL SLAB)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

Bending moment at section 'C', Mact

=
=

0.750
253.52

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

t-m/m width

(including reduction factor)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top of footing
& maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, d
Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=
=
=
=

Stress in compression steel, ssc

=
Area of compression steel, Asc

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

7.4 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

1.990
1000
3125

N/mm2
mm
mm

Kbd2
1942.99 t-m/m width
1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]
N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}
206.64

0
mm /m width
Mact or Mr /sstjd

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

2498
mm /m width
Ascssc/sst
mm2/m width

(singly reinforced section)

2498

mm /m width

=
=

0.750

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

46.13

t/m width

(HEEL SLAB)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

Shear force at section 'D', Vact

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top
of footing & maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

Moment at section 'D', M'act

73.20

t-m/m width

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top
of footing & maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

Effective depth 'd1' at section 'D'

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual percentage of steel at section 'D'

=
=

2118
mm
1000
mm
0.325
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.165
0.380

N/mm2
%

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

Permissible shear stress in concrete
=
0.390 N/mm2
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

22

8.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN:

8.1 VERTICAL LOADS & LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS:

Eccentricity

Moment

(w.r.t shaft C/L)

(w.r.t shaft C/L)

(m)
0.150

(t-m)
129.95

108.59
4.07

0.000
0.000

0.00
0.00

17.67
0.66
29.86
1.12
1028.29

-0.338
-0.338
-0.179
-0.179

-5.96
-0.22
-5.35
-0.20
118.21

Vertical
Load
(t)
866.31

8.1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

(DL + SIDL + LL + Vertical Seismic)

8.1.2 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

Vertical seismic on this
8.1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Vertical seismic on this
Variable depth, h4
Vertical seismic on this
8.1.4 NET VERTICAL LOAD

VERTICAL LOAD, VA

8.2 HORIZONTAL FORCES & MOMENTS:

MOMENT, MAL1

(including moment due to transverse eccentricity of live loads)

Horizontal
Load
(t)

Lever Arm

Moment

Moment

(longitudinal, ML)

(transverse, MT)

(m)

(t-m)

(t-m)

230.00
20.36

6.455
2.227

1484.65
45.35

3.31

5.705

18.90

5.67

ML*(ahT/ahL)

4.986

27.91
1354.31
0.250

8.37

ML*(ahT/ahL)

(w.r.t.base of shaft)

8.2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(Braking Force/Bearing Friction + Horizontal Seismic)

8.2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

8.2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3

Variable depth, h4
5.60
8.2.4 EARTH PRESSURE:
353.39
4.2.9 MOMENT DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LL

35.00
(VERTICAL LIVE LOAD)

8.2.8 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

445.39 ML*(ahT/ahL), conservative

13.61 ML*(ahT/ahL)

8.75

(ECC. eT)

612.66

2931.13

481.80

HORIZONTAL LOAD, HA

MOMENT, MAL2

MOMENT, MAT

8.3 RESULTANT FORCES:

8.3.1 RESULTANT VERTICAL LOAD, VA
8.3.2 RESULTANT HORIZONTAL LOAD, HA
8.3.1 RESULTANT LONGITUDINAL MOMENT, MAL
= MAL1 + MAL2

=
=
=

1028.29 t
612.66 t
3049.34 t-m

8.3.4 RESULTANT TRANSVERSE MOMENT, MAT

481.80

t-m

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

23

9.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ABUTMENT

Check for stresses in concrete and steel in abutment shaft is enclosed separately on the following pages.
Allowable stress in concrete

Allowable stress in steel

15.000

1500

t/m2

36000

t/m2

N/mm

360.000 N/mm

10.0 DESIGN OF RETURN WALL

10.1 FORCES IN RETURN WALL:
Factor "Frw" to reduce the forces in return wall

0.600

(as return wall is not acting as a cantilever, it is supoorted on two sides)

Factor "Fcg" to increase height of CG of earth pressure

1.000

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

Depth (thickness) of return wall at base, Drw

1.000

Effective depth (thickness) of return wall at base, drw

0.925

=
FORCES AT ABUTMENT BASE

Ka*q

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

Lv1=

H = 10.520 m
2
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H *w*Frw

H = 9.595
2
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H *w*Frw

=
M1 =

F2

FORCES AT HT."drw" ABOVE ABUTMENT BASE

152.73
535.56

t
t-m

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Frw

=
M2 =

34.84
183.27
Net F = 187.57
Net M = 718.83
Lv4A = 881.700

F1

t
t-m
t
t-m

=
M1 =

Ka*g*H, due to Earth Press.

=

8.416

t/m2/m for

7.676

t/m /m for

H=

10.520 m

H=

9.595

(formation Level)

127.05 t
406.34 t-m

(where "w"=width of return wall)

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Frw
(F2*H/2*Fcg)

=
M2 =

31.78
152.46
Net F =
158.83
Net M = 558.80
Lv4B = 882.625

( abutment shaft bottom level)

Ka*q, due to LL surcharge

0.000

t
t-m
t
t-m

(F2*H/2*Fcg)

(at height "drw" above abutment base)

0.960

t/m /m for all heights

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

24

10.2 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

Bending moment at base, Mact

718.83

t-m for entire width

0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, drw

=
=
=

1.990
5750
925

N/mm2
mm
mm

Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=

Kbd2
978.86 t-m for entire width
1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]

N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}

Stress in compression steel, ssc

Area of compression steel, Asc

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

206.64

mm2 in entire width

Mact or Mr /sstjd
0

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

23933 mm2 in entire width

Ascssc/sst
2

mm in entire width

(singly reinforced section)

23933

mm in entire width

Shear force at height 'drw', Vact

158.83

t for entire width

(section at effective depth away from face)

Moment at height 'drw', M'act

558.80

t-m for entire width

(section at effective depth away from face)

Effective depth 'drw1' at this section

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual %age of steel at this section

=
=

10.3 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

925
mm
5750
mm
0.000
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.299
0.530

N/mm2
%
2

Permissible shear stress in concrete

=
0.465 N/mm
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

25

DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

ONLY DEAD LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE
PROJECT:
CHECKED BY:

JOB NO: ECE-162

9/12/2015
DATE:

BANIA DEVI BRIDGE @ CH.4/440, HP (HEIGHT 13.72M)

ALOK
ONLY DEAD LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

LOAD CASE:

A. INPUT DATA:

(dimensions & levels shown in following figures are in meter)

t1

Wing wall

C/L of bearing/shaft

Lv1

892.220

(Formation Level)

Thicness, t4 = 0.30
B4

h5 =

0.000

h1 =

Dirt wall

t2
V

0.000 4.565
h6 =
0.000

h2

Lv2 = 888.155

(Top of Bearing)

Lv3 = 887.655

(Top of Cap)

0.00

h3

2.175

h4 =
1.000
B3

B2

Superstructure
Abutment cap
B1 =

5.750

10.520

13.720

1.500
Abutment shaft (front wall)
Abutment return wall

L2 (heel slab)

L1 L3 (toe slab)

6.000

Lv4 = 881.700

4.500

(Top of Foundation)

Lv5 = 878.500
D2

D1

= 1.250
6.750

= 3.200

D3= 1.750

(Founding Level)

3.200

5.250
12.000

ELEVATION OF THE ABUTMENT

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

26

C/L of bearing/abutment shaft

4.500
L3

6.000
L2

L1

1.250

1.500
1.000

t3
B1

4.500

Return
wall

(average thickness)

1.500

W= 9.000

w=
6.500
Abutment shaft (front wall)

1.000
1.250

t3

B3
0.250

5.750

PLAN AT TOP OF THE FOOTING

1.0 LEVELS:
Formation level, Lv1
Level of CG of superstructure, Lcg
Top of bearing level, Lv2
Abutment cap top level, Lv3
Top of foundation level, Lv4
Founding level, Lv5

=
=
=
=
=
=

892.220
890.720
888.155
887.655
881.700
878.500

m
m
m
m
m
m

(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)

(considered at about one third depth from top)
(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

27

2.0 ABUTMENT DIMENSIONS:

Width of abutment shaft, B1
Width of abutment cap, B2
Width of return wall, B3
Width of wing wall, B4
Height 'h1' of dirt wall
Height 'h2' of dirt wall
Constant depth of abutment cap, h3
Variable depth of abutment cap, h4
Constant depth of wing wall, h5
Variable depth of wing wall, h6
Top thickness of dirt wall, t1
Bottom thickness of dirt wall, t2
Thickness of return wall, t3
Thickness of wing wall, t4
Total height of bearing & pedestal, h
Total width of bridge, w
Eccenrticity of abutment shaft w.r.t. its center line

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.500
2.175
5.750
0.000
4.565
0.000
0.500
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.500
0.500
1.000
0.300
0.500
6.500
0.000

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Length, L1 (with constant depth)

Length, L2 (with variable depth, heel slab)
Length, L3 (with variable depth, toe slab)
Depth, D1 (constant depth)

=
=
=
=

1.500
6.000
4.500
3.200

m
m
m
m

Depth, D2 (at edge, heel slab)

1.250

Depth, D3 (at edge, toe slab)

1.750

Depth, D4 (at the section of shear check)

Width of footing across bridge, W
Total length of footing, L = L1+L2+L3

=
=
=
=
=

2.193
9.000
12.000
1.000
0.000

m
m
m
m
m

(average thickness)
(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)

3.0 FOOTING DIMENSIONS:

Width of footing considered for structural design, b

Eccentricity of central part (L1) w.r.t.c/l of abutment shaft

(same as 'B1' for design purpose)

(section at effective depth away from face of wall)

(reinforcement calculated is for unit width of footing)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

28

4.0 CONCRETE & STEEL DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Effc.cover to foundation/substructure reinf., ceffective
Density of concrete, gc
Grade of concrete
Permissible stress in concrete, scb
Grade of steel
Permissible stress in tension steel, sst
Permissible stress in compression steel, ssc
Actual %age of steel provided at section of shear check
Corresponding permissible shear stress in concrete
Modular ratio, m

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

75
2.50
M30
15.00
Fe500
360.00
307.50
0.38
0.39
10

mm
t/m3

=
=
=

2.0
0.400
2.000

t/m3

6.000

(on footing projections beyond return walls)

=
=

75.00
75.00

t/m2
t/m2

(sub-surface soil)
(net SBC + weight of overburden soil)

(to tension & compression steel)

(as per clause 203 of IRC: 6- 2010)

N/mm2 (as per table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

N/mm2 (as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)
2
N/mm (as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)

(100*Ast/bd in foundation)
2

N/mm (as per table 12B of IRC: 21- 2000)

(as per note below table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS:

Bulk density of soil (dry) , gs
Active earth pressure coefficient, Ka
Height of earthfill on front side of abutment

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(over length L3 of footing)

Height of earthfill on back side of abutment

(over lengths L1 & L2 of footing)

Allowable net safe bearing capacity of soil

Allowable groos bearing capacity of soil

6.0 EXTERNAL LOADS:

Load Combination:
Longitudinal horizontal seismic coefficient, hL
Transverse horizontal seismic coefficient, hT
Vertical seismic coefficient, v
Total dead load (including SIDL) from superstructure, V1
Total live load from superstructure, V2
Vertical load due to seismic forces, V3
Total vertical load from superstructure, V = V1+V2+V3
Eccentricity of vertical load w.r.t. C/L of abutment shaft
Horizontal braking/tractive/bearing friction force, HL1
Longitudinal horizontal seismc force, HL2
Total horizontal force from superstructure, HL = HL1+HL2
Equivalent live load surcharge (UDL) at carriageway level

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

ONLY DEAD LOAD FROM DECK, SEISMIC CASE

(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.188
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.056
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.038
(refer recap of forces)
800.00 t
(no LL from deck)
0.00
t
(V1+V2)* v
30.00 t
830.00 t
0.150 m
(ma*DL as per clause 211 of IRC: 6- 2010)
80.00 t
V1* hL
150.00 t
(along longitudinal axis)
230.00 t
2.400 t/m2

(equivalent to 1.2m height of earthfill as per clause 710.4.4 of IRC:78)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

29

B. OUTPUT:
1.0 CALCULATION OF VERTICAL LOADS:
Nos. Length/
Height
(m)

In the following calculations +ve & -ve ecc.means ecc.towards bridge side & approach side respectively

Width
(m)

Depth/
Thickness
(m)

Volume
(m3)

1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

Weight/
Eccentricity
Load
(w.r.t C/L of abutment shaft)
(m)
(t)
830.00
0.150

(dead load + superimposed dead load + live load + vertical seismic)

1.2 WEIGHT OF FOOOTING:

(NO SEISMIC ON THIS WEIGHT AS PER CODE)

1.500
9.000
3.200

Length L1 (constant depth)

Length L2 (variable depth)

6.000

9.000

Length L3 (variable depth)

4.500

9.000

4.455

6.500

43.200

108.00

0.000

2.225

120.150

300.38

-3.312

2.475

100.238

250.59

2.780

1.500

43.436

108.59

0.000

1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.07

1.4 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:

Constant depth, h3

Variable depth, h4

Vertical seismic on this,W*av

2.175

6.500

0.500

7.069

17.67

-0.338

1.838

6.500

1.000

11.944

29.86

-0.179

(av.width)

1.78

1.5 WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:

2

11.495

5.750

1.000

132.193

Vertical seismic on this,W*av

330.48

-3.625

12.39

1.6 WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:

Top portion, thickness t1
1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.565
0.000

6.500
6.500

0.500
0.500

14.836
0.000

37.09
0.00
1.39

-1.175
-1.175

0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.300
0.300

0.000
0.000

0.00
0.00
0.00

-6.500
-6.500

1.7 WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:

Top portion, depth h5
2
Bottom portion, depth h6
2
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

(av.width)

1.8 WEIGHT OF SOIL:

Behind abutment

6.000

4.500

11.495

310.365

620.73

-3.750

7.500

2.500

6.000

112.500

225.00

-3.000

In front of abutment
1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.500

9.000

2.000

81.000

162.00
37.79

3.000

(between return walls)

Behind abutment
(outside return walls)

(conservative value as seismic need not be taken below GL)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

30

2.0 CALCULATION OF LONGITUDINAL HORIZONTAL LOADS:

2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(braking force/bearing friction + horizontal seismic force)
(W*ah)
2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:
(W*ah)
2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Variable depth, h4
2.4 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:
2.5 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
2.6 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Bottom portion, depth h6
2.7 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
In front of abutment

(W*ah)
(W*ah)

Force/
Load
(t)
230.00

Lever Arm

Lever Arm

(above top of foundation)

(above founding level)

(m)
6.455

(m)
9.655

(considered to be acting at top of the bearing)

20.36

2.227

5.428

3.31
5.60
61.97

5.705
4.986
4.772

8.905
8.186
7.973

6.95
0.00

8.237
5.955

11.438
9.155

0.00
0.00

10.520
10.520

13.720
13.720

116.39
42.19
30.38

4.772
2.025
0.275

7.973
5.225
3.475

(W*ah)

(W*ah)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

31

3.0 CALCULATION OF EARTH PRESSURE:

Factor "Fep" to increase earth pressure

Factor "Fcg" to increase height of CG of earth pressure

Ka*q

1.000
1.000

FORCES AT FOOTING BASE

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

H = 13.720 m
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H2*w*Fep

H = 10.520
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H2*w*Fep

=
M2 =

85.61
587.30
Net F = 575.03
Net M = 2825.58
Lv5 = 878.500

F1

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Fep

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

FORCES AT ABUTMENT BASE

= 489.42 t
M1 = 2238.28 t-m

F2

(as per any site specific condition)

t
t-m
t
t-m

= 287.74 t
M1 = 1009.02 t-m

Ka*g*H, due to Earth Press.

=

10.976

t/m /m for

H=

13.720 m

8.416

t/m2/m for

H=

10.520 m

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Fep
(F2*H/2*Fcg)

=
M2 =

65.64
345.29
Net F =
353.39
Net M = 1354.31
Lv4 = 881.700

(founding level)

Ka*q, due to LL surcharge

(where "w"= width of abutment)

t
t-m
t
t-m

(F2*H/2*Fcg)

( abutment shaft bottom level)

0.960

t/m /m for all heights

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

32

4.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN:

4.1 VERTICAL LOADS & LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS:
In the following calculations positive
and negative eccentricity means
eccentricity towards bridge side &
approach side respectively

Vertical
Load
(t)

Ecc.
(w.r.t C/L of footing)

(m)

Moment
(t-m)

(w.r.t toe of footing)

Ecc.

Moment
(t-m)

(m)

(w.r.t toe of footing)

(w.r.t C/L of footing)

(for base pressure check)

(for overturning check)

4.1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

830.00

0.900

747.00

-5.100

-4233.00

4.1.2 WEIGHT OF FOOOTING:

Constant depth, length L1

108.00

0.750

81.00

-5.250

-567.00

Variable depth, length L2

300.38

-2.562

-769.50

-8.562

-2571.75

Variable depth, length L3

250.59
108.59
4.07

3.530
0.750
0.750

884.67
81.44
3.05

-2.470
-5.250
-5.250

-618.89
-570.10
-21.38

17.67
0.66
29.86
1.12
330.48
12.39

0.413
0.413
0.571
0.571
-2.875
-2.875

7.29
0.27
17.05
0.64
-950.13
-35.63

-5.588
-5.588
-5.429
-5.429
-8.875
-8.875

-98.74
-3.70
-162.11
-6.08
-2933.02
-109.99

37.09
1.39
0.00
0.00

-0.425
-0.425
-0.425
-0.425

-15.76
-0.59
0.00
0.00

-6.425
-6.425
-6.425
-6.425

-238.31
-8.94
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-5.750
-5.750
-5.750
-5.750

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-11.750
-11.750
-11.750
-11.750

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

620.73
23.28
225.00
8.44
162.00
6.08
3077.82

-3.000
-3.000
-2.250
-2.250
3.750
3.750

-1862.19
-69.83
-506.25
-18.98
607.50
22.78
-1776.17

-9.000
-9.000
-8.250
-8.250
-2.250
-2.250

-5586.57
-209.50
-1856.25
-69.61
-364.50
-13.67
-20243.10

(DL + SIDL + LL + Vertical Seismic)

4.1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

Vertical seismic on this
4.1.4 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Vertical seismic on this
Variable depth, h4
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.5 WEIGHT OF RETURN WALLS:
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.6 WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Vertical seismic on this
Bottom portion, thickness t2
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.7 WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Vertical seismic on this
Bottom portion, depth h6
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.8 WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
Vertical seismic on this
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
Vertical seismic on this
In front of abutment
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.9 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

VERTICAL LOAD, VF

MOMENT, MFL1

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

MOMENT, MR

33

4.2 HORIZONTAL FORCES & MOMENTS:

(including moment due to transverse eccentricity of live loads)

Horizontal
Load
(t)

(above founding level)

Lever Arm

Moment
(t-m)

Moment
(t-m)

(m)

(longitudinal, ML)

(transverse, MT)

230.00
20.36

9.155
5.428

2105.65
110.51

33.15

ML*(ahT/ahL)

3.31

8.905

29.51

8.85

ML*(ahT/ahL)

5.60
61.97

8.186
7.973

45.83
494.02

13.75 ML*(ahT/ahL)
148.21 ML*(ahT/ahL)

6.95

11.438

79.54

23.86

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

9.155

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

13.720

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

13.720

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

116.39
42.19
30.38
575.03

7.973
5.225
3.475
-

927.89
220.43
105.55
2825.58

4.2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(Braking Force/Bearing Friction + Horizontal Seismic)

4.2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

4.2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Variable depth, h4
4.2.4 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:
4.2.5 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
4.2.6 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Bottom portion, depth h6
4.2.7 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
In front of abutment
4.2.8 EARTH PRESSURE:
4.2.9 MOMENT DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LL

0.00
(VERTICAL LIVE LOAD)

4.2.10 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

4.3 RESULTANT FORCES:

0.250

278.37 ML*(ahT/ahL)
66.13 ML*(ahT/ahL)
31.67 ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

(ECC. eT)

1092.17

6944.51

603.98

HORIZONTAL LOAD, HF

MOMENT, MFL2

MOMENT, MFT

(AT FOUNDING LEVEL)

4.3.1 RESULTANT VERTICAL LOAD, VF

4.3.2 RESULTANT HORIZONTAL LOAD, HF = HS
4.3.3 RESULTANT LONGITUDINAL MOMENT, MFL
= MFL1 + MFL2

=
=
=

4.3.4 RESULTANT TRANSVERSE MOMENT, MFT

3077.82 t
1092.17 t
5168.34 t-m

603.98

4.3.5 OVERTURNING MOMENT, MO = MFL2

6944.51 t-m

4.3.6 RESISTING MOMENT, MR

20243.10 t-m

(ACTING ALONG C/L OF FOOTING FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK)

(SLIDING FORCE HS FOR SLIDING CHECK)
(MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF FOOTING FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK)

t-m
(MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES FOR OVERTURNING CHECK)
(MOMENT DUE TO VERTICAL LOADS FOR OVERTURNING CHECK)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

34

5.0 STABILITY CHECKS:

5.1 CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:
Total overturning moment, MO

6944.51 t-m

=
Factor of safety against overturning
=
Required F.O.S against overturning
=
Which is less than the available F.O.S, hence OK

20243.10 t-m
2.91
1.50

Total resisting moment, MR

(MR/MO)

5.2 CHECK FOR SLIDING:

Total sliding force, HS

1092.17 t

Vertical load resisting this force, VF

=
=
=

3077.82 t
0.500
1,538.91 t

Coefficient of friction, f
Total resisting force, HR = f * VF
Factor of safety against sliding, HR/HS

=
Required factor of safety against sliding
=
Which is less than the available F.O.S, hence OK

(between sub-surface soil & concrete)

1.41
1.25

6.0 CHECK FOR BASE PRESSURE:

Area of footing, A

Section modulus, ZT

Section modulus, ZL

Maximum base pressure

Minimum base pressure

108.00 m2
216.00 m3

(about transverse axis)

162.00 m
56.15 t/m2
0.84

t/m

(about longitudinal axis)

(VF/A + MFL/ZT + MFT/ZL)

Which is less than gross bearing capacity of soil, Hence O.K.

(VF/A - MFL/ZT - MFT/ZL)

Which is more than 0, Hence O.K.

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

35

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:

C/L of bearing/abutment shaft

7.500
6.000
2.875

4.500
3.125

3.125

1.375

0.84
t/m2

14.09
2

t/m
(for SF at D)

D
28.50

C
A
35.41

B
49.82

56.15
2
t/m

t/m2
t/m2
t/m2
(for BM at A & C) (for SF at B)

7.1 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

(TOE SLAB)

Bending moment at section 'A', Mact

458.06

t-m/m width

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Moment in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Coefficients for calculating section capacity and reinforcement:

1 / [1+sst / (mscb) ]
n=
=
0.294
j=
(1 - n / 3)
0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, d
Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.902
1.990
1000
3125

N/mm2
mm
mm

Kbd2
1942.99 t-m/m width

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

36

Stress in compression steel, ssc

Area of compression steel, Asc

1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]

N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

7.2 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

206.64

mm2/m width
Mact or Mr /sstjd
0

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

4514
mm /m width
Ascssc/sst
mm2/m width

(singly reinforced section)

4514

mm /m width

67.35

t/m width

(TOE SLAB)

Shear force at section 'B', Vact

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including shear in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Shear in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Moment at section 'B', M'act

47.30

t-m/m width

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Moment in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Effective depth 'd1' at section 'B'

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual percentage of steel at section 'B'

=
=

2118
mm
1000
mm
0.322
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.284
0.380

N/mm2
%

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

Permissible shear stress in concrete
=
0.390 N/mm2
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

37

7.3 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

(HEEL SLAB)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

Bending moment at section 'C', Mact

=
=

0.750
256.21

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

t-m/m width

(including reduction factor)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top of footing
& maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, d
Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=
=
=
=

Stress in compression steel, ssc

=
Area of compression steel, Asc

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

7.4 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

1.990
1000
3125

N/mm2
mm
mm

Kbd2
1942.99 t-m/m width
1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]
N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}
206.64

0
mm /m width
Mact or Mr /sstjd

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

2525
mm /m width
Ascssc/sst
mm2/m width

(singly reinforced section)

2525

mm /m width

=
=

0.750

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

46.51

t/m width

(HEEL SLAB)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

Shear force at section 'D', Vact

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top
of footing & maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

Moment at section 'D', M'act

73.71

t-m/m width

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top
of footing & maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

Effective depth 'd1' at section 'D'

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual percentage of steel at section 'D'

=
=

2118
mm
1000
mm
0.325
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.166
0.380

N/mm2
%

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

Permissible shear stress in concrete
=
0.390 N/mm2
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

38

8.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN:

8.1 VERTICAL LOADS & LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS:

Eccentricity

Moment

(w.r.t shaft C/L)

(w.r.t shaft C/L)

(m)
0.150

(t-m)
124.50

108.59
4.07

0.000
0.000

0.00
0.00

17.67
0.66
29.86
1.12
991.98

-0.338
-0.338
-0.179
-0.179

-5.96
-0.22
-5.35
-0.20
112.76

Vertical
Load
(t)
830.00

8.1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

(DL + SIDL + LL + Vertical Seismic)

8.1.2 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

Vertical seismic on this
8.1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Vertical seismic on this
Variable depth, h4
Vertical seismic on this
8.1.4 NET VERTICAL LOAD

VERTICAL LOAD, VA

8.2 HORIZONTAL FORCES & MOMENTS:

MOMENT, MAL1

(including moment due to transverse eccentricity of live loads)

Horizontal
Load
(t)

Lever Arm

Moment

Moment

(longitudinal, ML)

(transverse, MT)

(m)

(t-m)

(t-m)

230.00
20.36

6.455
2.227

1484.65
45.35

3.31

5.705

18.90

5.67

ML*(ahT/ahL)

4.986

27.91
1354.31
0.250

8.37

ML*(ahT/ahL)

(w.r.t.base of shaft)

8.2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(Braking Force/Bearing Friction + Horizontal Seismic)

8.2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

8.2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3

Variable depth, h4
5.60
8.2.4 EARTH PRESSURE:
353.39
4.2.9 MOMENT DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LL

0.00
(VERTICAL LIVE LOAD)

8.2.8 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

445.39 ML*(ahT/ahL), conservative

13.61 ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

(ECC. eT)

612.66

2931.13

473.05

HORIZONTAL LOAD, HA

MOMENT, MAL2

MOMENT, MAT

8.3 RESULTANT FORCES:

8.3.1 RESULTANT VERTICAL LOAD, VA
8.3.2 RESULTANT HORIZONTAL LOAD, HA
8.3.1 RESULTANT LONGITUDINAL MOMENT, MAL
= MAL1 + MAL2

=
=

8.3.4 RESULTANT TRANSVERSE MOMENT, MAT

991.98
612.66

t
3043.89 t-m

473.05

t-m

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

39

9.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ABUTMENT

Check for stresses in concrete and steel in abutment shaft is enclosed separately on the following pages.
Allowable stress in concrete

Allowable stress in steel

15.000

1500

t/m2

36000

t/m2

N/mm

360.000 N/mm

10.0 DESIGN OF RETURN WALL

10.1 FORCES IN RETURN WALL:
Factor "Frw" to reduce the forces in return wall

0.600

(as return wall is not acting as a cantilever, it is supoorted on two sides)

Factor "Fcg" to increase height of CG of earth pressure

1.000

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

Depth (thickness) of return wall at base, Drw

1.000

Effective depth (thickness) of return wall at base, drw

0.925

=
FORCES AT ABUTMENT BASE

Ka*q

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

Lv1=

H = 10.520 m
2
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H *w*Frw

H = 9.595
2
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H *w*Frw

=
M1 =

F2

FORCES AT HT."drw" ABOVE ABUTMENT BASE

152.73
535.56

t
t-m

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Frw

=
M2 =

34.84
183.27
Net F = 187.57
Net M = 718.83
Lv4A = 881.700

F1

t
t-m
t
t-m

=
M1 =

Ka*g*H, due to Earth Press.

=

8.416

t/m2/m for

7.676

t/m /m for

H=

10.520 m

H=

9.595

(formation Level)

127.05 t
406.34 t-m

(where "w"=width of return wall)

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Frw
(F2*H/2*Fcg)

=
M2 =

31.78
152.46
Net F =
158.83
Net M = 558.80
Lv4B = 882.625

( abutment shaft bottom level)

Ka*q, due to LL surcharge

0.000

t
t-m
t
t-m

(F2*H/2*Fcg)

(at height "drw" above abutment base)

0.960

t/m /m for all heights

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

40

10.2 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

Bending moment at base, Mact

718.83

t-m for entire width

0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, drw

=
=
=

1.990
5750
925

N/mm2
mm
mm

Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=

Kbd2
978.86 t-m for entire width
1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]

N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}

Stress in compression steel, ssc

Area of compression steel, Asc

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

206.64

mm2 in entire width

Mact or Mr /sstjd
0

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

23933 mm2 in entire width

Ascssc/sst
2

mm in entire width

(singly reinforced section)

23933

mm in entire width

Shear force at height 'drw', Vact

158.83

t for entire width

(section at effective depth away from face)

Moment at height 'drw', M'act

558.80

t-m for entire width

(section at effective depth away from face)

Effective depth 'drw1' at this section

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual %age of steel at this section

=
=

10.3 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

925
mm
5750
mm
0.000
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.299
0.530

N/mm2
%
2

Permissible shear stress in concrete

=
0.465 N/mm
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

41

DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

SPAN DISLODGEMENT CONDITION, SEISMIC CASE
PROJECT:
CHECKED BY:

JOB NO: ECE-162

9/12/2015
DATE:

BANIA DEVI BRIDGE @ CH.4/440, HP (HEIGHT 13.72M)

ALOK
SPAN DISLODGEMENT CONDITION, SEISMIC CASE

LOAD CASE:

A. INPUT DATA:

(dimensions & levels shown in following figures are in meter)

t1

Wing wall

C/L of bearing/shaft

Lv1

892.220

(Formation Level)

Thicness, t4 = 0.30
B4

h5 =

0.000

h1 =

Dirt wall

t2
V

0.000 4.565
h6 =
0.000

h2

Lv2 = 888.155

(Top of Bearing)

Lv3 = 887.655

(Top of Cap)

0.00

h3

2.175

h4 =
1.000
B3

B2

Superstructure
Abutment cap
B1 =

5.750

10.520

13.720

1.500
Abutment shaft (front wall)
Abutment return wall

L2 (heel slab)

L1 L3 (toe slab)

6.000

Lv4 = 881.700

4.500

(Top of Foundation)

Lv5 = 878.500
D2

D1

= 1.250
6.750

= 3.200

D3= 1.750

(Founding Level)

3.200

5.250
12.000

ELEVATION OF THE ABUTMENT

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

42

C/L of bearing/abutment shaft

4.500
L3

6.000
L2

L1

1.250

1.500
1.000

t3
B1

4.500

Return
wall

(average thickness)

1.500

W= 9.000

w=
6.500
Abutment shaft (front wall)

1.000
1.250

t3

B3
0.250

5.750

PLAN AT TOP OF THE FOOTING

1.0 LEVELS:
Formation level, Lv1
Level of CG of superstructure, Lcg
Top of bearing level, Lv2
Abutment cap top level, Lv3
Top of foundation level, Lv4
Founding level, Lv5

=
=
=
=
=
=

892.220
890.720
888.155
887.655
881.700
878.500

m
m
m
m
m
m

(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)

(considered at about one third depth from top)
(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)
(considered for design, for actual refer bridge GAD)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

43

2.0 ABUTMENT DIMENSIONS:

Width of abutment shaft, B1
Width of abutment cap, B2
Width of return wall, B3
Width of wing wall, B4
Height 'h1' of dirt wall
Height 'h2' of dirt wall
Constant depth of abutment cap, h3
Variable depth of abutment cap, h4
Constant depth of wing wall, h5
Variable depth of wing wall, h6
Top thickness of dirt wall, t1
Bottom thickness of dirt wall, t2
Thickness of return wall, t3
Thickness of wing wall, t4
Total height of bearing & pedestal, h
Total width of bridge, w
Eccenrticity of abutment shaft w.r.t. its center line

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.500
2.175
5.750
0.000
4.565
0.000
0.500
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.500
0.500
1.000
0.300
0.500
6.500
0.000

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Length, L1 (with constant depth)

Length, L2 (with variable depth, heel slab)
Length, L3 (with variable depth, toe slab)
Depth, D1 (constant depth)

=
=
=
=

1.500
6.000
4.500
3.200

m
m
m
m

Depth, D2 (at edge, heel slab)

1.250

Depth, D3 (at edge, toe slab)

1.750

Depth, D4 (at the section of shear check)

Width of footing across bridge, W
Total length of footing, L = L1+L2+L3

=
=
=
=
=

2.193
9.000
12.000
1.000
0.000

m
m
m
m
m

(average thickness)
(POT-cum-PTFE bearings)

3.0 FOOTING DIMENSIONS:

Width of footing considered for structural design, b

Eccentricity of central part (L1) w.r.t.c/l of abutment shaft

(same as 'B1' for design purpose)

(section at effective depth away from face of wall)

(reinforcement calculated is for unit width of footing)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

44

4.0 CONCRETE & STEEL DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Effc.cover to foundation/substructure reinf., ceffective
Density of concrete, gc
Grade of concrete
Permissible stress in concrete, scb
Grade of steel
Permissible stress in tension steel, sst
Permissible stress in compression steel, ssc
Actual %age of steel provided at section of shear check
Corresponding permissible shear stress in concrete
Modular ratio, m

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

75
2.50
M30
15.00
Fe500
360.00
307.50
0.38
0.39
10

mm
t/m3

=
=
=

2.0
0.400
2.000

t/m3

6.000

(on footing projections beyond return walls)

=
=

75.00
75.00

t/m2
t/m2

(sub-surface soil)
(net SBC + weight of overburden soil)

(to tension & compression steel)

(as per clause 203 of IRC: 6- 2010)

N/mm2 (as per table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

N/mm2 (as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)
2
N/mm (as per table 10 of IRC: 21- 2000)

(100*Ast/bd in foundation)
2

N/mm (as per table 12B of IRC: 21- 2000)

(as per note below table 9 of IRC: 21- 2000)

5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS:

Bulk density of soil (dry) , gs
Active earth pressure coefficient, Ka
Height of earthfill on front side of abutment

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(backfill soil behind abutment)

(over length L3 of footing)

Height of earthfill on back side of abutment

(over lengths L1 & L2 of footing)

Allowable net safe bearing capacity of soil

Allowable groos bearing capacity of soil

6.0 EXTERNAL LOADS:

Load Combination:
Longitudinal horizontal seismic coefficient, hL
Transverse horizontal seismic coefficient, hT
Vertical seismic coefficient, v
Total dead load (including SIDL) from superstructure, V1
Total live load from superstructure, V2
Vertical load due to seismic forces, V3
Total vertical load from superstructure, V = V1+V2+V3
Eccentricity of vertical load w.r.t. C/L of abutment shaft
Horizontal braking/tractive/bearing friction force, HL1
Longitudinal horizontal seismc force, HL2
Total horizontal force from superstructure, HL = HL1+HL2
Equivalent live load surcharge (UDL) at carriageway level

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

SPAN DISLODGEMENT CONDITION, SEISMIC CASE

(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.188
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.056
(as per clause 219 of IRC:6 2010, conservative value)
0.038
(span dislodgement case)
0.00
t
(span dislodgement case)
0.00
t
(V1+V2)* v
0.00
t
0.00
t
0.150 m
(ma*DL as per clause 211 of IRC: 6- 2010)
0.00
t
V1* hL
0.00
t
(along longitudinal axis)
0.00
t
2.400 t/m2

(equivalent to 1.2m height of earthfill as per clause 710.4.4 of IRC:78)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

45

B. OUTPUT:
1.0 CALCULATION OF VERTICAL LOADS:
Nos. Length/
Height
(m)

In the following calculations +ve & -ve ecc.means ecc.towards bridge side & approach side respectively

Width
(m)

Depth/
Thickness
(m)

Volume
(m3)

1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

Weight/
Eccentricity
Load
(w.r.t C/L of abutment shaft)
(m)
(t)
0.00
0.150

(dead load + superimposed dead load + live load + vertical seismic)

1.2 WEIGHT OF FOOOTING:

(NO SEISMIC ON THIS WEIGHT AS PER CODE)

1.500
9.000
3.200

Length L1 (constant depth)

Length L2 (variable depth)

6.000

9.000

Length L3 (variable depth)

4.500

9.000

4.455

6.500

43.200

108.00

0.000

2.225

120.150

300.38

-3.312

2.475

100.238

250.59

2.780

1.500

43.436

108.59

0.000

1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.07

1.4 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:

Constant depth, h3

Variable depth, h4

Vertical seismic on this,W*av

2.175

6.500

0.500

7.069

17.67

-0.338

1.838

6.500

1.000

11.944

29.86

-0.179

(av.width)

1.78

1.5 WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:

2

11.495

5.750

1.000

132.193

Vertical seismic on this,W*av

330.48

-3.625

12.39

1.6 WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:

Top portion, thickness t1
1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.565
0.000

6.500
6.500

0.500
0.500

14.836
0.000

37.09
0.00
1.39

-1.175
-1.175

0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.300
0.300

0.000
0.000

0.00
0.00
0.00

-6.500
-6.500

1.7 WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:

Top portion, depth h5
2
Bottom portion, depth h6
2
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

(av.width)

1.8 WEIGHT OF SOIL:

Behind abutment

6.000

4.500

11.495

310.365

620.73

-3.750

7.500

2.500

6.000

112.500

225.00

-3.000

In front of abutment
1
Vertical seismic on this,W*av

4.500

9.000

2.000

81.000

162.00
37.79

3.000

(between return walls)

Behind abutment
(outside return walls)

(conservative value as seismic need not be taken below GL)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

46

2.0 CALCULATION OF LONGITUDINAL HORIZONTAL LOADS:

2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(braking force/bearing friction + horizontal seismic force)
(W*ah)
2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:
(W*ah)
2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Variable depth, h4
2.4 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:
2.5 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
2.6 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Bottom portion, depth h6
2.7 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
In front of abutment

(W*ah)
(W*ah)

Force/
Load
(t)
0.00

Lever Arm

Lever Arm

(above top of foundation)

(above founding level)

(m)
6.455

(m)
9.655

(considered to be acting at top of the bearing)

20.36

2.227

5.428

3.31
5.60
61.97

5.705
4.986
4.772

8.905
8.186
7.973

6.95
0.00

8.237
5.955

11.438
9.155

0.00
0.00

10.520
10.520

13.720
13.720

116.39
42.19
30.38

4.772
2.025
0.275

7.973
5.225
3.475

(W*ah)

(W*ah)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

47

3.0 CALCULATION OF EARTH PRESSURE:

Factor "Fep" to increase earth pressure

Factor "Fcg" to increase height of CG of earth pressure

Ka*q

1.000
1.000

FORCES AT FOOTING BASE

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

H = 13.720 m
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H2*w*Fep

H = 10.520
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H2*w*Fep

=
M2 =

85.61
587.30
Net F = 575.03
Net M = 2825.58
Lv5 = 878.500

F1

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Fep

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

FORCES AT ABUTMENT BASE

= 489.42 t
M1 = 2238.28 t-m

F2

(as per any site specific condition)

t
t-m
t
t-m

= 287.74 t
M1 = 1009.02 t-m

Ka*g*H, due to Earth Press.

=

10.976

t/m /m for

H=

13.720 m

8.416

t/m2/m for

H=

10.520 m

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Fep
(F2*H/2*Fcg)

=
M2 =

65.64
345.29
Net F =
353.39
Net M = 1354.31
Lv4 = 881.700

(founding level)

Ka*q, due to LL surcharge

(where "w"= width of abutment)

t
t-m
t
t-m

(F2*H/2*Fcg)

( abutment shaft bottom level)

0.960

t/m /m for all heights

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

48

4.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN:

4.1 VERTICAL LOADS & LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS:
In the following calculations positive
and negative eccentricity means
eccentricity towards bridge side &
approach side respectively

Vertical
Load
(t)

Ecc.
(w.r.t C/L of footing)

(m)

Moment
(t-m)

(w.r.t toe of footing)

Ecc.

Moment
(t-m)

(m)

(w.r.t toe of footing)

(w.r.t C/L of footing)

(for base pressure check)

(for overturning check)

4.1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

0.00

0.900

0.00

-5.100

0.00

4.1.2 WEIGHT OF FOOOTING:

Constant depth, length L1

108.00

0.750

81.00

-5.250

-567.00

Variable depth, length L2

300.38

-2.562

-769.50

-8.562

-2571.75

Variable depth, length L3

250.59
108.59
4.07

3.530
0.750
0.750

884.67
81.44
3.05

-2.470
-5.250
-5.250

-618.89
-570.10
-21.38

17.67
0.66
29.86
1.12
330.48
12.39

0.413
0.413
0.571
0.571
-2.875
-2.875

7.29
0.27
17.05
0.64
-950.13
-35.63

-5.588
-5.588
-5.429
-5.429
-8.875
-8.875

-98.74
-3.70
-162.11
-6.08
-2933.02
-109.99

37.09
1.39
0.00
0.00

-0.425
-0.425
-0.425
-0.425

-15.76
-0.59
0.00
0.00

-6.425
-6.425
-6.425
-6.425

-238.31
-8.94
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-5.750
-5.750
-5.750
-5.750

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-11.750
-11.750
-11.750
-11.750

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

620.73
23.28
225.00
8.44
162.00
6.08
2247.82

-3.000
-3.000
-2.250
-2.250
3.750
3.750

-1862.19
-69.83
-506.25
-18.98
607.50
22.78
-2523.17

-9.000
-9.000
-8.250
-8.250
-2.250
-2.250

-5586.57
-209.50
-1856.25
-69.61
-364.50
-13.67
-16010.10

(DL + SIDL + LL + Vertical Seismic)

4.1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

Vertical seismic on this
4.1.4 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Vertical seismic on this
Variable depth, h4
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.5 WEIGHT OF RETURN WALLS:
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.6 WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Vertical seismic on this
Bottom portion, thickness t2
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.7 WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Vertical seismic on this
Bottom portion, depth h6
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.8 WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
Vertical seismic on this
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
Vertical seismic on this
In front of abutment
Vertical seismic on this
4.1.9 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

VERTICAL LOAD, VF

MOMENT, MFL1

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

MOMENT, MR

49

4.2 HORIZONTAL FORCES & MOMENTS:

(including moment due to transverse eccentricity of live loads)

Horizontal
Load
(t)

(above founding level)

Lever Arm

Moment
(t-m)

Moment
(t-m)

(m)

(longitudinal, ML)

(transverse, MT)

0.00
20.36

9.155
5.428

0.00
110.51

33.15

ML*(ahT/ahL)

3.31

8.905

29.51

8.85

ML*(ahT/ahL)

5.60
61.97

8.186
7.973

45.83
494.02

13.75 ML*(ahT/ahL)
148.21 ML*(ahT/ahL)

6.95

11.438

79.54

23.86

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

9.155

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

13.720

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

13.720

0.00

0.00

ML*(ahT/ahL)

116.39
42.19
30.38
575.03

7.973
5.225
3.475
-

927.89
220.43
105.55
2825.58

4.2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(Braking Force/Bearing Friction + Horizontal Seismic)

4.2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

4.2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Variable depth, h4
4.2.4 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT RETURN WALLS:
4.2.5 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF DIRT WALL:
Top portion, thickness t1
Bottom portion, thick. t2
4.2.6 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF WING WALLS:
Top portion, depth h5
Bottom portion, depth h6
4.2.7 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF SOIL:
(between return walls)
Behind abutment
(outside return walls)
Behind abutment
In front of abutment
4.2.8 EARTH PRESSURE:
4.2.9 MOMENT DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LL

0.00
(VERTICAL LIVE LOAD)

4.2.10 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

4.3 RESULTANT FORCES:

0.250

278.37 ML*(ahT/ahL)
66.13 ML*(ahT/ahL)
31.67 ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

(ECC. eT)

862.17

4838.86

603.98

HORIZONTAL LOAD, HF

MOMENT, MFL2

MOMENT, MFT

(AT FOUNDING LEVEL)

4.3.1 RESULTANT VERTICAL LOAD, VF

4.3.2 RESULTANT HORIZONTAL LOAD, HF = HS
4.3.3 RESULTANT LONGITUDINAL MOMENT, MFL
= MFL1 + MFL2

=
=
=

4.3.4 RESULTANT TRANSVERSE MOMENT, MFT

2247.82 t
862.17 t
2315.69 t-m

603.98

4.3.5 OVERTURNING MOMENT, MO = MFL2

4838.86 t-m

4.3.6 RESISTING MOMENT, MR

16010.10 t-m

(ACTING ALONG C/L OF FOOTING FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK)

(SLIDING FORCE HS FOR SLIDING CHECK)
(MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF FOOTING FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK)

t-m
(MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES FOR OVERTURNING CHECK)
(MOMENT DUE TO VERTICAL LOADS FOR OVERTURNING CHECK)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

50

5.0 STABILITY CHECKS:

5.1 CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:
Total overturning moment, MO

4838.86 t-m

=
Factor of safety against overturning
=
Required F.O.S against overturning
=
Which is less than the available F.O.S, hence OK

16010.10 t-m
3.31
1.50

Total resisting moment, MR

(MR/MO)

5.2 CHECK FOR SLIDING:

Total sliding force, HS

Vertical load resisting this force, VF

=
=
=

Coefficient of friction, f
Total resisting force, HR = f * VF
Factor of safety against sliding, HR/HS

=
Required factor of safety against sliding
=
Which is less than the available F.O.S, hence OK

862.17

2247.82 t
0.500
1,123.91 t

(between sub-surface soil & concrete)

1.30
1.25

6.0 CHECK FOR BASE PRESSURE:

Area of footing, A

Section modulus, ZT

Section modulus, ZL

Maximum base pressure

Minimum base pressure

108.00 m2
216.00 m3

(about transverse axis)

162.00 m
35.26 t/m2
6.36

t/m

(about longitudinal axis)

(VF/A + MFL/ZT + MFT/ZL)

Which is less than gross bearing capacity of soil, Hence O.K.

(VF/A - MFL/ZT - MFT/ZL)

Which is more than 0, Hence O.K.

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

51

7.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:

C/L of bearing/abutment shaft

7.500
6.000
2.875

4.500
3.125

3.125

1.375

6.36
t/m2

13.29
2

t/m
(for SF at D)

D
20.81

C
A
24.43

B
31.95

35.26
2
t/m

t/m2
t/m2
t/m2
(for BM at A & C) (for SF at B)

7.1 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

(TOE SLAB)

Bending moment at section 'A', Mact

279.96

t-m/m width

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Moment in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Coefficients for calculating section capacity and reinforcement:

1 / [1+sst / (mscb) ]
n=
=
0.294
j=
(1 - n / 3)
0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, d
Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.902
1.990
1000
3125

N/mm2
mm
mm

Kbd2
1942.99 t-m/m width

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

52

Stress in compression steel, ssc

Area of compression steel, Asc

1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]

N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

7.2 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

206.64

mm2/m width
Mact or Mr /sstjd
0

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

2759
mm /m width
Ascssc/sst
mm2/m width

(singly reinforced section)

2759

mm /m width

40.71

t/m width

(TOE SLAB)

Shear force at section 'B', Vact

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including shear in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Shear in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Moment at section 'B', M'act

28.51

t-m/m width

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill over footing. Moment in opposite
direction due to selfweight of footing ignored conservatively)

Effective depth 'd1' at section 'B'

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual percentage of steel at section 'B'

=
=

2118
mm
1000
mm
0.322
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.172
0.380

N/mm2
%

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

Permissible shear stress in concrete
=
0.390 N/mm2
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

53

7.3 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

(HEEL SLAB)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

Bending moment at section 'C', Mact

=
=

0.750
241.10

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

t-m/m width

(including reduction factor)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top of footing
& maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, d
Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=
=
=
=

Stress in compression steel, ssc

=
Area of compression steel, Asc

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

7.4 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

1.990
1000
3125

N/mm2
mm
mm

Kbd2
1942.99 t-m/m width
1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]
N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}
206.64

0
mm /m width
Mact or Mr /sstjd

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

2376
mm /m width
Ascssc/sst
mm2/m width

(singly reinforced section)

2376

mm /m width

=
=

0.750

(as heel slab is not a cantilever, it is supported on three sides)

41.43

t/m width

(HEEL SLAB)

Reduction factor for heel slab, "Fhs"

Shear force at section 'D', Vact

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top
of footing & maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

Moment at section 'D', M'act

63.13

t-m/m width

(section at effective depth away from face)

(Including moment in opposite direction due to weight of soil fill & footing. Weight of soil till top
of footing & maximum depth of footing considered conservatively)

Effective depth 'd1' at section 'D'

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual percentage of steel at section 'D'

=
=

2118
mm
1000
mm
0.325
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.150
0.380

N/mm2
%

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

Permissible shear stress in concrete
=
0.390 N/mm2
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

54

8.0 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN:

8.1 VERTICAL LOADS & LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS:

Eccentricity

Moment

(w.r.t shaft C/L)

(w.r.t shaft C/L)

(m)
0.150

(t-m)
0.00

108.59
4.07

0.000
0.000

0.00
0.00

17.67
0.66
29.86
1.12
161.98

-0.338
-0.338
-0.179
-0.179

-5.96
-0.22
-5.35
-0.20
-11.74

Vertical
Load
(t)
0.00

8.1.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, V:

(DL + SIDL + LL + Vertical Seismic)

8.1.2 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

Vertical seismic on this
8.1.3 WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3
Vertical seismic on this
Variable depth, h4
Vertical seismic on this
8.1.4 NET VERTICAL LOAD

VERTICAL LOAD, VA

8.2 HORIZONTAL FORCES & MOMENTS:

MOMENT, MAL1

(including moment due to transverse eccentricity of live loads)

Horizontal
Load
(t)

Lever Arm

Moment

Moment

(longitudinal, ML)

(transverse, MT)

(m)

(t-m)

(t-m)

0.00
20.36

6.455
2.227

0.00
45.35

0.00
13.61

3.31

5.705

18.90

5.67

ML*(ahT/ahL)

4.986

27.91
1354.31
0.250

8.37

ML*(ahT/ahL)

(w.r.t.base of shaft)

8.2.1 EXTERNAL LOAD FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE, HL:

(Braking Force/Bearing Friction + Horizontal Seismic)

8.2.2 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SHAFT:

8.2.3 SEISMIC ON WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT CAP:
Constant depth, h3

Variable depth, h4
5.60
8.2.4 EARTH PRESSURE:
353.39
4.2.9 MOMENT DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LL

0.00
(VERTICAL LIVE LOAD)

8.2.8 NET FORCE/MOMENT:

ML*(ahT/ahL), conservative
ML*(ahT/ahL)

0.00

(ECC. eT)

382.66

1446.48

27.65

HORIZONTAL LOAD, HA

MOMENT, MAL2

MOMENT, MAT

8.3 RESULTANT FORCES:

8.3.1 RESULTANT VERTICAL LOAD, VA
8.3.2 RESULTANT HORIZONTAL LOAD, HA
8.3.1 RESULTANT LONGITUDINAL MOMENT, MAL
= MAL1 + MAL2

=
=

8.3.4 RESULTANT TRANSVERSE MOMENT, MAT

161.98
382.66

27.65

t-m

t
1434.74 t-m

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

55

9.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ABUTMENT

Check for stresses in concrete and steel in abutment shaft is enclosed separately on the following pages.
Allowable stress in concrete

Allowable stress in steel

15.000

1500

t/m2

36000

t/m2

N/mm

360.000 N/mm

10.0 DESIGN OF RETURN WALL

10.1 FORCES IN RETURN WALL:
Factor "Frw" to reduce the forces in return wall

0.600

(as return wall is not acting as a cantilever, it is supoorted on two sides)

Factor "Fcg" to increase height of CG of earth pressure

1.000

(required specifically during seismic conditions)

Depth (thickness) of return wall at base, Drw

1.000

Effective depth (thickness) of return wall at base, drw

0.925

=
FORCES AT ABUTMENT BASE

Ka*q

Lv1= 892.220 (formation Level)

Lv1=

H = 10.520 m
2
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H *w*Frw

H = 9.595
2
F1 = 0.5*Ka*g*H *w*Frw

=
M1 =

F2

FORCES AT HT."drw" ABOVE ABUTMENT BASE

152.73
535.56

t
t-m

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Frw

=
M2 =

34.84
183.27
Net F = 187.57
Net M = 718.83
Lv4A = 881.700

F1

t
t-m
t
t-m

=
M1 =

Ka*g*H, due to Earth Press.

=

8.416

t/m2/m for

7.676

t/m /m for

H=

10.520 m

H=

9.595

(formation Level)

127.05 t
406.34 t-m

(where "w"=width of return wall)

(F1*H/3*Fcg)

F2 = Ka*q*H*w*Frw
(F2*H/2*Fcg)

=
M2 =

31.78
152.46
Net F =
158.83
Net M = 558.80
Lv4B = 882.625

( abutment shaft bottom level)

Ka*q, due to LL surcharge

0.000

t
t-m
t
t-m

(F2*H/2*Fcg)

(at height "drw" above abutment base)

0.960

t/m /m for all heights

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

56

10.2 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

Bending moment at base, Mact

718.83

t-m for entire width

0.5* n * j *scb
K=
Width of the section, b
Effective depth of the section, drw

=
=
=

1.990
5750
925

N/mm2
mm
mm

Capacity of balanced section, Mr

=
=
=

Kbd2
978.86 t-m for entire width
1.5mscb*[1-dc/(nd)]

N/mm2
(Mact-Mr)/{ssc(d-dc)}

Stress in compression steel, ssc

Area of compression steel, Asc

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast1

=
=

Area of tension steel, Ast2

=
=

Total area of tension steel, Ast

206.64

mm2 in entire width

Mact or Mr /sstjd
0

(dc is effective cover to compression reinforcement)

(singly reinforced section)
(lesser of Mact & Mr considered)

23933 mm2 in entire width

Ascssc/sst
2

mm in entire width

(singly reinforced section)

23933

mm in entire width

Shear force at height 'drw', Vact

158.83

t for entire width

(section at effective depth away from face)

Moment at height 'drw', M'act

558.80

t-m for entire width

(section at effective depth away from face)

Effective depth 'drw1' at this section

Width of the section considered, b
tanb
Design shear stress, t

=
=
=
=

Actual %age of steel at this section

=
=

10.3 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

925
mm
5750
mm
0.000
(V - M tanb/d1)/bd1
0.299
0.530

N/mm2
%
2

Permissible shear stress in concrete

=
0.465 N/mm
Which is more than the design shear stress, hence no shear reinforcement is required

(corresponding to actual steel provided)

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

57